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Pediatric echo practice test revised version, Exams of Nursing

Cheyney University of PennsylvaniaNursing

Pediatric echo practice test revised version

Typology: Exams

2025/2026

Available from 05/11/2026

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Pediatric echo practice test revised version
1. From the suprasternal notch view, which are the first three
branches of the
aorta ascending to descending?
A.
Brachiocephalic artery, L subclavian artery, LCCA
B. R subclavian artery, L subclavian artery, LCCA
C. L subclavian artery, LCCA, RCCA
D. RCCA, LCCA, L subclavian artery
E.
Brachiocephalic
artery,
LCCA,
L
subclavian
artery:
E. Brachiocephalic artery,
LCCA, L
subclavian artery
2. The four pulmonary veins ultimately return blood into which
anatomic struc-
ture?
A. LA
B. RA
C. LV
D.
RV
E.
IVC and SVC:
A. LA
3.
The term "pressure gradient" is defined as?
A. The pressure difference between two structures
B.
The pressure equalization of two anatomic structures
C. The transfer of oxygen between two structures
D. The transfer of mass/volume between two structures: A. The
pressure ditterence
between two structures
4. Right heart failure is the absolute inability of the myocardium and
chambers to adequately pump blood into the lung lobes which results
in lower extremity edema, shortness of breath, ascites, and lowered
Sa02 levels?
A.
True
B.
False:
A. Ture
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Partial preview of the text

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Pediatric echo practice test revised version

  1. From the suprasternal notch view, which are the first three branches of the aorta ascending to descending? A. Brachiocephalic artery, L subclavian artery, LCCA B. R subclavian artery, L subclavian artery, LCCA C. L subclavian artery, LCCA, RCCA D. RCCA, LCCA, L subclavian artery E. Brachiocephalic artery, LCCA, L subclavian artery: E. Brachiocephalic artery, LCCA, L subclavian artery
  2. The four pulmonary veins ultimately return blood into which anatomic struc-ture? A. LA B. RA C. LV D. RV E. IVC and SVC: A. LA
  3. The term "pressure gradient" is defined as? A. The pressure difference between two structures B. The pressure equalization of two anatomic structures C. The transfer of oxygen between two structures D. The transfer of mass/volume between two structures: A. The pressure ditterence between two structures
  4. Right heart failure is the absolute inability of the myocardium and chambers to adequately pump blood into the lung lobes which results in lower extremity edema, shortness of breath, ascites, and lowered Sa02 levels? A. True B. False: A. Ture

2 / 33

  1. Which best describes the term "fistula"? A. communication between the right and left ventricle B. an abnormal anastomosis C. normal connection between two body parts D. communication between the right and left atria: B. An abnormal anastomosis
  2. D-Looping of the heart can be described as? A. Rightward twisting of the cardiac loop B. Leftward twisting of the cardiac loop C. spiral looping of the cardiac tube D. transverse looping of the cardiac tube: A. rightward twisting of the cardiac loop
  3. The truncus in a normal situation will form? A. The atria and ventricles B. The four pulmonic valves C. The outflow tracts D. The inflow tracts E. The aorta and pulmonary arteries: E. The aorta and pulmonary arteries
  4. The portion of the heart termed the conus typically will form? A. The inflow tracts and the semilunar valves B. Only the inflow tracts C. Only the semilunar valves D. The outflow tracts of the aortic and pulmonic valves: D. The outflow tracts of the aortic and pulmonic valves
  5. The portion of the heart termed the bulbus will form? A. Inflow tracts of the semilunar valves and cordis B. Inflow tracts of the AV valves C. Inflow tracts, outflow tracts, and all four valves D. The ventricles E. The atria, atrial appendage and cordis: D. The ventricles
  6. The endocardial cushions in time will become the? A. AV valves B. semilunar valves

4 / 33 A. Near the annulus B. Mid-septum C. At the roof of the atrium D. Anywhere in the inter atrial septum except near the annulus: C. At the roof of the atrium

  1. Where is a supra-cristal VSD located? A. in the left ventricular outflow tract B. in the right ventricular outflow tract C. In the left ventricular inflow tract D. In the right ventricular inflow tract: B. In the right ventricular outflow tract
  2. "Swiss cheese" VSDs are most commonly described as multiple muscular VSD's with a very large communication between the ventricles? A. True B. False: A. True
  3. Patency of the vessel in the fetus that connects the left pulmonary artery to the descending thoracic aorta is? A. Coarctation B. Patent Ductus Arteriosus C. Patent foramen ovale D. Primum cleft atrioventricular valve E. Peripheral pulmonic stenosis: B. Patent Ductus Arteriosus
  4. Displacement of the tricuspid valve leaflets from the annulus into the right ventricular is? A. Tricuspid atresia B. Tetrology of fallot C. Eisenmenger's syndrome D. Ebsteins anomaly: D. Ebsteins anomaly
  5. The Jatene procedure is indicated in what type of lesion? A. Coarctation B. Tricuspid atresia C. Truncus arteriosus

5 / 33 D. D-Transposition of Great Vessels E. Tetrology of fallot: D. D-Transposition of the great ateries Jatene=Arterial switch

  1. In the neonate and in premature infants, indomethacin may be indicated in the treatment of? A. Atrial septal defect B. Patent ductus arteriosus C. Ventricular septal defect D. Anomalous coronary artery E. Ebsteins anomaly: B. Patent ductus arteriosus
  2. Prostaglandins are used to keep a PDA open? A. True B. False: A. True
  3. While imaging a 3 day old infant in the subcostal short axis view at the mitral level you find a small defect. What best describes this? A. Trabecular VSD B. Inlet VSD C. Primum VSD D. Outlet VSD E. Perimembranous VSD: E. Perimembranous VSD
  4. What is the most common type of aortic coarctation? A. Preductal B. Postductal C. Juxtaductal D. Tubular hypoplasia: C. Juxtaductal
  5. In evaluation of the pediatric patient you encounter a peak tricuspid regur-gitation velocity at 2m/s. The estimated right atrial pressure is 5mmHg. What best represents the right ventricular systolic pressure? A. 10mmHg

7 / 33 E. Constricting PDA: E. constricting PDA

  1. Tissue doppler uses essentially the same methodology as standard doppler which looks at blood flow, except that rather than measuring the high velocity low signal traces from the blood it measures? A. Low velocity, low signal traces B. Low velocity, low signal traces C. high velocity, low signal traces D. high velocity, high signal traces E. Low velocity, high signal trace: E. low velocity, high signal trace
  2. In evaluation of a patent ductus arteriosus you discover a peak velocity of 3.0m/s. The blood pressure is 110/65mmHg. What best illustrates the systolic pulmonary artery pressure? A. 64mmHg B. 74mmHg C. 110mmHg D. 170mmHg E. 174mmHg: B. 74mmHg
  3. What abnormality is seen in the 2D image? A. Moderate PDA B. Normal pulmonary bifurcation C. Pulmonic stenosis D. Aortic dilation E. Constricting right pulmonary vein: C. Pulmonic stenosis
  4. What is the most common type of atrial septal defect? A. Primum B. Secundum C. Sinus Venosus D. Single Atrium: B. Secundum (70%)
  5. A ventricular septal defect exists in conjunction with pulmonary vascular obstructive disease (PVOD). The resistance to blood flow to the lungs involved in PVOD causes a "right to left

8 / 33 shunt" to occur. Blood then flows from the right ventricle into the left ventricle through the VSD. Which complex describes this condition? A. Eisenmenger's complex B. Marfan's complex C. Shone's complex D. Kawasaki complex E. Damus-Kaye-Stansel complex: A. Eisenmenger's complex

  1. A 2 month old with a recent history of Kawasaki disease was admitted to the hospital because of 2 consecutive days of fever. On admission, the infant was febrile with normal skin turgor. From this echocardiographic examina-tion what does this view demonstrate (RCA with consistent size throughout image)? A. normal LCA involvement B. Lack of RCA tapering C. Normal RCA involvement D. Lack of LCA tapering E. Right aneurysmal coronary: B. Lack of RCA tapering
  2. What type of congenital VSD is highly associated with AI and AOV prolapse? A. Secundum ASD B. Perimembranous VSD C. "swiss cheese" VSD D. Supracristal VSD: D. Supracristal VSD
  3. Which of the following will "T-sign" artifact be useful in the detection of ventricular septal defects? A. M-mode B. 2D C. Pulsed-wave doppler D. Continuous wave doppler E. Color flow doppler: B. 2D
  4. A transthoracic 2D echo revealed a large myxoma occupying?

10 / 33 A. Anterior and to the left of the pulmonary valve B. Anterior and to the right of the pulmonary valve C. Posterior and to the right of the pulmonary valve D. Posterior and to the left of the pulmonary valve: C. posterior and to the right of the pulmonary valve

  1. Which of the following surgical procedures is NOT frequently used to treat transposition of the great arteries? A. Senning procedure B. Mustard procedure C. Arterial switch procedure D. Fontan procedure: D. Fontan procedure
  2. Which of the following is also known as the arterial switch procedure? A. Rashkind procedure B. Mustard procedure C. Jatene procedure D. Senning procedure: C. Jatene procedure
  3. When the aorta and pulmonary artery are transposed, as they exit the heart they will course? A. parallel to eachother B. Perpendicular to each other C. wound around each other D. In no particular relationship to eachother: A. Parallel to eachother
  4. Balloon atrial septostomy is most commonly performed in infants who have which of the following? A. Ebsteins anomaly B. Transposition of the great arteries C. Truncus arteriosus D. Tetrology of fallot: B. Transpositionof the great arteries
  5. When the heart has a normal anatomic positioning (with LA and LV apex on the patients left side) this is termed? A. Situs inversus, Levocardia

11 / 33 B. Situs inversus, Dextrocardia C. Situs Solitus, Levovardia D. Situs Solitus, Dextrocardia: C. Situs solitus, Levocardia

  1. This pressure tracing was taken from an 11 year old girl with a history of rheumatic fever, what is most likely the diagnosis? A. Left atrial enlargement B. Mitral valve prolapse C. Congenital aortic stenosis D. Aortic coarctation E. Mitral stenosis: E. Mitral stenosis

  2. Which of the following is useful in the assessment of pulmonary artery pressure? A. Peak doppler gradient through a patent ductus arteriosus B. Peak doppler gradient of tricuspid regurgitation C. End- diastolic doppler gradient of pulmonary insufficiency D. Acceleration time to ejection time ratio calculated from a right ventricular outflow tract velocity curve E. All of the above are useful in estimating pulmonary artery pressures: E. All of the above are useful in estimating pulmonary artery pressures

  3. All of the following are anatomic features of the right ventricle EXCEPT? A. Moderator band B. 13 / 33 B. VTI x CSA C. 220/pressure half time D. Simplified Bernoulli equation 4xV squared E. CSA x VTI: D. Simplified Bernoulli equation

  4. What is the formula for the Simplified Continuity of Flow Equation? A. A1= A1xV1/V B. A2= A1xV1/V C. A1=A1xV1/V D. A2=A1xV1xV2: B. A2= A1xV1/V

  5. What M-mode /2D finding would be seen in an adolescent with total anom-alous pulmonary venous return? A. Atrial triatriatrium B. Atretic left atrium C. Dilated right atrium D. small left atrium E. Small right atrium: C. dilated right atrium

  6. In ultrasound hemodynamics, the term "stroke volume" may be calculated by which of the following doppler formulas? A. CO=SVxHR B. CSAxVTI C. SV=VTIxCO D. SV=VTI/BSA: B. CSAxVTI

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  1. Which is NOT the best method used to evaluate severe tricuspid valve regurgitation in 2D Echo? A. The PISA B. The proximal jet height C. The vena contracta D. Maximal jet velocity E. TR severity based on shape and density of the signal: D. maximal jet velocity
  2. Which of the following is NOT a proven doppler finding for patients with pulmonary hypertension? A. M-mode reduced or absent a wave of pulmonic valve B. 2D RV hypertrophy / dilatation C. PW/CW tricuspid regurgitation D. M-mode flattened e-f slope of pulmonic valve E. M-mode increased "a" wave of the pulmonic valve: E. M-mode increased "a" wave of the pulmonic valve
  3. While scanning a neonate you discover a heart in which the morphologic LV is positioned to the right of the morphologic RV and to both atrioventricular and venticuloarterial discordance is present. What is this anomaly referred to? A. Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection B. tetralogy of fallot C. d transposition of the great arteries D. l transposition of the great arteries E. complete atrioventricular canal defect: D. l transposition of the great arteries
  4. The mitral valve area is determined by doppler using which formula? A. 220/pressure 1/2 time B. 220 x pressure 1/2 time C. pressure 1/2 time/ D. Deceleration time/ Pressure 1/2 time E. Pressure 1/2 time via plannimetry: A. 220/pressure 1/2 time

16 / 33 A. Pressure half time B. Mean velocity C. Flow disturbance D. Flow direction: A. pressure half time

  1. Hypoplastic left heart syndrome is a combination of all the following EX-CEPT? A. small right ventricle B. small left ventricle C. aortic atresia D. mitral atresia: A. small right ventricle
  2. The shunt across the atrial septal defect in hypoplastic left heart syndrome is predominantly? A. right to left B. left to right C. bidirectional D. varies with resporation: B. Left to right
  3. The surgical approach to hypoplastic left heart syndrome is? A. Jatene B. konno C. Norwood D. Mustard: C. Norwood
  4. For a Blalock-Taussig shunt, the peak velocity across the shunt is 5m/s, the blood pressure is 140/60 mmHg. What is the systolic pulmonary artery pressure? A. 120 mmHg B. 100 mmHg C. 40 mmHg D. 20 mmHg: C. 40 mmHg
  5. The pulmonary regurgitation (PR) end diastolic velocity is 1m/s, the esti-mated right atrial pressure is 5 mmHg, the pulmonary artery end diastolic pressure is equal to? A. 1 mmHg

17 / 33 B. 5 mmHg C. 9 mmHg D. 14 mmHg: C. 9 mmHg PAEDP = 4 x (PR end diastolic velocity squared) + RAP

  1. Newborn cyanosis is most likely due to cardiac, pulmonary, neurologic, or hematologic disorders. It is clinically evident when absolute concentrations of deoxygenated hemoglobin rise above? A. 1g/dL B. 2g/dL C. 3g/dL D. 10g/dL: C. 3g/dL
  2. A connection of the superior vena cava to the right pulmonary artery with ligation of the right pulmonary artery proximally is called the? A. Norwood B. Rastelli C. Jatene D. Classic Glenn: D. Classic Glenn
  3. Which surgical procedure transposes the great vessels in a patient with complete transposition of the great arteries? A. Waterson B. Mustard C. Senning D. Jatene E. Glenn: D. Jatene (Arterial switch)
  4. The surgical procedure which attaches the right subclavian artery to the right pulmonary artery is the? A. Blalock-Hanlon B. Blalock-Taussig C. Park D. Mustard

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  1. An operative opening of the atrial septum is the? A. Blalock-Hanlon B. Blalock-Taussig C. Park D. Fontan E. Glenn: A. Blalock-Hanlon
  2. The repair for univentricular heart is? A. Jatene B. Blalock-Taussig C. Norwood D. Fontan: D. Fontan
  3. Which of the following is strongly associated with DiGeorge syndrome? A. Complete atrioventricular septal defect B. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy C. Interrupted aortic arch D. Pulmonary atresia: C. interrupted aortic arch
  4. The Ellis van Creveld syndrome is associated with? A. Ventricular septal defect B. Aortic coarctation C. Truncus arteriosus D. Atrial septal defect: D. atrial septal defect
  5. Which of the following is strongly associated with Marfan's syndrome? A. Mitral valve prolapse B. Aortic coarctation C. Tetralogy of fallot D. atrioventricular septal defect: A. mitral valve prolapse
  6. Noonan syndrome is strongly associated with? A. Truncus arteriosus B. Valvular pulmonic stenosis C. Double outlet right ventricle

20 / 33 D. complete transposition of the great arteries: B. Valvular pulmonic stenosis