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Question 1. Which of the following best describes the primary purpose of Agile principles? A) To enforce strict documentation standards B) To increase flexibility and customer collaboration C) To eliminate all change during a project D) To focus solely on individual performance Answer: B Explanation: Agile principles emphasize responding to change, delivering working software frequently, and collaborating closely with customers, thereby increasing flexibility and value delivery. Question 2. Scrum is considered a framework rather than a methodology because it A) Provides detailed step‑by‑step instructions for every activity B) Requires teams to follow a rigid sequence of phases C) Defines only the roles, events, and artifacts, leaving the "how" to the team D) Enforces a single programming language Answer: C Explanation: Scrum outlines the essential components (roles, events, artifacts) but does not prescribe how work should be performed, allowing teams to adapt practices to their context. Question 3. Which of the three Scrum pillars ensures that the team regularly checks the product’s progress? A) Transparency B) Inspection C) Adaptation
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D) Commitment Answer: B Explanation: Inspection is the pillar that requires the Scrum Team to examine the Increment and processes frequently, such as during Daily Scrum and Sprint Review. Question 4. The Scrum value that encourages team members to speak up about problems is A) Commitment B) Focus C) Openness D) Respect Answer: C Explanation: Openness promotes honest communication about challenges, impediments, and ideas, fostering a safe environment for improvement. Question 5. Who is responsible for maximizing the value of the product resulting from the work of the Scrum Team? A) The Scrum Master B) The Developers C) The Product Owner D) The Stakeholders Answer: C
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C) 15 minutes D) 45 minutes Answer: C Explanation: The Daily Scrum is a 15‑minute event for Developers to synchronize activities and create a plan for the next 24 hours. Question 9. Which Scrum event is explicitly intended to adapt the product and process based on stakeholder feedback? A) Sprint Planning B) Daily Scrum C) Sprint Review D) Sprint Retrospective Answer: C Explanation: Sprint Review gathers feedback from stakeholders on the Increment, allowing the Product Backlog to be refined and the process to be adjusted. Question 10. The primary purpose of the Sprint Retrospective is to A) Demonstrate the Increment to customers B) Identify improvements for the next Sprint C) Re‑estimate the Product Backlog items D) Assign new roles to team members Answer: B
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Explanation: The Retrospective focuses on inspecting the past Sprint and defining actionable improvements for the upcoming Sprint. Question 11. In Scrum, a self‑managing team means that A) The team has no external stakeholders B) The team decides how to accomplish its work without being directed by others C) The team does not need a Product Owner D) The team must have a manager outside the Scrum Team Answer: B Explanation: Self‑management means the Developers organize themselves, decide how to meet the Sprint Goal, and manage their own work. Question 12. Which characteristic best describes a cross‑functional Scrum Team? A) All members have the same skill set B) The team can deliver a potentially releasable Increment without external help C) The team works only on documentation D) The team relies on a separate testing department Answer: B Explanation: Cross‑functionality means the team possesses all skills needed (analysis, design, development, testing) to deliver a complete Increment. Question 13. When should Developers engage directly with external stakeholders? A) Only during Sprint Planning B) Only during Sprint Review
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Explanation: Emergent architecture evolves incrementally, allowing the system to adapt to changing requirements and insights gathered during development. Question 16. Which principle of Agile design helps keep a system adaptable to change? A) “Build once, never change” B) “Prefer simple designs over complex ones” C) “Document every line of code” D) “Separate testing from development” Answer: B Explanation: Simplicity—the art of maximizing the amount of work not done—helps keep designs flexible and easier to modify. Question 17. Incremental development versus big‑up‑front design primarily reduces A) The need for a Product Owner B) The amount of technical debt introduced early C) The number of developers required D) The frequency of Sprint Reviews Answer: B Explanation: Building the system in small, testable increments helps uncover and address technical debt early, avoiding large, hidden problems. Question 18. Which activity is the most appropriate way to manage technical debt? A) Ignoring it until the product is complete B) Including debt items in the Product Backlog and prioritizing them like any other work
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C) Deleting the debt items from the backlog D) Assigning debt to a separate “maintenance” team Answer: B Explanation: Technical debt should be visible, estimated, and prioritized in the Product Backlog to ensure it is addressed in a timely manner. Question 19. High‑quality code is typically A) Hard to read but highly optimized B) Well‑structured, readable, and covered by automated tests C) Written in a single file for simplicity D) Only documented in external manuals Answer: B Explanation: Quality code is maintainable, understandable, and verified by tests, facilitating future changes and collaboration. Question 20. Refactoring differs from adding new functionality because it A) Changes the external behavior of the system B) Improves internal structure without altering observable behavior C) Requires a new Product Backlog item D) Is performed only after a release Answer: B Explanation: Refactoring restructures existing code to improve readability, performance, or maintainability while keeping its external behavior unchanged.
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D) Deploying to production Answer: A Explanation: In TDD, “Red” means writing a test that initially fails because the functionality does not yet exist. Question 24. After writing a passing test in TDD, the next step “Green” means A) Deleting the test B) Writing the minimal code to make the test pass C) Refactoring the test suite D) Ignoring the test Answer: B Explanation: “Green” involves implementing just enough code to satisfy the test, ensuring functionality works as expected. Question 25. Which benefit of TDD directly supports the Scrum value of Courage? A) Developers avoid writing any tests B) Immediate feedback reduces fear of breaking existing behavior when making changes C) Teams can skip the Definition of Done D) TDD eliminates the need for a Product Owner Answer: B Explanation: By providing rapid confidence that changes do not break existing functionality, TDD encourages developers to take bold, necessary refactorings.
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Question 26. “Test Left” in the context of a Scrum Developer means A) Performing testing only after the Increment is complete B) Embedding testing activities early in the development cycle C) Delegating all tests to a QA department D) Testing only the UI Answer: B Explanation: “Test Left” emphasizes shifting testing earlier (left) in the workflow, aligning with TDD and continuous quality practices. Question 27. Unit tests are most effective when they are A) Large integration tests covering many components B) Fast, isolated, and automated, focusing on a single piece of functionality C) Manual and performed by the Product Owner D) Written after the product is released Answer: B Explanation: Unit tests should be quick, deterministic, and test one unit of code, providing rapid feedback during development. Question 28. Continuous Integration (CI) primarily aims to A) Merge code only at the end of a project B) Integrate code changes frequently and verify them automatically C) Replace the need for a Definition of Done D) Eliminate the Sprint Review
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A) Openness B) Commitment C) Transparency D) Courage Answer: C Explanation: Transparency is a Scrum pillar, not a value. The five values are Commitment, Focus, Openness, Respect, and Courage. Question 32. The Scrum Master’s primary responsibility is to A) Prioritize the Product Backlog B) Ensure the Scrum Team follows Scrum practices and removes impediments C. Write all the code for the Increment D. Approve the Definition of Done Answer: B Explanation: The Scrum Master serves the team by coaching, facilitating events, and helping eliminate obstacles that hinder progress. Question 33. Which artifact provides a single source of truth for what the team will deliver in the upcoming Sprint? A) Product Backlog B. Sprint Backlog C. Increment D. Definition of Done
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Answer: B Explanation: The Sprint Backlog contains the selected Product Backlog items and the plan for delivering them during the Sprint. Question 34. The Product Goal is A) The objective for the current Sprint only B) A long‑term objective that guides the Product Backlog’s evolution C. The list of tasks for each Developer D. The definition of “Done” for the Increment Answer: B Explanation: The Product Goal provides a vision for the product’s future, helping the Product Owner order backlog items toward that objective. Question 35. Which statement best reflects the purpose of the Sprint Goal? A) To list all user stories in the Sprint B) To provide a shared objective that guides the Development work during the Sprint C) To replace the Definition of Done D) To assign roles within the team Answer: B Explanation: The Sprint Goal unites the Developers around a common purpose, allowing flexibility in how they achieve it. Question 36. In Scrum, the Increment must be A) Potentially releasable and meet the Definition of Done
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Explanation: Self‑organization means the Developers collectively determine the best way to meet the Sprint Goal, adapting processes as needed. Question 39. A Scrum Team notices that the Definition of Done is too vague, causing rework. What should they do? A. Ignore the issue and continue B. Update the DoD collaboratively during the Sprint Retrospective to make it clearer C. Ask the Product Owner to write code D. Extend the Sprint length Answer: B Explanation: The team can refine the DoD in the Retrospective, ensuring a clear, shared understanding of “Done” for future Increments. Question 40. Which practice helps a Scrum Team keep technical debt visible? A. Adding “Technical Debt” items to the Product Backlog and estimating them like any other work B. Hiding debt in a separate spreadsheet C. Only discussing debt during annual reviews D. Deleting debt items after a release Answer: A Explanation: Treating technical debt as backlog items makes it transparent, prioritized, and actionable. Question 41. In the context of Agile architecture, “just‑enough” design means
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A. Completing all architectural diagrams before coding starts B. Designing only what is necessary to support current requirements while remaining adaptable C. Ignoring architecture altogether D. Using a single design pattern for the whole system Answer: B Explanation: “Just‑enough” design avoids over‑engineering, delivering sufficient architecture to meet immediate needs while staying flexible. Question 42. Which statement best describes the role of the Product Owner during Sprint Review? A. To assign tasks to Developers B. To facilitate the demonstration of the Increment and gather feedback from stakeholders C. To write unit tests for the Increment D. To approve the Sprint Retrospective agenda Answer: B Explanation: The Product Owner leads the review, presenting the Increment, discussing what was done, and collecting stakeholder input. Question 43. A Developer discovers a blocker that prevents progress on a backlog item. What is the most appropriate action? A. Keep working on something else without informing anyone B. Raise the impediment immediately in the Daily Scrum so the Scrum Master can help remove it C. Wait until the end of the Sprint to mention it
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Explanation: Vertical slicing creates thin, functional increments that can be completed within a Sprint, supporting incremental delivery. Question 46. During a Sprint, a Developer refactors a module to improve readability. This activity is A. Not allowed because it does not add new functionality B. Allowed if it is part of the Sprint Backlog or helps meet the Definition of Done C. Only permissible after the Sprint Review D. Considered a separate Sprint Answer: B Explanation: Refactoring that improves quality and aligns with DoD is acceptable within the Sprint, provided it is planned or does not jeopardize the Sprint Goal. Question 47. Which of the following best illustrates the “Focus” Scrum value? A. Working on multiple unrelated projects simultaneously B. Concentrating on achieving the Sprint Goal and limiting work in progress C. Changing the Sprint Goal daily D. Allowing stakeholders to add items at any time Answer: B Explanation: Focus encourages the team to keep attention on the Sprint Goal and avoid multitasking that dilutes effort. Question 48. The Scrum Master notices that the team consistently misses the Sprint Goal. Which is the most constructive first step?
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A. Blame the Developers for poor performance B. Facilitate a Sprint Retrospective to explore root causes and adapt processes C. Cancel the next Sprint D. Increase the Sprint length Answer: B Explanation: A Retrospective provides a safe space to inspect why goals are missed and to create improvement actions. Question 49. Which statement describes “Definition of Ready” (DoR) in Scrum? A. A mandatory artifact defined by the Scrum Guide B. A shared understanding that a Product Backlog item is sufficiently refined to be selected for a Sprint C. The same as the Definition of Done D. Only used by the Scrum Master Answer: B Explanation: While not compulsory, many teams adopt a DoR to ensure backlog items are clear, sized, and testable before Sprint Planning. Question 50. In Test‑Driven Development, the “Refactor” step primarily aims to A. Add new features without testing B. Improve code structure while keeping all tests passing C. Delete all existing tests D. Change the user interface
