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Psychology Study: Rorschach, Word Association, Thematic Apperception, and Behavior Assessm, Exams of Psychology

A.T. Still University of Health Sciences (ATSU)Psychology

A comprehensive review of various psychological assessment methods, including the rorschach test, word association test, thematic apperception test, and behavioral assessment. It covers topics such as reliability, validity, inter-rater reliability, and psychometric soundness. The document also discusses the use of projective tests, unobtrusive measures, and the role of self-image in psychological assessments.

Typology: Exams

2023/2024

Available from 05/26/2024

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Personality Assessment Methods
1. In one study of 105 Vietnam War veterans with chronic PTSD, the subjects were asked to keep a
sleep diary over the course of six weeks. According to your text, the researchers found that shorter
duration of sleep was correlated with
A. length of service in Vietnam
B. degree of post-service adjustment.
C. depth of co-morbid depression.
D. severity of PTSD. -
ANSWER: d
2. In order to calculate the number of cigarettes the number of cigarettes that the subjects in a stop-
smoking study are smoking, the most practical method typically entails
A. behavioral observation.
B. self-report by individual subjects.
C. experimenter diary-keeping.
D. analogue recall. -
ANSWER: b
3. Although phallometric data have increasingly been introduced into evidence in American and
Canadian courts, concerns have been raised about the ___ of such data.
A. reliability and validity
B. utility
C. reliability and validity and utility
D. None of these -
ANSWER: a
4. Although widely acknowledged to be of value in monitoring the progress in treatment of sex
offenders, the value of phallometric data in criminal proceedings is
A. less straightforward.
B. far more well-documented.
C. undisputed by experts.
D. only accepted into evidence in the Dominican Republic. -
ANSWER: a
5. An inherent problem with phallometric methods is that the defendant's self-interest co-exists with a
well-documented ability of the assessee to
A. "fake good."
B. do the best they can on the task.
C. purposely fail the task.
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Personality Assessment Methods

  1. In one study of 105 Vietnam War veterans with chronic PTSD, the subjects were asked to keep a sleep diary over the course of six weeks. According to your text, the researchers found that shorter duration of sleep was correlated with A. length of service in Vietnam B. degree of post-service adjustment. C. depth of co-morbid depression. D. severity of PTSD. - ANSWER: d
  2. In order to calculate the number of cigarettes the number of cigarettes that the subjects in a stop- smoking study are smoking, the most practical method typically entails A. behavioral observation. B. self-report by individual subjects. C. experimenter diary-keeping. D. analogue recall. - ANSWER: b
  3. Although phallometric data have increasingly been introduced into evidence in American and Canadian courts, concerns have been raised about the ___ of such data. A. reliability and validity B. utility C. reliability and validity and utility D. None of these - ANSWER: a
  4. Although widely acknowledged to be of value in monitoring the progress in treatment of sex offenders, the value of phallometric data in criminal proceedings is A. less straightforward. B. far more well-documented. C. undisputed by experts. D. only accepted into evidence in the Dominican Republic. - ANSWER: a
  5. An inherent problem with phallometric methods is that the defendant's self-interest co-exists with a well-documented ability of the assessee to A. "fake good." B. do the best they can on the task. C. purposely fail the task.

D. be first to finish the task. - ANSWER: a

  1. The lack of standardization in phallometrics is due in part to A. a plethora of scoring systems. B. a plethora of methodologies. C. both a plethora of scoring systems and a plethora of methodologies. D. None of these - ANSWER: c
  2. Woods and Anderson (2016) are among those researchers working to find common ground between behavioral conceptualizations of psychopathology and ____ conceptualizations. A. DSM- B. biopsychosocial C. medical-modeled D. person-centered - ANSWER: a
  3. The research of Carla Sharp and her colleagues suggest that there may come a day when clinicians discuss general (g) and specific (s) factors in personality disorders in a way that is analogous to current discussions of g and s with respect to A. biopsychosocial aspects of depression. B. neuropsychological disorders. C. intelligence. D. personality in general. - ANSWER: c
  4. According to Sheets & Craighead (2007) what is the short answer to the question? "How useful is a DSM diagnosis?" A. "Not very." B. "Pretty good." C. "Very good." D. "Nothing better." - ANSWER: a
  5. With regard to a DSM diagnosis of a personality disorder, Widiger & Trull (2007) opined that such disorders may more usefully be conceived and diagnosed A. as psychopathology on a continuum. B. as a dimension of psychopathology. C. both as psychopathology on a continuum and as a dimension of psychopathology. D. in a way that de-pathologize it. - ANSWER: c
  1. In the Sharp et al. (2015) study, in order to determine if a subject met the criteria for borderline personality disorder, a clinician would interview the patient and determine that ____ of the 9 diagnostic criteria had been met. A. at least 5 B. at least 6 C. no more than 8 D. all 9 - ANSWER: a
  2. In the Sharp et al. (2015) study, in order for a patient to meet the criteria for borderline personality disorder, the symptoms must A. have been present in a variety of settings. B. have been present for at least two years. C. not have been better explained by any other disorder. D. All of these - ANSWER: d
  3. How many patients constituted the sample in the Sharp et al. (2015) study? A. nearly 100 B. nearly 500 C. nearly 1, D. nearly 1,500 - ANSWER: c
  4. On the basis of their factor-analytic study, Sharp et al. (2015) concluded that the nine criteria for borderline personality loaded most strongly, and virtually exclusively, on the A. general (g) factor, with little trace of s (the specific factor) to be found. B. specific (s) factor, with little trace of g (the general factor) to be found. C. error (e) factor, with roughly equivalent traces of the general (g) and specific (s) factors. D. specific (s) factor, with roughly equivalent traces of the general (g) and error (e) factors. - ANSWER: a
  5. Sharp et al. (2015) interpreted their findings as suggesting that borderline personality disorder A. is in many ways analogous to the specific (s) factor in conceptualizations of intelligence. B. represents the core features of personality pathology in general. C. is a much less severe disorder than previously thought. D. has elemental features unique from other personality disorders. - ANSWER: b
  6. The limitations of the Sharp et al. (2015) study that were cited in your textbook included the fact that A. It focused exclusively on the six personality disorders that are described in Section II of the DSM. B. It did not focus on the ten personality disorders described in Section II of the DSM.

C. It used an inpatient sample of subject, thus limiting the generalizability of the findings. D. All of these - ANSWER: d

  1. In 2011, the Rorschach Performance Assessment System (R-PAS) was published. The R-PAS was characterized by its authors as A. "a means of systematically observing and measuring personality in action." B. "a new conceptualization of a proven projective method." C. "a method for developing novel clinical hypotheses." D. "a combination of evidence-based insights applied to an iconic projective method." - ANSWER: a
  2. All of the following are true about the Rorschach Performance Assessment System (R-PAS) EXCEPT A. According to its authors, it was created to compete with Exner's Comprehensive System. B. According to its authors, it is supplemented by an online scoring program that calculates summary scores. C. The R-PAS manual contains detailed instructions for administering the Rorschach. D. The R-PAS manual contains detailed instructions for coding Rorschach responses. - ANSWER: a
  3. Monica Webb Hooper, the professional featured in Chapter 12's Meet an Assessment Professional, holds a Ph.D. in _____ psychology, with a specialization in health psychology. A. social B. developmental C. clinical D. organizational - ANSWER: c
  4. Various research studies conducted by Dr. Monica Webb Hooper touch on all of the following EXCEPT A. social psychology. B. public health. C. psychoanalytic psychology. D. biobehavioral oncology. - ANSWER: c
  5. According to Dr. Monica Webb Hooper, assessment is a critical component of research because it A. is a common thread in past and present research, as well as research yet to be devised. B. is only through rigorous measurement that variables targeted in research may be operationalized, quantified, and ultimately, evaluated meaningfully. C. is only through rigorous measurement that changes in specified behaviors can be meaningfully gauged. D. All of these -
  1. Objective tests of personality have in common with many objective tests of achievement the fact that items on the test A. typically contain only one correct answer. B. can be scored by machine, by computer, or online. C. have a sound grounding in theory. D. All of these - ANSWER: b
  2. As concluded in Chapter 12, the semantic distinction between objective and projective tests A. is meaningful, especially as it relates to the content of the items. B. should be abandoned because there is really no difference between them. C. is only meaningful to the extent that each relies heavily on self-report. D. has meaning insofar as the mechanisms typically used for scoring. - ANSWER: d
  3. An early projective test used _____ as projective stimuli. A. clouds B. water C. spilled milk D. symbols for astrological signs - ANSWER: a
  4. Projective instruments were originally developed in a spirit of rebellion against norm-referenced instruments. Today, projective instruments A. remain independent of norms. B. are either developed or converted to be norm-referenced. C. are rebelling yet again, this time from the constraints of cultural sensitivity. D. are the clinician's first choice to evaluate rebelliousness. - ANSWER: b
  5. Hermann Rorschach developed a test he called A. the Rorschach Inkblot Test. B. the Object Discrimination Exercise. C. the Form Interpretation Test. D. Psychodiagnostics. - ANSWER: c
  6. An element of a Rorschach administration is termed the inquiry. This term BEST refers to A. all questions asked by the examiner. B. the investigative process of the examiner. C. the process of clarifying the original response. D. the process of asking and then re-raising questions. - ANSWER: c
  1. Which of the following is NOT a category mentioned in the text by which a Rorschach response could be scored? A. Color B. Popularity C. Content D. Clarity - ANSWER: d
  2. John E. Exner, Jr. A. was the founding curator of the Hermann Rorschach Museum and Archives. B. created a Rorschach scoring system that he called "the comprehensive system." C. authored a book that reviewed several Rorschach scoring systems. D. All of these - ANSWER: d
  3. In an effort to address longstanding criticisms related to the psychometric soundness of the Rorschach test, ________ created another inkblot test. A. Wayne Holtzman B. David Rapaport C. Carl Jung D. Hans Behn-Eschenburg - ANSWER: a
  4. Complete this Arthur Jensen quote: "The rate of scientific progress in clinical psychology might well be measured by the speed and thoroughness with which _____ A. it accepts tests like the Rorschach." B. it rejects projective techniques as unreliable and invalid." C. it gets over the Rorschach." D. it understands the need for normed projective measures." - ASNWER: c
  5. In 1907, an early study using pictures as projective stimuli for storytelling found differences as a function of A. religion. B. gender. C. age. D. race. - ANSWER: b
  6. The packaged set of TAT cards is published with _____ cards in the set. A. 18
  1. Each item of the Rotter Incomplete Sentences Blank is scored on a 7-point scale with points ranging from A. "typical" to "atypical." B. "in harmony with the world" to "danger to oneself and others." C. "need for therapy" to "extremely good adjustment." D. None of these - ANSWER: c
  2. A device that could be characterized as "auditory inkblots" was developed by A. Carl Rogers. B. B. F. Skinner. C. Harry Stack Sullivan. D. Wayne Holtzman. - ANSWER: b
  3. According to Karen Machover on the interpretation of data derived from a Draw-A-Person test, the person drawn represents the person doing the drawing. Additionally, the paper on which the figure is drawn represents A. the environment. B. the individual's superego. C. the individual's dreams and aspirations. D. reality demands. - ANSWER: a
  4. Scott Lilienfeld and Bernard Murstein A. have both argued in favor of projective techniques. B. have both written critiques of projective techniques. C. are on opposing sides when it comes to projective techniques. D. served as consultants in the development of the TAT. - ANSWER: b
  5. Questioning the utility of the projective/objective distinction, Weiner proposed that the dichotomy be changed to one labeled A. personally invested versus personally distanced. B. transparent versus obscured. C. ambiguous versus unambiguous. D. structured versus unstructured. - ANSWER: d
  6. Sign is to sample, as traditional is to A. objective. B. projective. C. behavioral.

D. None of these - ANSWER: c

  1. Timeline-followback procedure is to ecological momentary assessment, as past is to A. present. B. antecedent. C. consequence. D. the "there and then." - ANSWER: a
  2. The timeline-followback procedure is essentially a behavioral record A. of the "here and now." B. that gauges duration. C. of the past. D. that is future-oriented. - ANSWER: c
  3. Ecological momentary assessment is essentially a behavioral record A. of the "here and now." B. that gauges duration. C. that entails verbal input. D. that is future-oriented. - ANSWER: a
  4. To what extent are traditional psychometric standards applicable to behavioral assessment? According to your textbook, A. Cone argued that reliability and validity were both relevant.B. Cone argued that reliability and validity were both not relevant.C. Bellak and Hersen argued that reliability and validity were both relevant. D. All of these - ANSWER: d
  5. According to Emanuel Hammer, people project their self-image or self-concept in A. figure drawings. B. paintings. C. dreams. D. All of these. - ANSWER: d
  6. The oracle-like, clinical orientation has been characterized as the third ear approach. According to your textbook, this orientation has been replaced by what might be termed A. the El Greco approach. B. the van Gogh approach.

B. Behavioral assessment can provide behavioral baseline data. C. Behavioral assessment can provide a record of the assessee's behavioral strengths and weaknesses across a variety of situations. D. Behavioral assessment can be used to pinpoint environmental conditions that are acting to trigger, maintain, or extinguish certain behaviors. - ANSWER: a

  1. Self-monitoring differs from self-report because in self-monitoring A. it is up to the assessee to decide what to report. B. behaviors are recorded at the time and place in which they occur. C. the responses are not recorded. D. the assessee records all the relevant behaviors but reports to the evaluator only selectively. - ANSWER: b
  2. Self-monitoring can be both a method of data collection and A. a type of projective instrument. B. an intervention itself. C. a means of watching oneself on closed circuit television. D. a method of increasing the generalizability of findings. - ANSWER: b
  3. Differences between traditional and behavioral approaches to psychological assessment include the fact that A. in traditional approaches to assessment, data is typically used to diagnose and classify, while in behavioral approaches, assessment data is used to describe targeted behaviors and maintaining conditions, usually for the purpose of selecting specific therapeutic techniques and then tracking response to therapeutic intervention. B. traditional approaches to assessment are more likely to evaluate the traits and states of the individual (collectively referred to as "personality"), while behavioral assessment is more likely to focus attention on the conditions in the environment that were instrumental in establishing a targeted behavior, as well as the environmental conditions that are currently maintaining the behavior. C. rather than drawing inferences about personality from samples of behavior (as in t - ANSWER: d
  4. Projective tests are BEST characterized as _____ methods of personality assessment. A. indirect B. futile C. objective D. behavioral - ANSWER: a
  5. Projective tests

A. are direct methods of personality assessment. B. place great verbal demands on the test-taker. C. are relatively unstructured techniques. D. All of these - ANSWER: c

  1. Projective drawing expert Emanuel Hammer identified certain commonalities in the features of figure drawings rendered by persons from certain diagnostic groups. For example, Hammer noted that in the figure drawings of males who had raped women, commonalities included A. simian-like arms. B. exaggerated shoulders. C. an inflated chest. D. All of these - ANSWER: d
  2. In your textbook, prominent differences can be observed between the example of a figure drawing produced by a rapist and the one produced by a pedophile. The most prominent difference was in the A. size of the figure. B. details of the rendering of the genitalia. C. documented comments made by the offender during the test administration. D. the number of additional people introduced into the drawing. - ANSWER: a
  3. For projective drawing expert Emanuel Hammer, a prominent feature of the figure drawings of male pedophiles is A. the introduction of a second person in the drawing. B. the powerful arms exhibited by the person drawn. C. an overall sense of inadequacy or immaturity. D. comments made by the offender while drawing. - ANSWER: c
  4. In recent years, projective tests have A. increasingly been criticized for being culturally loaded. B. increasingly become norm-referenced. C. attempted to tap less and less unconscious content. D. None of these - ANSWER: b
  5. The assumption that individuals provide structure to unstructured stimuli in a manner consistent with their individual needs, conflicts, and impulses is known as A. the psychoanalytic concept of repression. B. the stimulus-response hypothesis. C. the defense mechanism of denial. D. the projective hypothesis. -

B. obtain additional information about stimuli that played a role in formulating the percept. C. to give the examiner the opportunity for verbal interaction with the subject. D. to provide extended time for observing the subject under the stress of having to recall initial responses. - ANSWER: b

  1. When the Rorschach test is scored, A. it is important to note whether the individual responds to part of the inkblot or to the entire card. B. the content of the response is of greater diagnostic value than the location cited in forming the perception. C. only subjective clinical judgment is utilized, since no scoring or interpretive guidelines are available. D. the creativity of the assessee's responses will be a key determinant of the test user's vocational recommendations. - ANSWER: a
  2. Which statement is TRUE regarding the reliability of the Rorschach test? A. The split-half method appears to be a more feasible method for assessing reliability than test-retest procedures. B. The Journal of Personality Assessment has published numerous studies attesting to the high split- half reliability of the Rorschach. C. Published data demonstrate the potential reliability of Rorschach scoring but do not assure that Rorschach protocols are always reliably scored. D. Inter-scorer reliability has been shown to be much higher among expert Rorschach users who also have access to background information on the examinee. - ANSWER: c
  3. With respect to inter-scorer agreement on the Rorschach, which statement is TRUE? A. Unacceptably low levels of inter-scorer reliability on basic scoring categories among trained scorers has been observed, even for specific scoring systems. B. Inter-scorer reliability with respect to final interpretations made from Rorschach protocols tend to be significantly higher than inter-scorer reliabilities for individual scoring categories. C. The highest degree of inter-scorer agreement generally occurs for the determinants of form and movement. D. Agreement with respect to how specific responses should be scored according to a certain scoring system does not necessarily imply agreement on the interpretation of a Rorschach protocol. - ANSWER: d
  4. Assessing the reliability of the Rorschach using the split-half method is inappropriate because A. there are too few inkblots to enable interpretation through the split-half method. B. stimulus cards are presented twice and possibly three times. C. responses by subjects may be too lengthy to adapt to split-half procedures. D. each inkblot is considered to have a unique stimulus quality. - ANSWER: d
  1. Debate over the validity of the Rorschach has stemmed from inconclusive results of research examining A. the predictive validity of the Rorschach. B. the effectiveness of the Rorschach in differentiating between clinical groups. C. the interpretation of Rorschach responses. D. All of these - ANSWER: d
  2. The Rorschach test A. continues to be a widely used clinical tool, despite its questionable validity. B. is taught in graduate psychology programs but is seldom used in professional practice. C. is neither widely taught in graduate psychology programs nor widely used in professional practice. D. ceased to be published in 2011. - ANSWER: a
  3. Exner's Comprehensive System for scoring the Rorschach test A. was the system endorsed by Hermann Rorschach himself. B. was extensively studied and found to be unreliable. C. is the product of a joint collaboration by psychologists from around the world. D. is an attempt to integrate the best features of various scoring systems. - ANSWER: d
  4. Exner's Comprehensive System for scoring the Rorschach test A. results in some scoring categories that are deemed unreliable, but only because these categories are sensitive to the present state of the respondent. B. has been found to be more reliable for research use than for use with clinical populations of multicultural origin. C. has been heavily criticized for being standardized only on populations with psychiatric disorders that have a low prevalence. D. was initially conceived as part of an all-consuming, "last ditch effort" to keep the Exner's from having members of the Myers-Briggs clan as in-laws. - ANSWER: a
  5. Of the following projective tests, which is the MOST widely used? A. the Draw-A-Person Test B. the Holtzman Inkblot Test C. the Thematic Apperception Test D. the Rorschach Inkblot Test - ANSWER: d
  6. Of the following projective picture-story telling tests, which is the MOST widely used? A. The Thematic Apperception Test. B. The Make-a-Picture Story Method.

B. Wundt. C. Galton. D. Jung. - ANSWER: c

  1. The use of words as projective stimuli is based on which assumption? A. Words are inherently emotionally charged and therefore a good source of psychological data. B. Associations to words are chance happenings. C. Word associations are the result of the individual's life experiences and personality. D. Word associations exhibit high test-retest reliability. - ANSWER: c
  2. Sentence completion tests A. are based predominantly on cognitive theories of personality. B. usually have a high degree of face validity. C. are not vulnerable to "faking." D. All of these - ANSWER: b
  3. Figure-drawing tests A. provide little opportunity for respondents to verbalize what they think of the drawings. B. may be affected by the drawing ability of the testtaker. C. are not scored by means of any formal scoring system. D. None of these - ANSWER: b
  4. When interpretations about personality are derived from analysis of figure drawings A. emphasis is placed on the artistic skill of the drawer. B. the most critical variable is the length of time required to complete the drawing. C. nationally representative standardization samples are frequently used. D. None of these - ANSWER: d
  5. Different testtakers may evidence similarities in response themes to the same projective stimuli. This fact has been used by critics of projective techniques to support which argument? A. There is a commonality of response to projective material. B. Responses to projective material are the result of stimulus-response models of behavior. C. Projective material is not as ambiguous as proponents claim. D. Multiple-choice tests must be used with projective methods if accurate interpretations are to result. - ANSWER: c
  6. Murstein questioned which of the following assumptions concerning projective methods? A. The more ambiguous the stimuli, the more the subject reveals.

B. Subjects are unaware of what they are disclosing. C. There is a parallel between behavior obtained on a projective test and behavior displayed in social situations. D. All of these - ANSWER: d

  1. Critics have attacked projective tests for all of the reasons listed below EXCEPT which of these? A. the assumptions inherent in the use of projective tests. B. the situational variables that affect projective test results. C. the low reliability of projective tests. D. difficulties in administering projective tests. - ANSWER: d
  2. Which statement is TRUE regarding projective techniques in general? A. There is a direct and positive correlation between the ambiguity of the stimuli and the amount of information the subject reveals about his or her personality. B. Projective techniques continue to enjoy widespread clinical acceptance despite their questionable psychometric soundness. C. Projection has been shown to be greater for stimulus material that is familiar to the subject. D. Projection on a grand scale has been referred to by clinicians as "IMAX projection." - ANSWER: b
  3. The assumption that individuals will supply structure to unstructured stimuli in a manner consistent with their own conscious and unconscious concerns underlies the A. projectile hypothesis. B. subjective hypothesis. C. projective hypothesis. D. Skinnerian hypothesis. - ANSWER: c
  4. When interpreting a person's response to an inkblot test, it is important to interpret A. only what the individual perceives in the blot. B. what the individual perceives in the blot and how he or she perceives it. C. whether or not the test user would have responded in the same way. D. All of these - ANSWER: b
  5. Scoring criteria for the Rorschach include A. accuracy, content, determinants, form, and popularity. B. accuracy, polarity, reliability, and validity. C. content, form, reliability, and validity. D. content, determinants, form, location, and popularity. - ANSWER: d