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Pharmacology of Analgesics: Non-opioid, Opioid,
and Pain Management Strategies Exam |
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Latest Update 2026
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What are the two main categories of analgesics?
Non-opioid analgesics and opioid analgesics.
What is breakthrough pain? Pain that is severe and 'breaking through' existing efforts to treat pain.
What should always be considered as the first line of treatment for pain?
Non-pharmacological methods.
Name three non-pharmacological methods for treating pain.
Regular stretching, massage, and cognitive behavioral therapy.
What is acetaminophen commonly known as in the U.S.?
Tylenol.
What is the maximum recommended dose of Tylenol for adults?
4 grams per 24 hours.
What is a significant risk associated with high doses of Tylenol?
Acute liver injury and failure.
What enzymes do NSAIDs like Aspirin block?
Cox1 and Cox2 enzymes.
Why should Aspirin not be given to children under 18?
Due to the risk of Reye's Syndrome.
What are the initial symptoms of Reye's Syndrome?
Diarrhea, rapid breathing, vomiting, and lethargy.
What is a common side effect of NSAIDs?
Gastrointestinal ulcers and bleeding.
What is the prototype opioid? Morphine.
What is a major risk associated with opioid use?
Respiratory depression.
What is Narcan (Naloxone) used for? To reverse opioid overdoses.
What effect do opioids have on pain perception?
They decrease the perception of pain by attaching to dopamine receptors.
