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PHLEBOTOMY MODULE 1 - PHLEBOTOMY
FUNDAMENTALS, PHLEBOTOMY MODULE
2 - SAFETY AND COMPLIANCE 100%
VERIFIED STUDY SET
BLOOD, URINE, SPUTUM
SPECIMENS A PHLEBOTOMIST CAN COLLECT
HEART
- ROUGHLY THE SIZE OF A PATIENT'S FIST
- SITS IN THE CENTER OF CHEST; VERTICALLY BETWEEN THE SECOND AND SIXTH RIBS
PERICARDIUM
MEMBRANE SURROUNDING THE HEART
EPICARDIUM
OUTERMOST LAYER OF THE HEART
MYOCARDIUM
THICK MIDDLE MUSCLE LAYER OF THE HEART
ENDOCARDIUM
INNER LINING OF THE HEART
NORMAL ADULT HEART RATE
60 - 100 BPM
SUPERIOR VENA CAVA
RECEIVES DEOXYGENATED BLOOD FROM THE HEAD AND ARMS AND CHEST AND EMPTIES
INTO THE RIGHT ATRIUM OF THE HEART
INFERIOR VENA CAVA
RECEIVES DEOXYGENATED BLOOD FROM LOWER LIMBS AND ABDOMINAL ORGANS AND
EMPTIES INTO THE POSTERIOR PART OF THE RIGHT ATRIUM OF THE HEART
RIGHT ATRIUM
THE RIGHT UPPER CHAMBER OF THE HEART THAT RECEIVES DEOXYGENATED BLOOD FROM
THE BODY
TRICUSPID VALVE
A VALVE THAT IS SITUATED AT THE OPENING OF THE RIGHT ATRIUM OF THE HEART INTO THE
RIGHT VENTRICLE AND THAT RESEMBLES THE MITRAL VALVE IN STRUCTURE BUT CONSISTS
OF THREE TRIANGULAR MEMBRANOUS FLAPS.
RIGHT VENTRICLE
THE RIGHT LOWER CHAMBER OF THE HEART THAT PUMPS DEOXYGENATED BLOOD TO THE
LUNGS
PULMONARY VALVE
VALVE POSITIONED BETWEEN THE RIGHT VENTRICLE AND THE PULMONARY ARTERY
PULMONARY ARTERY
THE ARTERY CARRYING DEOXYGENATED BLOOD FROM THE RIGHT VENTRICLE OF THE HEART
TO THE LUNGS FOR OXYGENATION.
PULMONARY VEINS
A VEIN CARRYING OXYGENATED BLOOD FROM THE LUNGS TO THE LEFT ATRIUM OF THE
HEART.
LEFT ATRIUM
THE LEFT UPPER CHAMBER THAT RECEIVES OXYGENATED BLOOD FROM THE LUNGS
BICUSPID VALVE
(MITRAL VALVE) BETWEEN LEFT ATRIUM AND LEFT VENTRICLE
LEFT VENTRICLE
AV NODE (ATRIOVENTRICULAR NODE)
- LOCATED AT THE JUNCTION OF THE ATRIA AND VENTRICLES
- TRANSMITS THE ELECTRICAL SIGNAL TO THE BUNDLE OF HIS FOLLOWING ATRIAL
CONTRACTION
- PAUSES THE IMPULSE LONG ENOUGH TO LET THE BLOOD EMPTY FROM THE ATRIA
BUNDLE OF HIS
- SITS BETWEEN THE RIGHT AND LEFT VENTRICLES
- HAS TWO BUNDLE BRANCHES (RIGHT AND LEFT)
PURKINJE FIBERS
FIBERS IN THE VENTRICLES THAT TRANSMIT IMPULSES TO THE RIGHT AND LEFT VENTRICLES,
CAUSING THEM TO CONTRACT
OSMOSIS
DIFFUSION OF WATER THROUGH A SEMIPERMEABLE MEMBRANE
DIFFUSION
THE MOVEMENT OF A SUBSTANCE FROM AND AREA OF HIGH CONCENTRATION TO AN AREA
OF LOW CONCENTRATION
FILTRATION
A PROCESS THAT SEPARATES SUBSTANCES BY FORCING THEM THROUGH A MEMBRANE
ELECTROLYTE
A CHEMICAL SUBSTANCE THAT DEVELOPS AN ELECTRICAL CHARGE AND CAN CONDUCT AN
ELECTRICAL CURRENT WHEN PLACED IN WATER
HORMONE
A CHEMICAL A CELL PRODUCES THAT AFFECTS THE FUNCTIONS OF OTHER CELLS
ANTIBODY
A TYPE OF PROTEIN THE IMMUNE SYSTEM PRODUCES TO NEUTRALIZE A THREAT OF SOME
KIND
EXCRETE
ELIMINATE
FIBRINOGEN
A PLASMA PROTEIN THAT CONVERTS INTO FIBRIN TO FORM A CLOT DURING BLEEDING
ARTERIES
CARRY FRESHLY OXYGENATED BLOOD TO THE BODY, WITH THE EXCEPTION OF THE
PULMONARY ARTERIES
CORONARY ARTERIES
SUPPLY OXYGEN AND NUTRIENT RICH BLOOD TO THE HEART MUSCLE
FEMORAL ARTERIES
SUPPLY OXYGEN AND NUTRIENT RICH BLOOD TO LOWER EXTREMITIES
VEINS
- CARRY DEOXYGENATED BLOOD FROM THE BODY BACK O THE HEART
JUGULAR VEIN
RETURNS DEOXYGENATED BLOOD FROM THE HEAD AND NECK TO THE HEART
SAPHENOUS VEINS
RETURNS DEOXYGENATED BLOOD FROM THE LOWER EXTREMITIES TO THE HEART
CAPILLARIES
- PERMEABLE AND FUNCTION AS EXCHANGE VESSELS
- WHERE OXYGEN AND NUTRIENTS MOVE INTO A BODY CELL FROM A CAPILLARY
- CARBON DIOXIDE AND OTHER BODY WASTES MOVE INTO A CAPILLARY FROM BODY CELLS
SUBSTANCES TRANSPORTED BY BLOOD
- RH POSITIVE OR RH NEGATIVE
- THE PRESENCE OR ABSENCE OF THE A AND B ANTIGENS DETERMINES THE TYPE
TYPE A BLOOD
A ANTIGENS AND ANTI-B ANTIBODIES
TYPE B BLOOD
B ANTIGENS AND ANTI-A ANTIBODIES
TYPE AB BLOOD
- A AND B ANTIGENS AND NO ANTIBODIES
- UNIVERSAL RECIPIENT
- RAREST BLOOD TYPE
TYPE O BLOOD
- NO ANTIGENS, A AND B ANTIBODIES
- UNIVERSAL DONOR
- MOST COMMON BLOOD TYPE
BONE MARROW
THE SOFT TISSUE INSIDE BONES THAT PRODUCES BLOOD-FORMING CELLS
ANTIGEN
ANY SUBSTANCE CAPABLE OF INDUCING A SPECIFIC IMMUNE RESPONSE AND TRIGGERING
THE PRODUCTION OF AN ANTIBODY SPECIFIC TO THAT SUBSTANCE
COAGULATION
THE PROCESS BY WHICH A CLOT FORMS IN THE BLOOD
PHASES OF COAGULATION
1. VASCULAR PHASE (INJURED VESSEL NARROWS)
2. PLATELET PHASE (BLOOD CELLS CLUMP AND ATTACH THEMSELVES TO THE INJURED
PORTION)
3. COAGULATION PHASE (COMPLICATED PROCESS INVOLVING FIBRINOGEN, CALCIUM, AND
CLOTTING FACTOR)
4. CLOT RETRACTION (BLOOD CLOT SHRINKS TO BRING THE EDGES OF THE TEAR CLOSER
TOGETHER TO HEAL)
5. FIBRINOLYSIS (BREAKS UP AND DISSOLVES THE CLOT AS OTHER CELLS COMPLETE THE
REPAIR)
DIRECT PRESSURE
ASSISTS IN THE COAGULATION PROCESS BY SLOWING THE FLOW OF BLOOD AND
CONSTRICTING THE VESSEL
COMMUNICATION CYCLE
- SENDER DEVELOPS MESSAGE
- SENDER ENCODES MESSAGE IN TRANSLATBALE FORMAT
- SENDER TRANSMITS MESSAGE (ORAL, WRITTEN...)
- RECEIVER DECODES THE MESSAGE
- RECEIVER CONVERTS MESSAGE INTO UNDERSTANDING
- FEEDBACK
ANALYTICAL COMMUNICATOR
PREFERS TO WORK WITH REAL NUMBERS, FACTS, AND DATA, AND PLACES VERY LITTLE
EMPHASIS ON FEELINGS OR EMOTIONS
INTUITIVE COMMUNICATOR
- PREFER TO LOOK AT THE BIG PICTURE
- CAN RESULT IN MORE QUESTIONS THAN ANSWERS
FUNCTIONAL COMMUNICATOR
PREFER AN ORGANIZED APPROACH WITH TIMELINES AND DETAILED PLANS, USING A STEP-
BY-STEP METHOD TO SOLVE PROBLEMS AND COMMUNICATE INFORMATION
PERSONAL COMMUNICATORS
- ENCOURAGING PATIENTS TO COMMUNICATE THEIR FEELINGS
- LISTENING TO THEIR VIEWPOINTS
- HELPING TO SOLVE PROBLEMS
VIRUS
A MICRO-ORGANSIM THAT CAUSES INFECTIONS AND DISEASES
BACTERIUM
A SINGLE-CELL MICRO-ORGANISM THAT REPRODUCES RAPIDLY AND CAUSES MANY
INFECTIONS
FUNGUS
A MICRO-ORGANISM THAT GROWS ON OR IN ANIMALS, PLANTS, HUMANS, AND FOOD
INCLUDING YEASTS AND MOLDS
PROTOZOON
A SINGLE-CELL PARASITE THAT REPLICATES RAPIDLY ONCE INSIDE A LIVING HOST
PH
A MEASURE OF THE ACIDITY OR ALKALINITY OF A SUBSTANCE, WITH A LOW PH INDICATING
ACIDITY AND A HIGH PH INDICATING ALKALINITY
MUCOUS MEMBRANE
THE MOIST INNER LINING OF TUBULAR STRUCTURES INCLUDING THE MOUTH, ESOPHAGUS,
STOMACH, AND INTESTINES
FOMITE
ANY NONLIVING OBJECT OR SUBSTANCE CAPABLE OF CARRYING INFECTIOUS ORGANISMS
IMMUNOCOMPROMISED
HAVING AN IMPAIRED IMMUNE SYSTEM, USUALLY AS A RESULT OF DISEASE, MEDICATION
THERAPY, OR SURGERY
VARICELLA
A VIRAL INFECTION THAT CAUSES A BLISTER-LIKE RASH, ITCHING, FATIGUE, AND FEVER
(CHICKENPOX)
TUBERCULOSIS
A BACTERIAL INFECTION OF THE LUNGS THAT CAUSES FEVER, COUGH, WEIGHT LOSS, CHILLS,
AND NIGHT SWEATS
MEASLES
A VIRUS THAT CAUSES FEVER, COUGH, RUNNY NOSE, BLOTCHY RASH, AND TINY WHITE
SPOTS INSIDE THE MOUTH.
RUBELLA
A VIRUS THAT CAUSES FEVER AND A RASH AND CAN CAUSE SERIOUS HARM TO THE FETUS IF
A PERSON DEVELOPS THE ILLNESS DURING PREGNANCY (GERMAN MEASLES)
MENINGITIS
AN INFECTION OF THE MEMBRANES THAT SURROUND AND PROTECT THE BRAIN AND
SPINAL CORD
HERPES SIMPLEX
A VIRUS THAT CAUSES BLISTERS EITHER AROUND THE MOUTH AND LIPS (COLD SORES) OR
GENITAL AREA
SCABIES
ITCHY SKIN RASH RESULTING FROM MITES BURROWING UNDER THE SKIN
6 LINKS IN THE CHAIN OF INFECTION
1. INFECTIOUS AGENT
2. RESERVOIR
3. PORTAL OF EXIT
4. MODE OF TRANSMISSION
5. PORTAL OF ENTRY
6. SUSCEPTIBLE HOST
EXPAND OR WIDEN
CHEMOTAXIS
THE RELEASE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES
LYMPHADENOPATHY
SWOLLEN LYMPH NODES
ANTIBIOTIC
MEDICATION THAT KILLS BACTERIA
IMMUNE SYSTEM
THE ORGANS AND STRUCTURES THAT REGULATE THE BODY'S RESISTANCE TO DISEASE
ORAL CANDIDIASIS
A FUNGAL INFECTION OF THE MOUTH
MEDICAL ASEPSIS
THE PRACTICE DESIGNED TO REDUCE THE NUMBER AND TRANSFER OF PATHOGENS AS WELL
AS BREAK THE CHAIN OF INFECTION; CLEAN TECHNIQUE
SURGICAL ASEPSIS
COMPLETE REMOVAL OF MICRO-ORGANSIMS AND THEIR SPORES FROM THE SURFACE OF
AN OBJECT
3 STAGES OF INFECTION
- PATHOGENS INVADE
- MEDIATORS ARRIVE
- WBCS ARRIVE
4 TYPES OF INFECTION
- ACUTE
- CHRONIC
- LATENT
- OPPORTUNISTIC
ACUTE INFECTION
COMES ON RAPIDLY, WITH SEVERE BUT SHORT-LIVED EFFECTS
CHRONIC INFECTION
- LINGERS, SOMETIMES FOREVER
- SYMPTOMS MAY NOT LAST FOR LONG PERIODS
- CAN STILL BE TRANSMITTED WITHOUT SYMPTOMS
LATENT INFECTION
PERSISTENT INFECTION WITH RECURRENT SYMPTOMS THAT "COME AND GO"
OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTION
INFECTIONS THAT OCCUR WHEN THE BODY'S DEFENSES ARE WEAKENED
BLOODBORNE PATHOGENS STANDARD
AN OSHA-MANDATED SET OF REQUIREMENTS CONCERNING PROTECTION AGAINST
PATHOGENIC MICRO-ORGANSIMS THAT ARE TRANSMITTED VIA HUMAN BLOOD AND CAUSE
DISEASE IN HUMANS
OSHA
- REGULATES WORKPLACE SAFETY
- OCCUPATIONAL AND SAFETY HEALTH ADMINISTRATION
EXPOSURE CONTROL PLAN
AN OSHA-COMPLIANT PLAN THAT EXPLAINS WAYS TO MINIMIZE OR ELIMINATE EXPOSURE
OF HUMANS TO BLOODBORNE PATHOGENS
PPE
- PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
- ITEMS THAT ARE WORN TO REDUCE EXPOSURE TO POTENTIALLY INFECTIOUS AGENTS
- PURPLE OR LAVENDER
- GREY
DISINFECTANT
A SUBSTANCE THAT HELPS REMOVE HARMFUL MICRO-ORGANISMS FOR SURFACES
QUALITY CONTROL
A MEASURE OF HOW WELL AN INSTRUMENT CAN PRODUCE THE SAME RESULT OVER A
PERIOD OF TIME, THUS ENSURING PRECISION IN LABORATORY TESTING AND ACCURACY IN
TEST RESULTS
CDC
- CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION
- HELPS IDENTIFY AND EDUCATE ABOUT INFECTIONS, ILLNESSES, AND DISEASE PREVENTION
PHI
- PROTECTED HEALTH INFORMATION
- ANY INFORMATION THAT IS DIRECTLY TIED TO A PATIENT
ASSAULT
THE INTENTIONAL CREATION OF APPREHENSION LEADING TO FEAR OF HARM
BATTERY
THE INTENTIONAL TOUCHING OR HANDLING OF A PERSON WITHOUT PERMISSION
HIPPA
- HEALTH INSURANCE PORTABILITY AND ACCOUNTABILITY ACT OF 1996
- DETAILS WHAT PATIENT INFORMATION IS CONFIDENTIAL AS WELL AS ANY AUTHORIZED
RELEASE OF THIS INFORMATION
TECHNIQUES FOR LOCATING A VEIN
WARMING THE AREA, WIPING IT WITH AND ALCOHOL WIPE, LOWERING THE LIMB BELOW
THE LEVEL OF HE PATIENT'S HEART
REASONS TO STOP A BLOOD DRAW
HEMATOMA DEVELOPS, EARLY SIGNS OF SEIZURE, OR LOSS OF CONSCIOUSNESS
QUALITY ASSURANCE
LABORATORY STANDARDS THE CDC ESTABLISHED TO HELP MAINTAIN THE HIGHEST LEVEL OF
TEST ACCURACY POSSIBLE
CLIA-WAVIED
TESTS OF THE LEAST COMPLEXITY TO PERFORM AND WITH A LOW RISK FOR ERROR
BALANCING A CENTRIFUGE
PLACE TUBES OF THE SAME SIZE AND VOLUME IN THE CENTRIFUGE DIRECTLY ACROSS FROM
ONE ANOTHER
NIOSH
NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
QUALITIES FOR A SHARPS CONTAINER ACCORDING TO NIOSH
- FUNCTIONALITY (LEAK & PUNCTURE RESISTANT)
- ACCESSIBILITY ( BE UPRIGHT AND EASY TO OPERATE)
- VISIBILITY (FILL LEVEL & BIOHAZARD SYMBOL CLEARLY VISIBLE)
- ACCOMMODATION (REQUIRE MINIMAL TRAINING)
POST EXPOSURE PROPHYLAXIS
TREATMENT ADMINISTERED TO AN INDIVIDUAL AFTER EXPOSURE TO AN INFECTIOUS
DISEASE TO PREVENT THE DISEASE
REVERSE ISOLATION
PRECAUTION USED FOR INDIVIDUALS WHO ARE IMMUNE-COMPROMISED TO PROTECT
THEM FROM HARMFUL ORGANISMS THAT MAY BE BROUGHT IN FROM OUTSIDE.
BLOOD- ALCOHOL TESTING
PATIENT LYING FLAT WITH THE LEGS ELEVATED APPROXIMATELY 12 INCHES.
CHAIN OF CUSTODY FORM
- RECORD OF ALL THE STEPS THAT TOOK PLACE AND WHO HANDLED THE SPECIMEN
- WRITE THE TIME, DATE, AND CMAKE OF THE COLLECTOR ON THE FORM IN INK AND EVERY
PERSON WHO HANDLES IT
