PHY250L LAB 6 EXAM WORK & CONSERVATION OF ENERGY ACTUAL QUESTIONS & VERIFIED ANSWERS (, Exams of Science education

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PHY250L

LAB 6 EXAM

WORK & CONSERVATION OF ENERGY

ACTUAL QUESTIONS & VERIFIED ANSWERS

(2026/2027) (PDF) | Physics

Student Name: GIOVANA COSTARELLI

Access Code (located on the underside of the lid of your lab kit): AC-

KW80U

Lab Report Format Expectations Utilize college level grammar and formatting when answering text based questions. Report all equations in a proper mathematical format, with the correct signs and symbols. Submissions with incomplete or improperly formatted responses may be rejected.

Pre-Lab Questions

1. In this lab, you will conduct three experiments that will demonstrate the concepts of work, potential energy and kinetic energy. Briefly explain those three concepts and their mathematical definitions.
   • Work is defined as the force applied to an object multiplied by the displacement in the direction of the force, and its equation is W=F⋅d⋅cos(θ). Where F is the force applied, d is the displacement, and θ is the angle between the force and displacement.
   • Potential Energy (U): Energy stored due to the position of an object. In the gravitational case, its equation is U=mgh. Where m is the object’s mass, g is the acceleration due to the gravity, and h is the object’s height.
   • Kinetic Energy (K) is the energy associated with an object's motion, and its equation is K=1/2mv^2. Where v is the object's velocity.

1. Both kinetic and potential energy are part of the thrill of roller coasters. Refer to Figure 6, below. a. Describe the kinetic and potential energy at each point of the roller coaster path. Point A: Maximum potential energy, as it is at the highest height. Kinetic energy is minimal (if not zero). Point B: Part of the potential energy was converted into kinetic energy. The cart is accelerating. Point C: Minimum potential energy, maximum kinetic energy (highest speed of the cart). Point D: Kinetic energy is being converted back into potential energy as the cart rises again. b. What happens to the rollercoaster’s kinetic energy between Points B and C? What happens to its potential energy between these points? Kinetic energy increases because potential energy is being Figure 6: Different points in a roller coaster’s motion.

converted. Potential energy decreases as the cart moves downwards. c. Why is it important for Point A to be higher than Point C? To ensure that the initial potential energy is sufficient for the cart to complete the entire journey without needing an additional energy source. d. What causes the roller coaster train to lose energy over its trip? The energy is dissipated due to air resistance and friction between the tracks and the cart's wheels, converting part of the mechanical energy into heat.

EXPERIMENT 1: WORK DONE BY A SPRING

Introduction Questions

1. In Experiment 1, you will stretch a spring at varying distances and calculate the work required to do so. The force associated with compressing or stretching a spring is variable and is quantified by F = kx, where k is the spring constant and x is the displacement. Given the graph of the force versus displacement graph for a spring in Figure 5, derive an equation for the amount of work done by the spring. Do not simply state a final equation. Show the mathematical steps you will take to derive this equation. You must show all work for credit.

0 0 v

• v 0.75 0.01 0.
• 1.5 0.
  • v 1.95 0.01 0.
• 2.4 0.
  • v 2.85 0.01 0.
• 3.3 0.
  • v 3.75 0.01 0.
• 4.2 0.
  • v 4.6 0.01 0.

Insert va vphoto vof vthe vspring vbeing vpulled vback vfor veach vstep v(5 vin vtotal) vwith vyour vhandwritten vname vin vthe vbackground. vThe vphotos vmust vclearly vdemonstrate vthe vreading von vthe vspring vwhen vpulled vback vto vthe vdistances vin vthe vtable. vTo vdo vso, vthe vspring vmust vbe vnext vto vthe vruler vas vspecified vin vthe vprocedure. vThe vdistances vand vforces vmust vmatch vthose vrecorded vin vTable v1. vSubmissions vthat vdo vnot vinclude vphotos vthat vmeet vthese vrequirements vwill vbe vrejected. v

Results vand vDiscussion

1. Create va vgraph vsimilar vto vthe vone vin vFigure v 5 vthat vdepicts veach vdistance von vthe vX vaxis, vand vthe vforce von vthe vY vaxis. vYour vhandwritten vname vmust vbe vincluded vin vyour vgraph vfor vcredit. v
2. Using vthe vresult vof vQuestion v 1 vfor vthe vexperiment vintroduction, vcalculate vthe vwork vdone vby vthe vspring. K= vF/x= v5N/0.05m= v100N/m W= v1/2(100)(0.05)^2= v0.125J
3. In vyour vtable vand vgraph, vthe vwork vdone vby vthe vspring vis vbroken vdown vby vthe vwork vdone vby veach v 1 vcm vstretch. vHow vdoes vthis vcompare vto vthe vwork vdone vby vthe vspring vcalculated vin vQuestion v2,

vabove? The vwork vcalculated vusing vthe vaverage vforce vin veach v 1 vcm vincrement vadds vup vto vapproximately vthe vsame vtotal vwork vcalculated vusing vW=1/2kx^2. vAny vsmall vdifferences vare vdue vto vrounding verrors vor vthe vincremental vapproach vapproximating vthe varea vunder vthe vcurve vof vthe vForce vvs. vDistance vgraph.

EXPERIMENT v2: vCONSERVATION vOF vENERGY

Introduction vQuestions

1. Consider vthe vball vexample vin vthe vintroduction vfor vthe vlab vcourse, vwhere va vball vis vdropped vfrom v 3 vmeters. vAfter vthe vball vbounces, vit vrises vto va vheight vof v 2 vmeters. vThe vmass vof vthe vball vis v0.5 vkg. v a. Calculate vthe vspeed vof vthe vball vright vbefore vthe vbounce b. How vmuch venergy vwas vconverted vinto vheat vafter vthe vball vbounced voff vthe vground? v(Hint: vThermal vEnergy v(TE) vwill vnow vneed vto vbe vincluded vin vyour vconservation vof venergy vequation vand vyou vwill vnow vneed vto vknow vthe vmass vof vthe vball) TE v= vmghinitial v− vmghfinal

*Utilize vmasses vin vTable v 3 vif vappropriate, vor vuse va vscale vto vfind vthe vmasses. v Table v3: vReference v- vMass vof vCommon vTypes vof vSports vBalls Ball vType Mass v(kg) Ball vType Mass v(kg) Ball vType Mass v(kg) Ping vPong vball 0.0027 Golf vball 0.045 Soccer vball 0. Racquetb all 0.042 Tennis vball 0.057 Basketball 0. Insert va vphoto vthat vdepicts vthe vheight vyou vmarked vin vStep v 2 vof vthe vprocedure vand vthe vmethod vyou vused vto vmeasure vthis vheight. vThe vmeasurement vmust vmatch vthe vvalue vyou vreported vin vTable v2. vYour vhandwritten vname vmust vappear vin vthe vbackground. vSubmissions vwithout va vphoto vdepicting vthese vrequirements vwill vbe vrejected. v

Results vand vDiscussion

For veach vof vthe vobserved vheights, vcalculate vthe vfollowing vand vrecord vthe vanswers vin vTable v4, vbelow. v

● the vpotential venergy v(PE) vof vthe vball vbefore vthe vdrop. v Remember, vyou vshould vuse vthe vequation vPE=mgh. ● the vkinetic venergy v(KE) vof vthe vball vright vbefore vit vbounces. v Remember, vtotal venergy vis vthe vsum vof vkinetic vand vpotential venergy. vRight vbefore vthe vbounce, vthe vpotential venergy vhas vall vbeen vtransferred vinto vkinetic venergy. v ● the vpotential venergy vat vthe vnew vheight vusing vPE=mgh. ● the vthermal venergy v(TE) vlost vduring vthe vbounce, vwhich vis vthe vdifference vbetween vthe voriginal vPE vand vthe vPE vafter vthe vbounce. v ● the vkinetic venergy vafter vthe vbounce. vRemember, vthis vshould vbe vthe vdifference vbetween vthe vKE vjust vbefore vthe vbounce vand vthe vlost vTE. v Table v4. vState vof vEnergy vat vVarious vPoints vin vMotion Ball vType PE0.5 vmeters KEbefore vbounce PEnew vmax vheight

TE

KEafter vbounce Ping vPong vBall

Golf vBall 0.221 0.221 0.156 0.065 0. Volleyball 1.278 1.278 0.476 0.802 0.

1. Calculate vthe vspeed vof vthe vball vright vbefore vand vright vafter vthe vbounce.
   • Ping vPong vBall: Speed vBefore vBounce: v3.12 vm/s