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Physical Growth
- The Course of Physical Growth
Physical Growth
- The Course of Physical Growth
- Changes in body size
- Changes in body proportion
- cephalocaudal trend (from head to foot)
- proximodistal trend (from center out)
An Interesting Head Count Physical Growth in Infancy
Rapid advances Figure 3.1. Height and Weight
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Rhythms and States
Rhythms
- Repetitive, cyclical patterns of behavior States
- Major body rhythm
- Degree of awareness to external and internal stimulation
Major States of Infancy
- Sleeping
- Eating
- Waking
- Elimination
Sleep: Perchance to Dream
- Major state
- Different than adult sleep
- 2 hour spurts; periods of wakefulness
- Cyclic pattern
- By 16 weeks sleep about 6 continuous hours; by 1 year sleep through night
REM Sleep
- Period of active sleep
- Closed eyes begin to move in a back-and-forth pattern
- Makes up around one-half of infant sleep
- May provide means for brain to stimulate itself through autostimulation
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Preschool Physical Growth
By age 2
- 25 to 30 pounds
- Close to 36 inches tall
By 6 years old
- About 46 pounds
- 46 inches tall
Preschool Height and Weight
Preschool Individual Differences in
Height and Weight
- Averages mask great individual differences in height and weight
- Gender differences
- National and global economic differences
Preschool Changes in Body Shape and
Structure
- Bodies vary in height, weight, and shape
- Preschooler fat burns off
- Internal physical changes occur
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Childhood: See How We Grow!
Slow but steady…
- Height changes
- Weight changes
- Only time in life span when on average girls taller than boys
- Variation in heights up to 6 inches not unusual
Growth During Adolescence
Figure 3-4. Growth Patterns Can you see why it is called an adolescent growth spurt?
Physical Manifestations of Puberty
Rapid growth Development of primary and secondary sex characteristics Changes in body composition Changes in circulatory and respiratory systems
The Growth Spurt
- Puberty =
- adolescent growth spurt + sexual maturation Girls start (11) & peak (12) earlier than boys (13, 14) Boys build more muscle and heart & lung capacities Girls gain more fat^20
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Physical Growth Summary
- The Course of Physical Growth
- Changes in body size
- Changes in body proportion
Physical Growth Summary
- The Course of Physical Growth
- Changes in body size
- Changes in body proportion
- Changes in skeletal growth
Physical Growth
- The Course of Physical Growth
- Changes in body size
- Changes in body proportion
- Changes in skeletal growth
Factors in Cultural Patterns of Growth
- Sufficient or insufficient nutrition
- Disease
- Genetic inheritance
- Familial stress
• Secular Trend??
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Physical Development and the Senses in
Early Adulthood
Physical development and maturation complete Peak of physical capabilities Brain wave patterns show more mature patterns Senses are peak Most professional athletes at peak during early adulthood
Ups and Downs of Midlife
Emotional reactions to physical changes depend in part on their self-concepts Self-image is tied closely to one’s physical attribute But…middle-aged adults generally report no less satisfaction with their body images than younger adults
Primary and Secondary Aging
- Primary aging , or senescence, involves universal and irreversible changes due to genetic programming
- Secondary aging encompasses changes that are due to illness, health habits, and other individual factors, which are not inevitable
Secondary Aging and Negative Change
Lifestyle decisions, including the use—or abuse—of alcohol, tobacco, or drugs or engaging in unprotected sex, can hasten secondary aging This can also increase a young adult’s risk of dying
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Decline with Age in Brain Size All Systems Go…or Gone?
A 75-year-old's heart pumps less than three-quarters of the blood it pumped during early adulthood Efficiency of the respiratory system declines with age Digestive system produces less digestive juice and is less efficient in pushing food through the system
GERONTOLOGISTS
Specialists who study aging
- Late adulthood as a period of considerable diversity in which people change
- Growth in some areas, decline in others
Demographics of Aging
Figure 3-6. The Elderly Population Worldwide
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Early Adulthood Physical Development Greater fitness level = lower the death rate
One of the Best Pay-Offs: Longevity
Secondary Aging
- Lifestyle decisions, including the use—or abuse—of alcohol, tobacco, or drugs or engaging in unprotected sex, can hasten secondary aging
- This can also increase a young adult’s risk of dying Physical Disabilities in Young Adulthood: Coping With Physical Challenge
- Some 50+ million Americans are physically challenged
- Fewer than 10% of people with major handicaps have finished high school
- Fewer than 25% of disabled men and 15% of disabled women work full time
- Adults with handicaps are often unemployed or stuck in routine, low-paying jobs
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Physical Transitions
Primary Aging Secondary Aging
You know you are aging when…
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