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Language Development
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What is language?^ –
Puzzle of language development
Elements of language
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Language acquisition^ –
Preverbal communication
Speech perception
Speech production
What is Language?
Language: a system that relates sounds (or
gestures) to meaning. Language serves a wide range of purposes for
the developing child
Goal of Language Development
Communicative competence = the ability to convey
thoughts, feelings and intentions in an organizedway that sustains and regulates human interactions
Receptive language
Productive language
Cues Children use to Solve the Language
Puzzle
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Statistics
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Whole object principle
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Categorizing principle
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Mutual exclusivity principle
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Joint attention
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The Elements of Language
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Phonology: the system of sounds in alanguage^ –
Rules for putting phonemes together
Rules of intonation Phonemes =
the smallest sound units of a language
The Elements of Language
Morpheme: the system of units of meaninginvolved in word formation
Morphemes =
the smallest units ofmeaning
The Elements of Language
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Semantics: the meaning of words and theircombinations
The Elements of Language
Syntax: how words are combined toform phrases
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Cultural Dimensions
Do people everywhere say “ba-ba-boo” to their
infants?
Words differ but ways spoken are
similar
Words differ but ways spoken are
similar
Basic similarities across cultures andin some facets of language specific to particular types of interactions Basic similarities across cultures andin some facets of language specific to particular types of interactions Quantity of speech differ by culturesQuantity of speech differ by cultures
Boys will be boys and girls willBoys will be boys and girls will
be…sweethearts?be…sweethearts?
Boys •^
More firm, clear, anddirect responses
Gender differences:
Parental language varies by child gender
Girls • More diminutives• More warm phrases• More diversionary
responses
Hey, hey…what do you say?Hey, hey…what do you say? Figure 7-5. Different Language Exposure
Speech Production
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Cooing
(2 months)
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Babbling
(4-12 months)
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One-word stage
(12 months)
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Two-word stage
(18-24 months)
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Vocabulary Explosion
(18-24 months)
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Using grammatical rules^ –
Overregularization
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Speech Production
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Using grammatical rules^ –
The ‘Wug’ test
Comprehension Precedes Production
Supporting Early
Language Learning
With infants
Respond to coos and babbles.
Establish joint attention.
Use child-directed speech.
Play social games.
With toddlers
Play make-believe together.
Have frequent conversations.
Read often and talk about books.
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Speech Production
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Bilingual Advantage^ –
Better understand words as arbitrary symbols
More cognitively flexible
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