Practical research II module 2, Exercises of English

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Practical Research 2

Quarter 3 – Module 1:

Nature of Inquiry and Research

Senior High

i | P a g e

Practical Research 2 – Grade 12

Quarter 3 – Module 1: Nature of Inquiry and Research

First Edition, 2020

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Introductory Message For the facilitator: Welcome toPractical Research 2 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module 1 on Nature of Inquiry and Research. This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators both from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling. This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration their needs and circumstances. In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of the module: As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the learners as they do the tasks included in the module. For the learner: Welcome to Practical Research 2 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module 1 on Nature of Inquiry and Research. The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often used to depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create and accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a learner are capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant competencies and skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in your own hands! This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to process the contents of the learning resource while being an active learner. Notes to the Teacher This contains helpful tips or strategies that will help you in guiding the learners.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons: What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or competencies you are expected to learn in the module. What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to check what you already know about the lesson to take. If you get all the answers correct (100%), you may decide to skip this part. What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link the current lesson with the previous one. What’s New In^ this^ portion,^ the^ new^ lesson^ will^ be introduced to you in various ways such as a story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an activity or a situation. What is It This section provides a brief discussion^ of the lesson. This aims to help you discover and understand new concepts and skills. What’s More This^ comprises^ activities^ for^ independent practice to solidify your understanding and skills of the topic. You may check the answers to the exercises using the Answer Key at the end of the module. What I Have Learned This^ includes^ questions^ or^ blank sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process what you learned from the lesson. What I Can Do This section provides an activity which will help you transfer your new knowledge or skill into real life situations or concerns. Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your level of mastery in achieving the learning competency. Additional Activities In this portion, another activity^ will be given to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of the lesson learned. This also tends retention of learned concepts. Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the module. At the end of this module you will also find:

THIRD QUARTER Module 1 - Week 1 Nature of Inquiry and Research Content Standard : The learners demonstrate understanding of the concepts learned about inquiry and research. Performance Standard : The learners should be able to decide on suitable quantitative research in different areas of interest. Competency/Code : 1. Explain the meaning of research in relation to inquiry; and

2. Point out the similarities and differences of research and inquiry. CS_RS12-la-c- 1 Learning Outcomes : 1. Relate an unfamiliar term with other terms to discover the meaning of such difficult term; and
3. Speculate about quantitative research;

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What I Know Instructions : Choose the letter of the best answer. Write your chosen answer on a separate sheet of paper.

1. A systematic, controlled, empirical and critical investigation to answer existing future problems of man. a. biology c. natural science b. research d. sociology
2. Characteristic of a researcher wherein he is always doubtful as to the veracity of the results is a. prudence c. intellectual curiosity b. intellectual honesty d. healthy criticism
3. Refers to explaining phenomena by collecting numerical data that are analyzed using mathematically based methods (in particular statistics). a. basic research c. mixed research b. qualitative research d. quantitative research
4. The following are the characteristics of quantitative research EXCEPT a. It is reliable and objective. b. It uses statistics to generalize finding. c. It tests theories or hypothesis. d. It prefers collecting data in a natural setting.

5. A person inclined to do quantitative research and wants to discover truth in _____. a. an exact manner c. an indirect way b. a careful way d. a personal way

6. Quantitative research usually happens in the following hard sciences EXCEPT a. psychology c. biology b. physics d. chemistry

7. Problems of any sort can be best solved through a. computation c. research b. experimentation d. tabulation

8. Some think of quantitative research as complex because of its use of a. factual data c. numerical data b. hypotheses d. theories

9. Characteristic of research that starts with a problem and ends with a problem is a. analytical c. logical b. cyclical d. methodical

10. One of the qualities of a good researcher is that he is always precise in conducting his research. Hence, he is a. economical c. efficient b. resourceful d. scientific

11. Quantitative data are the type of information which are a. the researcher accumulates because of their quantity b. numerical in nature and have the property of measurability c. possessing the element of quantity d. all of the above

12. When the researcher establishes different treatments and studies their effects, the type of research used should be a. descriptive research c. experimental research b. educational research d. survey research

13. An experimental design in which the control and experimental groups are given tests at the beginning and at the end of the school year is a. counter balanced c. two-pair group b. pretest-posttest d. parallel-group

14. A research design in which the study focuses at the present condition is a. experimental c. case study b. historical d. descriptive

Instructions : What do you recall about these two words : Inquiry and Research? Write them freely on your answer sheet without worrying about your grammar.

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What else do you know about Inquiry and Research? Expand what you know about them by reading the following text. What Is It

Nature of Inquiry and Research

Inquiry, a term that is synonymous with the word investigation. When you inquire, you tend to ask questions to probe or examine something. You do this kind of examination through your HOST or higher order thinking strategies of inferential, analytical, critical, creative, and appreciative thinking to discover more understandable or meaningful things beyond such object of your inquiry. Thinking in this manner makes you ask open-ended questions to elicit views, opinions, and beliefs or other concepts in relation to your research (Small in Baraceros, 2016).

What is Research?

Research is a scientific, experimental, or inductive manner of thinking. Starting from particular to more complex ideas, you execute varied thinking acts that range from lower-order to higher-order thinking strategies reflected by these research activities: identifying the topic or problem, gathering data, making theories, formulating hypothesis, analyzing data, and drawing conclusions. Cognitively driven terms like empirical, logical, cyclical, analytical, critical, methodical, and replicable are the right descriptive words to characterize research. These powerful modifiers that your previous research subject, Practical Research 1, explained to a certain extent are the very same terms to characterize any quantitative research you intend to carry out this time. Best & Khan (1989) defined research as the systematic and objective analysis and recording of controlled observations that may lead to the development of generalizations, principles, or theories, resulting in prediction and possibly ultimate control of events. For example, Moral’s (2019) Theory on Creative Pedagogy in Research states that “Teachers’ attributes and their creative teaching practices lead to students’ positive attitudes and research productivity.” Based on systematic review,

the construction of the generated theory underwent an intensive process of carrying on a scientific method of analysis.

Methods of Research

To be a researcher is to be scientist, who must think logically or systematically; that is, your research activities must follow a certain order, like doing inductive thinking that makes you ponder on specific ideas first, then move to more complex concepts like conclusions or generalizations. Or, do the opposite of inductive thinking which is deductive thinking that lets you start from forming generalizations to examining details about the subject matter. These are not only the approaches, though, that you can adhere to in planning your research work. Depending on your topic and purpose, you are free to choose from several approaches, methods, and types of research you learned in your previous research subject, Practical Research

Inquiry vis-à-vis Research

Inquiry is a learning process that motivates you to obtain knowledge or information about people, things, places, or events. You do this by investigating or asking questions about something you are inquisitive about. Research is analogous to inquiry, in that, both involve investigation of something through questioning. However, the meaning of research is more complicated than inquiry because it does not center mainly on raising questions about the topic, but also on carrying out a particular order of research stages. Each stage of research process is not an individual task because the knowledge you obtain through each stage comes not only from yourself but other people as well. Thus, similar to inquiry, research involves cooperative learning. Both inquiry and research encourage you to formulate questions to direct you to the exact information you want to discover about the object of your curiosity. Your questions operate like a scrutiny of a person’s attire to find out what are hidden between or among the compartments or folded parts of his/her clothes. Although the core word for both inquiry and research is investigation or questioning, they are not exactly the same in all aspects. Research includes more complex acts of investigation than inquiry because the former follows a scientific procedure of discovering truths or meanings about things in this world (Mujis&Ransome in Baraceros, 2016). Based on types of data needed, the kind of data you want to work on reflects whether you wish to do a quantitative or a qualitative research in general. Qualitative research requires non-numerical data, which means that the research uses words rather than numbers to express the results, the inquiry, or investigation about people’s beliefs, feelings, views, and lifestyles regarding the object of the study. These opinionated answers from people are not measurable; so, verbal language is the right way to express your findings in qualitative research.

1. Differences and similarities between Inquiry and Research
2. Definition of research
3. Nature of Inquiry
4. Nature of research
5. Moral’s Theory What I Can Do Instructions: Examine the setup of your family, your school, or any organization you are a member in. Which aspect of each group do you want to know more through inquiry or research? Present your answers to this question in a tabular form. The first example is done for you. Write your answer on a sheet of paper. Example: Inquiry question : Who broke your pot? Research question : Why are some graduating senior high school students not willing to wear togas? Social Institutions Inquiry Research Family School Organization Assessment Instructions: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper.

1. A term that is synonymous with the word investigation. a. manner c. identical b. inquiry d. preserve
2. A systematic, controlled, empirical and critical investigation to answer existing future problems of man. a. biology c. natural science b. research d. sociology
3. Which of the following does not belong to the group? a. methodical c. cyclical b. empirical d. conceptual
4. The first step in research process is the identification of the a. data c. method b. hypothesis d. problem
5. The researchers’ attitudes, traits, and abilities affect both the product and the ____of research. a. process c. goal b. plan d. result
6. The last step of the research revolves around a. explaining occurrences c. analyzing information b. collection of information d. none of the above
7. Problems of any sort can be solved through a. computation c. research b. experimentation d. tabulation
8. Characteristic of research that starts with a problem and ends with a problem. a. logical c. methodical b. analytical d. cyclical
9. Which of the following does not belong to the group? a. critical c. theoretical b. logical d. replicability
10. What are the two types of research? a. basic and applied c. maximum and minimum b. theory and hypothesis d. quantitative and qualitative
11. The type of research describing events, persons, and so on without the use of numerical data is called a. quantitative research c. qualitative research

Lesson 2 Characteristics, Strengths and Weaknesses of Quantitative Research What I Need to Know At the end of the lesson, the learners will be able to:

1. Familiarize themselves with vocabulary terms to clarify things about quantitative research;
2. Find out the characteristics of research and the researcher;
3. Define quantitative research accurately;
4. Follow the steps in using quantitative research; and
5. Uncover the strengths and weaknesses of quantitative research. What’s In

Vocabulary Improvement Instructions : To acquire substantial knowledge on some topics in this lesson, activate your schemata about the underlined word in each sentence. Get clues from its use in the sentence.

1. Demonstrate through a hand gesture the magnitude of the screen that you think is enough to block the window. Meaning:

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2. In looks, Malaysians are analogous to Filipinos, but in language, they are not. Meaning:

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3. Please use precise words to explain your point for the listeners’ quick understanding of your ideas. Meaning:

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4. The plastic bag becomes inflated with much air blown into it; deflated, with air released from such container. Meaning:

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5. A person experiences moral instability if he does not pattern his life after Jesus Christ, the way, the truth, and the life. Meaning:

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**_What’s New_** **Image Intensifier 

Instructions:** Choose one from among the situations which for you is easy to justify. Why? Set A- Ninety percent (90%) of the examinees passed the college entrance exams. Twenty pages of the book contain grammatically incorrect sentences. Set B- A big number of examinees passed the college entrance exams. Several pages of the book contain grammatically incorrect sentences. What do you think? Does your choice between Set A and B align itself to the content of the following selection or run counter to the text? Read the text to find out the truth.

3. Healthy criticism. The researcher is always doubtful as to the truthfulness of the results. 4. Intellectual honesty. An intelligent researcher is honest to collect or gather data or facts in order to arrive at honest results. 5. Intellectual creativity. A productive and resourceful investigator always creates new researches. Quantitative research , according to Aliaga and Anderson (2000), is “explaining phenomena by collecting numerical data that are analyzed using mathematically based methods (in particular statistics).” This type of research utilizes numbers and statistical analysis. It is ideal in studying phenomenon which must contend with the problems of measurement. In scientific usage, a phenomenon is any event that is observable, however common it might be, even if it requires the use of instrumentation to observe, record, or compile data concerning it. In natural science, it can be questions like, “why is the sky blue?” or in social sciences it can be, “what is the effect of television viewing to the academic performance of a child?”(Chico &Matira, 2016).

Standards of Quantitative Research

Here are some standards or criteria in quantitative research (Mujis& Sharp in Baraceros, 2016). Standards Quantitative Research Mental survey of reality Exists in the physical world Cause-effect relationships Revealed by automatic descriptions of circumstances or conditions Researcher’s involvement with the object or subject of the study Objective; least involvement by the researcher Expression of data, data analysis, and findings Numerals, statistics Research plan Plans all research aspects before collecting data Behavior toward research aspects/ conditions Control or manipulation of research conditions by the researcher Obtaining knowledge Scientific method Purpose Evaluates objectives and examines cause-effect relationships Data-analysis technique Mathematically based methods Style of expression Impersonal, scientific. Or systematic Sampling technique Random sampling as the most preferred

Steps in Doing Quantitative Research

The way to undertake research is very simple. There are only three steps that you will follow. These are (Chico &Matira, 2016):

1. Observing and explaining occurrences. This is where you will apply the four “W”; Who, What, Where, and Why. The answer for these “Ws” can be presented in the form of a question. It can also be expressed as a hypothesis.
2. The collection of information in quantitative research is what makes it different from qualitative research. Quantitative research is focused specifically on numerical information.
3. Using mathematics to analyze the data collected. This is done with statistics. List of the Advantages of Quantitative Research

1. The quantitative approach allows you to reach a higher sample size.
2. You can collect information quickly when using quantitative research.
3. Quantitative research uses randomized samples.
4. Results duplication is possible when using quantitative research.
5. Quantitative research can focus on facts or a series of information.
6. The research performed with the quantitative approach is anonymous.
7. Quantitative research doesn’t require direct observation to be useful. List of the Disadvantages of Quantitative Research
8. This method doesn’t consider the meaning behind social phenomena.
9. Every answer provided in this research method must stand on its own.
10. Quantitative research sometimes creates unnatural environments.
11. Some efforts at randomization will not create usable information.
12. There is no access to specific feedback.
13. Quantitative research studies can be very expensive.
14. Answer validity always creates a cloud of doubt on the final results.
15. Individual characteristics don’t always apply to the general population. What’s More Enrichment Activity # Instructions: Answer the following questions based on your knowledge gained from the discussion. Write it on a separate sheet of paper.
16. Define quantitative research.
17. Explain at least two (2) characteristics of a good researcher.
18. Explain at least (2) advantages and disadvantages of quantitative research. Enrichment Activity # Instructions : Analyze the following research titles. State your reason why you will use or will not use quantitative types of research.