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RCD Public School Kotdwar
Subject = Physical Education
Class = 11th
Changing Trends and career in Physical Education (Notes)
Physical Education - If a survey was to be conducted and individuals asked what they understood
when they heard the term Physical Education, the response could possibly be that physical education is knowledge related to sports activity, sports education, sports coaching, health education, education about yoga or anything related to individual fitness. But is this really Physical Education? Not totally. Physical Education is all of the above and something more. While the above-mentioned activities are associated with Physical Education, they are not all that Physical Education is about. In an essence Physical Education uses physical activity or movement to bring about positive changes in the physical, mental, and emotional make-up of an individual. It is a broad field of education which deals with the relationship between physical wellbeing and movement and other domains of education. Physical Education is a combination of two separate words, physical and education. The first word is physical which means related to body or related to any one or all of the bodily characteristics, that include physical strength, physical endurance, physical fitness, physical appearance and physical health. And, the second word is education which means preparation for life or systematic instruction and training. When we look at the combined meaning of these two words, we can understand that physical education is a systematic training of an individual by using his/her own body to achieve the objectives of developing and maintaining the body, developing motor skills, physical abilities, making a habit of living a healthy lifestyle, developing the ability to control emotions for a fuller living. Physical Education may be defined as a teaching-learning process where physical activities are used as medium of instruction, and these physical activities are designed in such a manner as to improve physical fitness, motor skills, knowledge, sportsmanship, emotional stability and healthy behavior. There are two types of movements Locomotor and Non- locomotor. Movement such as walking, running, hopping, leaping, skipping, galloping are examples of locomotor movements. Movements such as stretching, twisting, turning, pushing, pulling and swinging are non-locomotor movements. According to National Planning of Physical Education and Recreation, the ‘aim of Physical Education must be to make every child physically, mentally and emotionally fit and also to develop in him such personal and social qualities as will help him to live happily with others and build him up a good citizen’. 1 CAREER OPTIONS IN PHYSICAL EDUCATION Physical Education is a fast-growing discipline in India. To educate individuals in the field of Physical Education numerous courses are offered by different educational institutions.
The National Council of Teacher Education (NCTE) has recognized the courses which prepare teachers of Physical Education for school system in India. NCTE recognizes only three courses for Physical Education Teachers.
- Diploma in Physical Education (D.P.Ed.): This course prepares Physical Education Teachers for the elementary stage of school education i.e. for Classes to VIII.
- Bachelor of Physical Education (B.P. Ed): This course is designed for preparing teachers of Physical Education for teaching theory papers in Classes VI to X and conducting Physical Education and Sports Activities for Classes XI-XII.
- Master of Physical Education (M.P.Ed.): It is meant for preparing Physical Education Teachers for Senior Secondary classes (i.e. XI-XII) as well as Assistant Professors/ Directors/ Sports Officers in Colleges/Universities and Teacher Educators in Colleges of Physical Education and University Departments of Physical Education. 1.3.1 CAREER OPTIONS IN PHYSICAL EDUCATION In addition, research-oriented courses such as Master of Philosophy (M.Phil.), Doctorate of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Post Doctorate Fellowship (P.D.F.) Programmes are also offered in Physical Education Apart from this, different educational institutions in India offer various courses in Physical Education (recognized by University Grands Commission, New Delhi or by the Institutions themselves). A few of these courses are listed below: Post Graduate Diploma Level Courses Post Graduate Diploma in Adventure Sports Administration Post Graduate Diploma in Disability Sports Post Graduate Diploma in Fitness Management Post Graduate Diploma in Sports Coaching Post Graduate Diploma in Sports Journalism Post Graduate Diploma in Sports Management Post Graduate Diploma in Sports Nutrition Post Graduate Diploma in Yoga Education Bachelor Level Course Bachelor of Arts (Programme) Sports & Performance Bachelor of Physical Education & Sports Bachelor of Physical Education (Four Year Course after 12th) Bachelor of Science Exercise Physiology Bachelor of Science in Physical Education Bachelor of Science in Physical Education, Health Education and Sports Sciences Master Level Courses
Event Manager of a Sports Club: An individual who has graduated with MBA in Sports Management can offer his/her services as an event manager at any sports club. Health and Fitness Club Manager: One can be appointed as health and fitness club manager after having a professional degree in Physical Education as well as an interest in the field. Sports Clothing & Equipment Designer: If one has zeal and interest in fashion designing then she/he can work as a sports clothing and equipment designer. Dietician and Nutritionist: After graduating with any Physical Education degree, an individual can choose the profession of a dietician and nutritionist also. Sports Goods Marketing: Sales and Marketing of sports goods is a fast-growing industry and one can choose this line after graduating in Physical Education. Yoga Trainer: Yoga has become popular both nationally and internationally, so one 17 who is trained in yoga can provide her/his services to instruct groups/individuals through various levels and types of yoga. Fitness Trainer: One can work as a fitness trainer after completing any course in Physical Education. Physical Therapist: One can also work as a physical therapist after doing any physical education Programme. Sports Journalist: Some institutes offer a sports journalism course, so those who have graduated in this course can work as sports journalists. Adapted Physical Education Teacher: This dimension of physical education has gained much importance in today’s society, because we have come to realize the right of each and every individual on this planet to live his/her life to the fullest. In this domain, a special curriculum is designed to train individuals for taking care of the physical education needs of persons with disability. Thus, if you have a degree in Physical Education, you have to just think about your interest and choose a career option that suits your interest. ABOUT KHELO INDIA PROGRAMME Sports and fitness are of immense importance in one’s li fe. Participation in games and sports inculcates team spirit, develops strategic and analytical thinking, leadership skills, goal setting and risk taking. A fit and healthy individual makes for an equally healthy society and a strong nation. Sports is an extremely important component for the overall development of our nation. India, in the las few years has made steady progress in the field of sports. This tremendous potential needs to be show cased at a global platform. To inspire young talent and to give them top-notch infrastructure and training, we need to inculcate a strong spirit of participation in sports that enables players to demonstrate their true potential. Only then can India realize its dream of becoming a super performer on the sports field The Khelo India Programme has been introduced to revive the sports culture in India at the grassroots level by building a strong framework for all sports played in our country and to establish India as a great sporting nation. Participation in sports is an extremely important component for development of any nation. When we see India’s performance in Inte rnational sports events, it is found that India is making a steady progress and this is happening when only 5% of our total population participates in sports and games. If this percentage of participation is enhanced, then results could be different. Thus, to inspire young talent and to provide them with world-class infrastructure and t raining facilities, “Khelo India - National
Programme for Development of Sports” w as launched by the Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports, Govt. of India in the financial year 2017-2018. The intention is to achieve the two main objectives which are mass participation and promotion of excellence in sports in the country. The Khelo India Programme was approved in the Cabinet meeting of the Department of Sports, Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports, Govt. of India, held on 20th September, 2017. The budget allocation for the Khelo India Programme is Rs. 1,756 Crore for the period of 2017- 18 to 2019-20. VISION OF KHELO INDIA The vision of the Government of India behind launching the Khelo India Programme is to further sports culture in India, especially at the grassroots level as well as achieve sporting excellence in the country. MISSION The mission of the Khelo India Programme is “to encourag e sports for all thus allowing the population across gender and all age groups to harness the power of sports through its cross- cutting influence, namely, holistic development of children and youth, community development, social integration, gender equality, healthy lifestyle, national pride and economic opportunities related to sports development.” In short, the aim of Khelo India Programme is to provide a platform to each and every citizen of India, despite their individual differences of age and gender, to participate in sports and channelize their sporting skills which ultimately leads to an all-round development of every child and youth. This will lead to community development, social integration and gender equality. It will inculcate a healthy lifestyle, bring laurels to country and provide economic opportunities. AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF THE PROGRAMME The Khelo India Programme aims at developing a sporting culture in the country, identifying talent from the grassroots, and grooming them for international success. The intention of Khelo India Programme is to build a strong framework for each and every sport played in the country and to make India into a strong sporting nation arena. To achieve this Khelo India Programme has outlined twelve verticals namely Play Field Development Community Coaching Development, State Level Khelo India Centers Annual Sports Competitions Talent Search and Development Utilization and Creation/Upgradation of Sports Infrastructure Support to National/Regional/State Sports Academies Physical fitness of school children Sports for Women Promotion of sports amongst people with disabilities Sports for peace and development
development, training camps for teams, opening of extension centers and University Sports Centers, league development, sports science back-up, etc. to identified Universities. Ministry of Human Resource Development shall ensure that Ministry of Youth Affairs & Sports is included in the University Grants Commission (UGC) Steering Committee for Sports in Universities. ii. Creation of Appropriate Sports Infrastructure: Under this component, grants-in-aid will be provided to States/UTs, SAI etc. to develop critical sports infrastructure and other infrastructure where there are gaps. Ministry of Youth Affairs & Sports (MYAS) will simultaneously make efforts to supplement the project ‘State Level Khelo India Centers’ from Cor porate Social Responsibility (CSR) funding through Central Public Sector Enterprises (CPSEs) and Corporate Houses to ensure sustainable funding of recurring costs of these centers. In the First Khelo India Youth Games 2018, Haryana with 102 medals (38 golds, 26 silvers and 38 bronzes) was on top of the medal tally, followed by Maharashtra (111 medals including 36 golds) and Delhi ( medals including 25 golds). On February 27, 2019, PM Narendra Modi launched the Khelo India App at the Youth Indian Parliament in Vigyan Bhawan, New Delhi to promote sports and fitness NPFAI has been registered as a Society under Societies Registration Act,1860 in February, 2009. Development of playgrounds in all gram panchayats can be taken up in convergence with the scheme of Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS) and any other scheme(s) of the State Government/Central Government. Implementing Agency: The Department of Sports will provide funding while execution of the projects will be through MYAS/SAI.
- Support to National/ Regional/State Sports Academies: Throughout the nation, sports academies both public and private are identified for need-based support. Financial aid is also provided to the identified academies for their operation and maintenance. Implementing agency: The project will be implemented through SAI/States/UTs/Private entities, including eminent sportspersons.
- Physical Fitness: Under Khelo India the component of physical fitness of school going children is given due emphasis. National Level Physical Fitness parameters will be developed for each region. An assessment kit which is easy to administer will be provided to each school to evaluate physical fitness of all students. After assessing the level of fitness across school-going children, a component of enhancing fitness levels of children will also be undertaken. A grading system for schools will be developed to encourage competition among schools to promote fitness. Implementing agency: The Programme will be implemented through the Lakshmi Bai National Institute of Physical Education (LNIPE) and Master Trainers trained under the Scheme in association with States/UTs/Schools. Other Institutions of Physical Education will be empaneled throughout the country for effective implementation of the Programme.
- Sports for Women: All the components of the Khelo India Scheme are gender-neutral and afford equal opportunities to women for participating in sporting activities and development of sports. In addition, this vertical is specially devoted to holding annual national competitions for women. Emphasis will be laid on such sports disciplines where there is less participation of women so that a greater number of women participate in such sports disciplines.
Implementing Agency: Competitions will be conducted by the participating National Sports Federations through the SAI/States/UTs.
- Sports for Peace and Development: Under this vertical the Government of India provides a special package to J&K for enhancing sports facilities in the State. To ensure optimal utilization of the infrastructure, soft support in terms of coaches, equipment, consumables, technical support, competition etc. will be provided. Efforts will be made to organize village level competitions in respect of sports disciplines popular in the State of J&K for positive engagement of youth. Similar efforts will also be made in case of other extremism and terrorism affected and disturbed areas. Implementing agency: The module will be implemented in association with the State Governments through the SAI.
- Promotion of Sports Among Persons with Disabilities: Financial assistance will be provided to States/UTs and SAI for creation of specialist sports infrastructure for persons with special needs. Funds provided under this head will also be used for classification of players, equipment, training and preparation of teams for Paralympic Games and disciplines and competitions. 35 Implementing agency: This component will be implemented through the SAI/Paralympic Committee of India (PCI)/States/UTs and other agencies involved in development of Sports among persons with special needs, in association with the beneficiary organizations.
- Promotion of Rural and Indigenous/Tribal Games: In order to showcase and encourage children and youth to take up rural and indigenous/tribal games, annual competitions are organized under the Khelo India Scheme. Thus, we can say that ‘Khelo India Programme’ is not just ab out winning medals at the world sporting arena. It is a mass movement initiated by the Indian government to provide every possible support and facility to youth of the country for participation in sports. Under this Programme governments tries to focus on each and every aspect that will contribute to making sports more popular among the youth of the country. The end result of this initiative will be to make India one of the top sporting nations in the world.
Changing Trends in Sports- playing surface, wearable gears and sports equipment,
technological advancements
Playing surfaces = Wider variety of playing surfaces is used for physical activity, exercise and sports. Nature of the sport, geographic location, climate, infrastructure etc. are a few of the factors which influence the nature of field utilized for playing. Grass and clay courts are highly favored for outdoor sports due to natural availability of this play area in most of the parts of the world, but now synthetic playing surfaces are being widely used for field and court sports, artificial turf surfaces are commonly used as an alternative to natural grass and clay courts due to ease of maintenance and better sustainability under hard weather conditions like rain. Due to geographic or climatic conditions outdoor sports may not be possible throughout the year, so indoor sports facilities are also common in various parts of the world. Indoor courts and play fields mostly have artificial surfaces ranging from wooden surfaces, synthetic surfaces like rubberized or acrylic surfaces are popular. I. Outdoor Sports
- Athletic Jogging Track i. Clay & Cinder: These natural running outdoor tracks use a combination of fine ash, carbon and rock. The composition results in a softer surface, making them comfortable to run and jog. With the advantages, the challenge with clay and cinder track is to maintain an even surface during rain, wind etc. ii. Synthetic: The synthetic surface comprises rubber particles bound with latex or polyurethane. It also uses an asphalt or concrete base. It is common to add layers and integrate different textures in a
- Performance: With the change in design, new attire, like modern swimsuits, are used to counter friction and improve performance. The designs of boots and footwear are aerodynamically designed to improve movement efficiency of athletes.
- Monitoring & Judgement: Wearable gears like GPS and other devices to measure body chemistry and physiological status are of great advantage for athletes and coaches to monitor the performance of athletes and help take remedial actions.
- Aesthetics: Activity wears and trendy athletic clothing and apparel used by top athletes as well as exercise or fitness enthusiasts. Top class athletes do adopt trendy wear due to media coverage and sports marking playing an important role in sports promotion and sponsorships. Even fitness enthusiasts prefer aesthetically designed activity wear and fitness gear, as it gives them self-confidence and promotes image-boosting.
Technology in sports
In modern life, technology is a great tool in making life easy and comfortable. Technological advances have greatly affected sports science and other areas of life. As the market for the sports industry has expanded, alongside its growing popularity, demand for technological study has increased. Today no sports or athletics is untouched with the engagement and integration of technology, either for officiating, performance analysis or for safety and mechanical analysis. Let’s try to understand the importance of technology in sports.
- Officiating technology LED lights are used in various sports like cricket where they help officials to identify and take correct decisions. In cricket, LED lights are used in stumps to decide on the status of the ball hitting the stumps. h Infra- red technology is used to help officials take decisions in various sports, ‘Hot spot’ is an infra - red imaging system which lets umpires and commentators see if the bat has struck the ball. Video technology is used in various sports like cricket, football, basketball etc. wherein replays or recordings in slow motion are used to take decisions. VAR is a popular video technology used in football by the referees to take decisions during the match. Laser technology is used in various games for detection of a foul and for eliminating subjective judgement of movements. 3-D laser technology is used in gymnastics for scoring of gymnasts and laser technology is also used in long and triple jump take-off boards to identify foul jumps.
- Protective equipment: Technologically advanced materials to produce safer and more comfortable protective gear which enable sportspersons to play at their peak without compromising their safety, like helmets for cricketers.
- Timing system: GATES, laser or touch sensors can be used to provide the most precise race time possible. These timing systems also provide incredibly exact measurement down to the thousandth of a second, which eliminates rounding errors.
- Location Tracking System: Global Positioning System technology is being used in training and in competitive sport, including in preparation exercises as well as during play. By using Tracking System devices, teams can track the movement of players at the pitch and collect large amounts of data about their performance. The system is also now introduced in sports stadium to manage spectators and crowds during mega sports events.
- Biomechanical and Movement analysis software: These are integrated with video recording or live video of sports performance and exercise movements to evaluate the quality of movement and analyses
deviations of an athlete’s movements with the help of scientific evid ence. Sensors are also attached to sports equipment like bats, balls, rackets, footwear etc. to evaluate metrics such as swing speed, power, directionality, force etc. Force platforms or force plates are also used to measure the ground reaction forces generated by an athlete body standing on or moving across them to improve technique and errors.
Fit India Movement
FIT India Movement was introduced on 29th August, 2019 by Hon’ble Prime Minister with an objective to launch fitness as integral part of our lives. The Mission of the movement was to bring positive behavioral changes and to adopt physical active healthy lifestyle. Towards achieving this mission, Fit India proposes to undertake various initiatives and conduct events to achieve the following objectives: To promote fitness as easy, fun and free To spread awareness on fitness and various physical activities that promote fitness through focused campaigns To encourage indigenous sports To make fitness reach every school, college/university, panchayat/village, etc. To create a platform for citizens of India to share information, drive awareness and encourage sharing of personal fitness stories.
