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Question 1. What does the acronym TCP stand for in the TCP/IP protocol suite? A) Transfer Control Protocol B) Transmission Control Protocol C) Transport Communication Protocol D) Technical Control Procedure Answer: B Explanation: TCP stands for Transmission Control Protocol, which provides reliable, ordered delivery of a data stream between applications. Question 2. Which layer of the OSI model does the IP protocol operate in? A) Data Link B) Network C) Transport D) Application Answer: B Explanation: IP functions at the Network layer, handling addressing and routing of packets across networks. Question 3. In IPv6, how many bits are used for the address space? A) 32 bits B) 64 bits C) 128 bits D) 256 bits Answer: C
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Explanation: IPv6 expands the address space to 128 bits, allowing a vastly larger number of unique addresses than IPv4’s 32 bits. Question 4. Which organization is responsible for coordinating the global pool of IP addresses? A) ICANN B) IANA C) W3C D) IEEE Answer: B Explanation: The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) manages the global allocation of IP address blocks. Question 5. What is the primary purpose of the Domain Name System (DNS)? A) Encrypt web traffic B) Translate domain names to IP addresses C) Store website files D) Manage email routing Answer: B Explanation: DNS resolves human-readable domain names (e.g., example.com) to their corresponding IP addresses. Question 6. Which top-level domain (TLD) is designated for commercial entities? A) .org B) .gov
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A) 80
B) 21
C) 443
D) 25
Answer: C Explanation: HTTPS runs over TLS/SSL on TCP port 443. Question 10. Which browser engine powers Google Chrome? A) WebKit B) Blink C) Gecko D) Trident Answer: B Explanation: Chrome uses the Blink rendering engine, a fork of WebKit. Question 11. **What does the CSS property box-sizing: border-box; affect? ** A) Makes the element invisible B) Includes padding and border in the element’s total width and height C) Forces the element to float left D) Sets the element’s background color Answer: B Explanation: border-box changes the box model calculation so that width/height include padding and border. Question 12. Which HTML element is used to embed a video file?
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A) B) C) D) Answer: C Explanation: The `` element provides native support for video playback with controls and fallback. Question 13. In CSS Grid, what does the grid-template-columns: 1fr 2fr; rule create? A) Two columns where the second is twice as wide as the first B) Two rows of equal height C) A single column split into three parts D) No effect; fr is not a valid unit Answer: A Explanation: fr units distribute free space; 2fr creates a column twice the width of a 1fr column. Question 14. Which HTML attribute specifies a unique identifier for an element? A) class B) id C) name D) title Answer: B Explanation: The id attribute must be unique within the document and is often used for targeting with CSS/JS.
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Explanation: alt text describes the image for screen readers and displays if the image cannot be shown. Question 18. Which of the following is a valid relative URL to link to a page in a sibling folder? A) ../about.html B) /about.html C) http://example.com/about.html D) ./../about.html Answer: A Explanation: ../ moves up one directory level, allowing access to a sibling folder’s file. Question 19. What does the CSS pseudo-class :focus target? A) Elements being hovered by the mouse B) Elements that are the first child of their parent C) Elements that have keyboard focus D) Elements that are disabled Answer: C Explanation: :focus applies styles when an element receives keyboard or programmatic focus. Question 20. Which HTTP method is idempotent and safe for retrieving data without side effects? A) POST B) PUT C) DELETE
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D) GET
Answer: D Explanation: GET requests are safe (no state change) and idempotent (multiple identical requests have the same effect). Question 21. In a responsive design, which CSS rule would apply only to screens 600 px wide or narrower? A) @media (max-width: 600px) { … } B) @media (min-width: 600px) { … } C) @media (width: 600px) { … } D) @media (device-width: 600px) { … } Answer: A Explanation: max-width targets viewports up to the specified width, enabling mobile-first styling. Question 22. What is the primary advantage of using SVG over raster image formats for icons? A) Smaller file size for photographs B) Ability to scale without loss of quality C) Faster loading on low-bandwidth connections D) Compatibility with all browsers without fallback Answer: B Explanation: SVG is vector-based, so it scales infinitely without pixelation, making it ideal for icons. Question 23. Which of the following CSS properties controls the space between lines of text?
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Question 26. **In Git, which command stages changes for the next commit? ** A) git commit B) git push C) git add D) git merge Answer: C Explanation: git add adds modifications to the staging area, preparing them for a commit. Question 27. Which CSS property creates a drop shadow behind an element? A) box-shadow B) text-shadow C) filter: drop-shadow() D) Both A and C are valid Answer: D Explanation: Both box-shadow and filter: drop-shadow() can produce drop shadows; the former is more common for boxes. Question 28. What is the purpose of the rel="noopener" attribute on a link that opens in a new tab? A) Prevents the new page from accessing the original window via window.opener B) Improves SEO rankings C) Forces the link to open in the same tab D) Enables lazy loading of the linked page
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Answer: A Explanation: noopener mitigates security risks by cutting the relationship between the original and new pages. Question 29. Which of the following is a valid CSS color expressed in HSL notation? A) hsl(120, 50%, 75%) B) hsl(120, 0.5, 0.75) C) hsl(120deg, 50, 75) D) hsl(120, 50, 75) Answer: A Explanation: HSL uses hue (0-360), saturation, and lightness percentages; the correct syntax includes % for the latter two. Question 30. **What does the ARIA attribute aria-label="Search" provide? ** A) A visual label displayed on the page B) A tooltip that appears on hover C) An accessible name for screen readers D) A CSS class for styling the element Answer: C Explanation: aria-label supplies an accessible name that assistive technologies read aloud. Question 31. Which HTML element should be used for a self-contained piece of content that could be syndicated? A) ``
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Question 34. What does the CSS property z-index affect? A) The stacking order of positioned elements B) The size of an element’s margin C) The opacity of an element D) The order of flex items Answer: A Explanation: z-index controls which positioned elements appear on top when they overlap. Question 35. Which attribute on the `` element specifies where the form data should be sent? A) method B) action C) enctype D) target Answer: B Explanation: The action attribute contains the URL that will receive the form submission. Question 36. In CSS Flexbox, what does justify-content: space-between; do? A) Aligns items to the start of the main axis B) Distributes items evenly with equal space around each item C) Places the first item at the start and the last at the end, spacing others evenly D) Centers items along the cross axis Answer: C
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Explanation: space-between leaves no space at the ends; items are spread out across the main axis. Question 37. Which of the following is a non-semantic HTML element? A) B) C) D) Answer: D Explanation: conveys no meaning about its content; it is used purely for grouping. Question 38. **What does the `rel="canonical"` link element indicate to search engines?** A) The page is a duplicate and should be ignored B) The preferred URL for a set of duplicate pages C) The page contains nofollow links D) The page is the homepage of the site Answer: B Explanation: A canonical link tells crawlers which URL is the authoritative version among similar pages. Question 39. **Which of the following is a valid way to include an external JavaScript file?** A) B) C)
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B) Client-Side Rendering Framework C) Cryptographic Secure Random Function D) Content Security Resource File Answer: A Explanation: CSRF attacks trick authenticated users into submitting unwanted actions on a site. Question 43. Which HTML attribute specifies the relationship between the current document and the linked resource? A) href B) rel C) type D) src Answer: B Explanation: rel defines the link’s relationship (e.g., stylesheet, canonical). Question 44. What does the CSS object-fit: cover; property do for an `` element? A) Stretches the image to fill the container, ignoring aspect ratio B) Scales the image to fill the container while preserving aspect ratio, cropping overflow C) Centers the image without scaling D) Makes the image responsive to viewport size Answer: B Explanation: cover fills the container, preserving aspect ratio, and crops any excess.
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Question 45. Which HTTP method is typically used to partially update a resource? A) GET B) PUT C) PATCH D) DELETE Answer: C Explanation: PATCH applies partial modifications to a resource, unlike PUT which replaces it entirely. Question 46. What is the primary purpose of the `` declaration? A) Link to an external stylesheet B) Define the character encoding C) Trigger standards-mode rendering in browsers D) Provide SEO metadata Answer: C Explanation: The doctype tells browsers to render the page using the HTML standard mode. Question 47. Which CSS selector selects every <p> element that is a direct child of a </p>? A) div p B) div > p C) div + p D) div ~ p
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B) Apply a Google Font without external requests C) Change the font size of all headings D) Restrict font usage to premium users only Answer: A Explanation: @font-face lets developers specify a remote font file and assign it a family name. Question 51. Which ARIA role should be applied to a navigation bar for better accessibility? A) role="banner" B) role="navigation" C) role="main" D) role="complementary" Answer: B Explanation: role="navigation" signals to assistive tech that the element contains primary navigation links. Question 52. **What is the purpose of the integrity attribute on a `
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Question 53. Which of the following is a correct way to declare a CSS variable named --main-color? A) $--main-color: #336699; B) --main-color: #336699; C) :root { --main-color: #336699; } D) var(--main-color) = #336699; Answer: C Explanation: CSS custom properties are defined within a selector (commonly :root) using the -- prefix. Question 54. In the context of SEO, what does the term “meta description” refer to? A) The title of the webpage displayed in the browser tab B) A short summary of page content that appears in search engine results C) The canonical URL of the page D) The number of inbound links to the page Answer: B Explanation: Meta descriptions are HTML `` tags; they often appear as snippet text in SERPs. Question 55. Which of the following is a correct way to make an element focusable using only HTML? A) Add tabindex="0" B) Add focusable="true" C) Add role="button" D) Add accesskey="f"
