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PSY 600 Final Exam Study
guide with answers
The diagnosis of specific phobia: A)involves general worries about multiple things b) represents a typical, expected response to an object or situation c)involves a fairly consistent reaction of fear or anxiety to an object or situation , which can lead to active avoidance of the feared object or situation d)represents a short-term diagnosis, lasting less than 6 months - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔C) involves a fairly consistent reaction of fear or anxiety to an object or situation , which can lead to active avoidance of the feared object or situation Which of these is the least likely component to include when developing an initial treatment plan for an adult with a specific phobia? a) a collaborative and trusting relationship between the client and therapist b)the creation of fear hierarchy c)exposure to the feared situation
d)medications like benzodiazepines - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔d)medications like benzodiazepines T/F: The treatment of specific phobias has had very limited success (I.e. <20% improve) - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔False Individuals who meet the criteria for social anxiety disorder: a)avoid social situations or endure them while feeling anxious b)often ruminate about what they dislike about others, which is what increases their anxiety c)have a fairly rare mental health disorder d)are usually remarkably comfortable once they enter into social situations or performance situations - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔a)avoid social situations or endure them while feeling anxious Which of the following is characteristic of panic disorder? a)requires the person initially experienced predictable or "expected" panic attacks b)is most commonly diagnosed right after a person has had his or her first panic attack c)involves persistent worry of experiencing additional panic attacks OR changes in behavior to avoid the recurrence of an attack
attachment figured - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔a)the typical stranger anxiety that occurs around age 2 T/F: In general, parents are discouraged from being involved in the treatment of a child with separation anxiety disorder. - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔False T/F: There are substances, medications, and medical conditions that can cause or contribute to anxiety symptoms. - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔True Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD): A)can be diagnosed if someone only experiences obsessions or compulsions b)is solely caused by environmental factors c)requires good insight on the part of the person who is diagnosed d)typically begins after age 35 - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔a)can be diagnosed if someone only experiences obsessions or compulsions __________ is the first-line (best initial choice) treatment for adults with OCD. - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔exposure and reSponse prevention therapy (ERPT)
Body dysmorphic disorder involves _____________ in one's __________. - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔perceived flaw, appearance All of the following can be a part of the DSM5 diagnosis of hoarding disorder except: a)hoarding that results from a brain injury b)difficulty discarding possessions regardless of value c)distress that arises at the thought of discarding items d)clutter that results in not being able to use living areas for their intended use - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔a)hoarding that results from a brain injury Regarding hoarding disorder: a)most individuals are self-referred to therapy and are motivated to change b)it is a temporary condition that generally improves with age c)few people seek treatment for hoarding disorder d)medication is the primary intervention with proven effectiveness
- CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔c)few people seek treatment for hoarding disorder A therapeutic approach for hair pulling or skin picking designed to identify stimulus triggers for the behavior, increase involvement in more positive competing behaviors, and encourage
b)a traumatic event Is require as part of PTSD and not acute stress disorder c)acute stress disorder applies to childhood trauma and PTSD applies to adult trauma d)none of the above - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔a) acute stress disorder involves a shorter duration of symptoms than pTSD What is characteristic of separation anxiety disorder? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Excessive fear or anxiety concerning separation from the home or attachment figure that exceeds what is expected given the person's developmental level Does the typical separation anxiety that often occurs during childhood qualify as separation anxiety disorder? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔No, only atypical and maladaptive symptoms of separation that cause signifiant impairment or distress can qualify for the diagnosis of SAD. What is involved in a specific phobia? Duration? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔-Involves the marked fear or anxiety of a specific situation or object that almost always evokes fear, is actively avoided or endured with intense fear, and fear is out of proportion to actual threat. -Duration: Typically lasting for 6 mo or logner
What is the first DSM criterion for social anxiety disorder? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Criteria A: Marked fear or anxiety about one or more social situations in which the individual is exposed to possible scrutiny by others -Fear of being negatively evaluated by others 1)Are attacks in panic disorder expected or unexpected? 2)Is one attack sufficient? 3)In addition to panic attacks, what else has to occur for 1 or more months? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔1)Panic attacks are unexpected 2)Individual must have experienced recurrent, unexpected attacks to qualify for diagnosis 3)Persistent concern or worry about additional panic attack or their consequences or a significant maladaptive change in behavior related to attacks (e.g. avoiding situations altogether) What are the 12 symptoms of a panic attack? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔1)palpitations 2)pounding heart/accelerated heart rate 3)sweating 4)trembling or shaking 5)sensations of shortness of breath or smothering 6)feelings of choking 7)chest pain or discomfort
symptoms are not better explained by an anxiety disorder and if symptoms are direct cause of substance/medications then Substance/medication induced anxiety disorder should be diagnosed. Is it important to involve parents when treating children with Separation anxiety disorder? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔- Parental involvement in treatment of children with mental disorders usually increases efficacy but clinicians need to make a determination based on the family dynamics that may be causing or contributing to the separation anxiety. -Interventions that involve parents tend to reduce child anxiety External Exposure - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Gradually Exposing an individual to feared stimulus in a controlled setting in order to help break the pattern of fear/anxiety/avoidance. Habituation - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation to fear stimulus Expectancy Violation - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔when an individual's beliefs or expectations are proven to be wrong/are violated leading to cognitive reframing of situation/object
What is a concern about using medication prior to interoceptive exposure in the treatment of phobias or other anxiety disorders? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔-Medication may enforce that the fear is real. What is the prognosis for the treatment of specific phobia? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔-Prognosis for the specific phobia is the best for any of the anxiety disorders with 70-85% of people experiencing significant improvement. What are two components of the treatment plan for social anxiety disorder? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Exposure therapy and cognitive restructuring are the typical interventions for SAD. How can therapists help by providing psychoeducation during about panic symptoms? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔--People who understand the physiology of the panic attack are more likely to be less terrified when another one occurs. -Helps people understand that while symptoms are uncomfortable, they are not dangerous. What is the treatment of choice for panic disorder? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔-Cognitive behavioral therapy- reduction of catastrophic cognitions results in reduction of symptoms in majority of cases
Common obsessions - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔relating to contamination, images of violent or horrific scenes, or urges for example to stab someone Common compulsions - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔hand washing, ordering, checking, praying, counting, and repeating words silently Does a person need both obsessions and compulsions for OCD diagnosis? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔No, only one needs to be present although it is most common for both to be present What are two ways that the obsessions and compulsions in OCD are viewed as maladaptive? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Time consuming (more than 1 hour a day) and cause significant clinical distress or impairment What is the primary concern for those with body dysmorphic disorder? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Preoccupied with one or more perceived defects or flaws in their physical appearance which they believe look ugly, unattractive, abnormal, or deformed (these flaws are usually not even noticed by others) How does skin-picking or hair removal in BDD differ from that of excoriation or trichotillomania? - CORRECT ANSWERS
✔✔Skin-picking or hair-pulling in BDD is related to preoccupation of looking ugly/deformed whereas trich/excor are unable to stop Why do those with hoarding disorder acquire and maintain so many posessions? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Persistent difficuly discarding or parting with possessions, regardless of their actual value due to perceived need to save items and due to distress associated with attempts to discard Does DSM diagnosis of hoarding disorder apply if hoarding is the result of a medical condition? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Hoarding disorder is NOT diagnosed If symptoms are judged to be direct cause of another medical condition such as a brain injury What Is recommended treatment for OCD? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔exposure and response prevention therapy (ERP) To what is a person "exposed" to in ERP? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Exposure involves gradually moving through situations that evoke low anxiety onto higher levels of anxiety What is the "response prevention" part? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Involves exposing individual to anxiety-provoking situation
What are intrusion symptoms? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔- recurrent, involuntary, and intrusive distressing memories of the traumatic events -recurrent, distressing dreams in which the content and/or affect of the dream are related to the traumatic events -dissociative reactions in which individual feels or acts as if traumatic events were recurring -intense or prolonged psychological distress at exposure to internal or external cues that symbolize or resemble an aspect of the traumatic events -marked physiological reactions to cues of traumatic event What are avoidance symptoms of pTSD? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔-avoidance of or efforts to avoid distressing memories, thoughts, or feelings about or closely associated with traumatic events -avoidance of or efforts to avoid external reminders (people, places, conversations, activities, objects, situations)that arouse distressing memories, thoughts, feelings about the traumatic event What are Negative cognitions/mood alteration symptoms in PTSD? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔-inability to remember an important aspect of the traumatic event -persistent and exaggerated negative beliefs or expectations about oneself, others,or the world
-persistent, distorted cognitions about the cause or consequences of the traumatic events -persistent negative emotional state -markedly diminished interest or participation in significant activities -feelings of detachment or estrangement from others -persistent inability to experience positive emotions What are arousal/reactivity symptoms in PTSD? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔-irritable behavior and angry outbursts typically expressed as verbal or physical aggression towards people or objects -reckless or self-destructive behavior -hyper-vigilance -exaggerated startle response -problems with concentration -sleep disturbances What constitutes a trauma for PTSD or acute stress disorder - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Exposure to actual or threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violence through direct experience, witnessing, learning of the event from a loved one, experiencing repeated or extreme exposure to aversive details of traumatic event
-Eye movement desensitization and processing (EMDR recommended first-line treatment for PTSD- no more effective than other therapies and still unclear how it works) -Group and Family therapy (group therapists should screen for potential group members readiness to engage in group treatment) -Medication (SSRI's beta-blockers, antipsychotic meds, and anticonvulsants -caution should be exercised with prescribing benzos for the risk of addiction and lack of efficacy studies) PIC-SIR for Substance Use Disorder - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔-DSM symptoms for a substance abuse disorder can fit into 4 main groups: impaired control, social impairment, risky use, and pharmacological criteria How many symptoms are required for SUD, over what period of time? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔# of symptoms needed: -Mild- 2-3 symptoms -Moderate- 4-5 symptoms -Severe- 6+ symptoms Duration of symptoms: -In early remission -In sustained remission -On maintenance therapy
-in a controlled environment Besides typical symptoms of being "under the influence" (slurred speech, incoordination), what else is needed for the DSM diagnosis of alcohol intoxication? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔-Slurred speech, incoordination, unsteady gait, nystagmus, impairment in attention or memory, stupor or coma What are 2 similarities of the criteria for gambling disorder and the substance use disorders? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔-has repeated unsuccessful attempts to cut down or stop behavior -is often preoccupied with behavior -significant impairment in social or occupational functioning What is the primary goal of motivational enhancement therapy - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔-Motivation enhancement therapy has been found to reduce anger and hostility, reduce resistance to therapist, enhance readiness for behavioral change, and produce abstinence rates twice that of controls -Motivational enhancement therapy combines feedback based on client-provided assessment data with motivational interviewing and reflective listening to help clients mobilize their own internal motivations to change
