Download Pepperdine PSY 600 Final Exam questions with answers and more Exams Psychology in PDF only on Docsity!
Pepperdine PSY 600 Final
Exam questions with answers
What is characteristic of separation anxiety disorder? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔An excessive fear or anxiety concerning separation from home or attachment figures, which exceeds what, may be expected given the person's developmental level. This must last at least 4 weeks in children and adolescents and typically 6 months or more in adults. What is involved in a specific phobia? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔marked fear or anxiety about a specific object or situation such as flying, heights, animals, receiving an injection, or seeing blood. What is the duration for specific phobia? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Typically lasting for 6 months or more. What is the first DSM criterion for social anxiety disorder? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔marked fear or anxiety about 1 or more social situations in which the individual is exposed to
possible scrutiny by others. Such as social interactions, being observed, and performing in front of other. Are the panic attacks in panic disorder expected or unexpected? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔unexpected Is one attack sufficient for panic disorder? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔one attack is not sufficient n addition to panic attacks, what else has to occur for 1 or more months? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔There needs to be 1 or both of the following: (1) persistent concern or worry about additional panic attacks or their consequences or (2) a significant maladaptive change in behavior related to the attacks. 4 DSM symptoms of a panic attack? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Palpitations/accelerated heart rate Sweating trembling/shaking sensations of shortness of breath How many symptoms are required for a panic attack? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔ 4
What is a concern about using medications when treating phobias and other anxiety disorders? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Medication does not cure the problem and may actually reinforce that the fear is real. Is the prognosis for the treatment of specific phobias favorable? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔The prognosis for specific phobia is the best out of anxiety disorders, with 70% to 85% of people experiencing significant improvement. What are 2 components of the treatment plan for social anxiety disorder? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Psychoeducation about the cause of onset and maintenance of fears in social anxiety disorder and Exposure to gradually more fearful situations What is the well-established "treatment of choice" for panic disorder - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Cognitive behavioral therapy Briefly describe interoceptive (internal) exposure - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Interoceptive exposure is an exposure to bodily sensations. By eliciting fearful body sensations, identifying maladaptive thoughts and beliefs associated with these sensations,
and sustaining the feared sensations without avoidance or distraction, a shift can come about whereby these sensations are no longer seen as a threat. What are obsessions? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔recurrent and persistent thoughts, urges, or images that are experienced as intrusive and unwanted. EX: contamination obsessions & obsessions of harm, loss, or danger. What are compulsions? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔repetitive behaviors or mental acts that an individual feels driven to perform in response to an obsession or according to rules that must be applied rigidly. EX: decontamination compulsions and checking compulsions What purpose/function do compulsions serve? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔aimed at preventing or reducing anxiety, distress, or preventing some dreaded event or situation. Does a person need both obsessions and compulsions for OCD diagnosis? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔no What are 2 ways that the obsessions and compulsions in OCD are viewed as "maladaptive" (e.g., causes significant distress, over an
Why do those with hoarding disorder acquire and maintain so many possessions (Criterion B)? (p. 247) Does the DSM diagnosis of hoarding disorder apply if hoarding is the result of a medical condition (e.g., brain injury)? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔the persistent difficulties discarding or parting with possessions, regardless of their actual value because of the perceived utility or aesthetic value of the items or strong sentimental attachment to the possessions. The accumulation of things fill up and clutter active living areas to the extent that their intended use is no longer possible. Individuals with hoarding disorder often have possessions that spill beyond the active living areas of the home and can occupy and impair the use of other spaces Hoarding disorder cannot apply if it results from a medical condition What is the recommended treatment for OCD? To what is a person "exposed" in ERP? What is the "response prevention" part? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔form of behavioral therapy known as exposure and response prevention therapy (ERP). Exposure and ritual prevention enhances the brain's emotional learning by changing connections in the brain's response to emotional stimuli circuitry.
Prolonged exposures to obsessional cues and strict prevention of rituals have been found to be more efficacious than medication. The exposure typically is graduated, beginning with situations that evoke low anxiety and then moving on to higher levels of anxiety-provoking stimuli as clients become habituated to the lower levels. It is important to not terminate the exposure while the person's level of distress is still high; thus exposure sessions should last from 45 minutes to 2 hours, to allow ample time for anxiety to rise and then fall. They are encouraged to practice it outside of the office. Do those with hoarding disorder usually seek treatment voluntarily? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔No, they are ashamed and embarassed What are 3 of the main symptom categories of PTSD in the DSM and one typical symptom in each category? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Criterion B - intrusion symptoms Recurrent, involuntary, and intrusive distressing memories of the traumatic event Criterion C - avoidance of stimuli associated with the traumatic event
What are 4 DSM symptoms in the criteria for a substance use disorder? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Impaired Control - the individual may express a persistent desire to cut down or regulate substance use and may report multiple unsuccessful efforts to decrease or discontinue use. Social Impairment - the individual may continue substance use despite having persistent or recurrent social or interpersonal problems caused or exacerbated by the effects of the substance. Risky use - the individual may continue substance use despite knowledge of having a persistent or recurrent physical or psychological problem that is likely to have been caused or exacerbated by the substance. Pharmacological Criteria - tolerance is signaled by requiring a markedly increased dose of the substance to achieve the desired effect or a markedly reduced effect when the usual dose is consumed. How many symptoms are required and over what period of time for Alcohol Use Disorder? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔at least 2 symptoms within a 12-month period
Besides typical symptoms of being "under the influence" (slurred speech, incoordination), what else is needed for the DSM diagnosis of alcohol intoxication? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Unsteady gait Nystagmus Impairment in attention or memory Stupor or coma What are 2 similarities of the criteria for gambling disorder and the substance use disorders (consider applying the terms of "impaired control and social impairment" or elements of tolerance and withdrawal). - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔the increasing amounts necessary to achieve desired excitement or feelings (tolerance) restlessness or irritability when they attempt to cut down or stop (withdrawal) give an example of the pre-contemplation stage regarding problematic alcohol use. - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔people are not thinking seriously about changing and are not interested in any kind of help. They tend to defend their current behavior and do not feel it is a problem. They may be defensive in the face of other people's efforts to pressure them to change
Criteria B - intense fear of gaining weight or becoming fat or a persistent behavior that interferes with gaining weight Criteria C - disturbance in self-perceived weight or shape 2 specifiers of anorexia nervousa? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔"Restricting type" - individual achieves weight loss through dieting, fasting, and/or excessive exercise "Binge-eating/Purging type" - individual has recurrent episodes of binge eating and purging behavior such as vomiting, misuse of laxatives, diuretics, or enemas. How is severity rated for anorexia nervousa? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔BMI Characteristics of bulimia nervosa - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Recurrent episodes of binge eating and recurrent inappropriate compensatory behaviors in order to prevent weight gain, such as self-induced vomiting, misuse of laxatives, diuretics, or other medications; fasting; or excessive exercise. What is involved in a binge? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔(1) eating, in a period of time, a larger amount of food than what most individuals would eat in a similar period of time under
similar circumstances. (2) a sense of lack of control over eating during this episode. What is the key distinction between bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Binge eating disorder involves binge eating but does not engage in regular inappropriate compensatory behaviors. For the person with bulimia, what are common triggers for binges? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔tension and anxiety, food cravings, unhappiness, inability to control appetite, hunger, and insomnia What is the possible gain of self-induced vomiting? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔increase feelings of self-control and to reduce anxiety as well as controlling their weight. What are 3 distinct research-supported treatments for bulimia, anorexia, and BED? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Enhanced Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Dialectical Behavior Therapy Interpersonal Therapy How common is binge eating disorder relative to other eating disorders? (326) Treatable? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔The
For ADHD, what are 3 examples of inattentive symptoms? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Often having difficulty sustaining attention to tasks or play activities Often not seeming to listen when spoken to directly Often not following through on instructions and fails to finish schoolwork, chores, or duties in the workplace. For ADHD, what are 3 hyperactivity-impulsivity symptoms? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Often fidgets with or taps hands or feet or squirms in seat Often talks excessively Often has difficulty waiting his or her turn. In how many settings do symptoms need to be evident for ADHD? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔two or more settings What combination of tics makes Tourette's disorder distinctive among the tic disorders? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔multiple motor and one or more vocal tics.
What are 2 helpful components to include in interventions for autism spectrum disorders? Under prognosis, what is the most important factor for a positive outcome for ASD? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Early intervention and intensive, behavioral based treatment is key in autism spectrum disorder. Using a child's interests to encourage the use of verbal language as primary form of communication. Training parents to increase their child's communication. Early intervention appears to be the most important factor related to a positive outcome. What are 4 components in the treatment for ADHD? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔classroom teaching strategies, parent management training, behavioral interventions, and medications What medications are effective in treating ADHD? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔stimulants
The behaviors of oppositional defiant disorder is typically of a less severe nature than those with conduct disorder and do not include aggression toward individuals or animals, destruction of property, or a pattern of theft or deceit. Furthermore, oppositional defiant disorder includes problems of emotional dysregulation that are not included in conduct disorder. Why do those with pyromania set fires? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔build-up of tension or arousal before setting the fire and experience pleasure, gratification, or relief when setting the fire, witnessing its effects or participating in its aftermath. Fire setting is NOT done for what other reasons? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔It is not done for monetary gain, as an expression of sociopolitical ideology, to conceal criminal activity, to express anger or vengeance, to improve one's living circumstances, in response to a delusion of hallucination, or as a result of impaired judgment. How does kleptomania differ from ordinary shoplifting? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Ordinary shoplifting is deliberate and is motivated by the usefulness of the object or its monetary worth. The objects stolen by those with kleptomania typically have little value to the individual who could have afforded to pay for them and often gives them away or discards them.
What is one of the most studied treatment for ODD (and CD)? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔parent management training What is the focus of parent management training (PMT)? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔teaches parents how to maintain discipline, monitor children's behaviors, and provide positive reinforcement. What is the outcome of parent management training intervention? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔reduces aggression and oppositional behaviors and increases prosocial behaviors. If kleptomania-like symptoms have a sudden onset, what must be done first in treatment? Why? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔a medical evaluation should initially be conducted to rule out any medical conditions that may have precipitated the onset of the disorder. Epilepsy, traumatic brain injury, and other head trauma have been reported to occur before sudden onset of kleptomania.
