Psychoanalysis - Sigmund Freud, Slides of Sociology

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PSYCHOANALYSIS

Sigmund Freud

Austrian Psychoanalyst Born: May 6, 1856, Pribor, Czechoslovakia Died: September 23, 1939 (aged 83), London, England Subjects of Study: o (^) Human sexual behavior o (^) Primitive culture o (^) Personality o (^) Moses o (^) Dream

Although Freud had two older half- brothers, his strongest if also most ambivalent attachment seems to have been to a nephew, John, one year his senior, who provided the model of intimate friend and hated rival that Freud reproduced often at later stages of his life.

Although Freud’s family had limited finances, his parents made every effort to support his intellectual capacities. In 1859 the Freud family was compelled for economic reasons to move to Leipzig and then a year after to Vienna, where Freud remained until the Nazi annexation of Austria 78 years later.

VIEW OF HUMAN NATURE

Freud basically views the human nature as deterministic. Freud was mostly neutral or pessimistic about the nature of human. According to six dimensions (Feist & Feist, 2009), Freud’s view of human nature can be summarized as follows: Deterministic, causal, pessimistic, unconscious, biological and both unique/similar.

THERAPEUTIC PROCESS

To make the unconscious conscious or increase client awareness. To help the client develop greater ego-control or self-control over unhealthy or maladaptive impulses. To help the client dispose of maladaptive or unhealthy internalized objects and replace them with more adaptive internalized objects. To repair self-defects through mirroring, presenting a potentially idealized object, and expressing empathy during

CULTURAL ISSUES

 (^) Freud was a member of a western society, dominated by males. He came from the majority of European well-off males, and so his approach of viewing things came from his membership of this kind of class  (^) He was a Jew who faced an ongoing prejudice among people in Vienna. He was struggling with conflicts between his cultural heritages as well as his religion and the pervasive influence of anti-Semitism during his time

CULTURAL ISSUES

 (^) Freud’s theory grew out based on a small and unrepresentative sample of people, restricted to him and to those who sought psychoanalysis with him. SOCIAL ISSUES  (^) In relation to women, some feminists have challenged Freud’s view of women, suggesting he looked at them as second-class citizens who were somehow lacking as compared to his male companions (Neukrug, 2011).

SPIRITUAL ISSUES

 (^) Freud admitted that he was an atheist. Although an Atheist, he had complex views of religion. According to him, belief in God was partly remnants of projections from early tribes. He believed that early tribes needed to find an external force that would control their primal urges. In order to do so, they find a way to prevent in killing one another which is to create a God to pray to and to bestow everything to God as an agent to control their internal drives