Understanding Research Data: Types, Qualitative vs. Quantitative, Exercises of Earth science

Download Understanding Research Data: Types, Qualitative vs. Quantitative and more Exercises Earth science in PDF only on Docsity!

GRADE 10-APPLIED RESEARCH II

Second Quarter /Week 1

WHAT I NEED TO KNOW

After this module, you are expected to identify the different types of research data. Specifically, you should be able to:

1. Identify the four main types of data based on methods for collection
2. Categorized gathered information as qualitative or quantitative data

WHAT I KNOW

Multiple Choice. Choose the best answer to make the statements complete. Writ the answer of your choice on your answer sheet.

1. Research date that are captures through observation of a behavior or activity. a. Observational data c. Simulation data b. Experimental data d. Derived/Compiled data
2. Quantitative data are the result of ___________or __________ attributes of a population. a. Counting or categorizing c. Counting or measuring b. Measuring or describing d. Categorizing or describing
3. Typically allows the researcher to determine a casual relationship and is typically projectable to a larger population. This type of data is often reproducible. a. Observational data c. Simulation data b. Experimental data d. Derived/Compiled data
4. All data that are the result of __________________ are quantitative continuous data. a. Counting c. Categorizing b. Measuring d. Describing
5. Quantitative data are used to address the ______ or _____ aspects of a research question. a. “what” or “how many” c. “what or “why” b. “how” or “why” d. “how many” or “why”
6. All data that are the result of measuring are ______________________ assuming that we can measure accurately. a. Quantitative discrete data c. Qualitative discrete data b. Quantitative continuous data d. Qualitative continuous data
7. Data that are generated by imitating the operation of a real-world process or system over time using computer test models. a. Observational data c. Simulation data b. Experimental data d. Derived/Compiled data
8. The data are the colors of backpacks. One student has a red backpack, two students have black backpacks, one student has a green backpack, and one student has a gray backpack. The colors are red, black, green, and gray are ______________. a. Quantitative data c. Simulation data b. Qualitative data d. Experimental data
9. The data are the number of books the students carry in their backpacks. You have five students. Two students carry three books, one student carries four books, one student carries two books, and one student carries one book. The numbers of books (three, four, two, and one) are the __________________________. a. Quantitative discrete data c. Qualitative discrete data b. Quantitative continuous data d. Qualitative continuous data

10. The data are the weights of backpacks with books in them. You sample 5 students. The weights (in pounds) of their backpacks are 6.2, 7, 6.8, 9.1 and 4.3. Weights are ______________________ because weights are measured. a. Quantitative discrete data c. Qualitative discrete data b. Quantitative continuous data d. Qualitative continuous data

LESSON 1: RESEARCH DATA

Research data is any information that has been collected, observed, generated, or created to validate original research findings. It comes in many different formats and is gathered using a wide variety of methodologies. Research data can take many forms. It might be documents, spreadsheets, laboratory notebooks, field notebooks, diaries, questionnaires, transcripts, codebooks, audiotapes, videotapes, photographs, films, test responses, slides, artefacts, specimens, samples, collections of digital outputs, data files, database contents (video, audio, text, images), models, algorithms, scripts, contents of an application (input, output, logfiles for analysis software, simulation software, schemas), methodologies and workflows, standard operating procedures and protocols. This module will help you have a better understanding in which research data are gathered and used across various academic disciplines.

WHAT’S IN

Identify which section of the IMRaD format is being described by the following. Write your answers in your answer sheet.

1. Explains why this research is important or necessary or important.
2. Summarizes the main findings and connect them to other research.
3. Tells readers how you conducted your study.
4. In this section, you present your findings.
5. The “gold standard” of this section is that it should enable readers to duplicate your study.

WHAT’S NEW

Research data may be grouped into four main types based on methods for collection: observational, experimental, simulation, and derived.

1. OBSERVATIONAL DATA - captured through observation of a behavior or activity. It is collected using methods such as human observation, open-ended surveys, or the use of an instrument or sensor to monitor and record information. Because observational data are captured in real time, it would be very difficult or impossible to re-create if lost. 2. EXPERIMENTAL DATA - collected through active intervention by the researcher to produce and measure change or to create difference when a variable is altered. Experimental data typically allows the researcher to determine a causal relationship and is typically projectable to a larger population. This type of data are often reproducible, but it often can be expensive to do so. 3. SIMULATION DATA - generated by imitating the operation of a real-world process or system over time using computer test models. For example, to predict weather conditions, economic models, chemical reactions, or seismic activity. This method is used to try to determine what would, or could, happen under certain conditions. The test model used is often as, or even more, important than the data generated from the simulation.

4. DERIVED/COMPILED DATA

• involves using existing data points, often from different data sources, to create new data through some sort of transformation, such as an arithmetic formula or aggregation. For example, combining area and population data from the Twin Cities metro area to create population density data. While this type of data can usually be replaced if lost, it may be very time-consuming (and possibly expensive) to do so. Activity 1 I. Identify what type of data will be produced from the given examples based on their methods of collection. Write your answers in your answer sheet.

1. Measurements taken from chemical reactions.
2. Researcher takes previously collected phenotype data, and combines it with newly generated genotype data.
3. An astronomer looking at the night sky and recording data regarding the movement and brightness of the objects he sees.
4. Integration of the seismic actions in the form of numerical models.
5. Whether or not a certain coupon attached to the outside of a catalog makes recipients more likely to order products from a mail-order company. II. Give a study that will produce the following type of data. Write your answers in your answer sheet. Research Data Study Observational Data Experimental Data Simulation Data Derived/Compiled Data

LESSON 2: QUALITATIVE and QUANTITATIVE DATA

Research topics may be approached using either quantitative or qualitative methods. Choosing one method or the other depends on what you believe would provide the best evidence for your research objectives. Researchers sometimes choose to incorporate both qualitative and quantitative data in their research since these methods provide different perspectives on the topic. QUALITATIVE DATA

• describes qualities or characteristics. It is collected using questionnaires, interviews, or observation, and frequently appears in narrative form. Qualitative data may be difficult to precisely measure and analyze. It is defined as non-numerical data, the data may be in the form of descriptive words that can be examined for patterns or meaning, sometimes using

coding. Coding allows the researcher to categorize qualitative data to identify themes that correspond with the research questions and to perform quantitative analysis.

• The result of categorizing or describing attributes of a population. Examples of Qualitative data: Hair color Shape of candies Blood type sex (male/female) Ethnic group nationality QUANTITATIVE DATA
• used when a researcher is trying to quantify a problem or address the "what" or "how many" aspects of a research question. It is data that can either be counted or compared on a numeric scale. This data is usually gathered using instruments, such as a questionnaire which includes a ratings scale or a thermometer to collect weather data. Statistical analysis software, such as SPSS, is often used to analyze quantitative data.
• The result of counting or measuring attributes of a population. Example of Qualitative data: Amount of money you have Height Weight Number of people living in your barangay Number of students who passed the exam Quantitative data may be either discrete or continuous. Quantitative Discrete Data
• Data that are the result of counting
• These data take on only certain numerical values. These values do not have to be whole numbers. Example of Quantitative Discrete Data
• The number of customers who bought different items
• The number of computers in each department
• The number of items you buy at the grocery store each week Quantitative Continuous Data
• All data that are the result of measuring assuming that we can measure accurately.
• These numbers are not always clean and tidy like those found in discrete data, as they are usually collected from precise measurements. Example of Quantitative Continuous Data
• The weight of newborn babies
• The daily wind speed
• The temperature of a freezer

Activity 2 I. Determine the correct data type (quantitative or qualitative). Indicate whether the quantitative data are continuous or discrete. Write your answers in your answer sheet.

1. The number of pairs of shoes you own
2. The type of car you drive
3. The place where you go on vacation
4. The distance it is from your home to the nearest grocery store
5. The number of classes you take per school year.
6. The tuition for your classes
7. The type of calculator you use
8. Movie ratings
9. Political party preferences
10. Weights of sumo wrestlers
11. Amount of money (in dollars) won playing poker
12. Number of correct answers on a quiz
13. Peoples’ attitudes toward the government
14. IQ scores
15. The areas of lawns in square feet. II. Write at least three (3) other examples of: (Write your answers in your answer sheet. ) a. Qualitative Data

16. ---

17. ---

18. ---

b. Quantitative Discrete Data

1. ---

2. ---

3. ---

c. Quantitative Continuous Data

1. ---

2. ---

3. ---

WHAT IS IT

Activity 3 Provide an example of a collected data for each of the type of research data and identify whether it is qualitative or quantitative data. Write your answers in your answer sheet. Research Data Collected Data Quantitative/Qualitative Observational Data Experimental Data Simulation Data Derived/Compiled Data

WHAT’S MORE

Qualitative vs. Quantitative Sorting Activity Sort the following descriptions/words below if they were for quantitative or qualitative data. Copy the table in your answer sheet. Qualitative Data Quantitative Data

WHAT I HAVE LEARNED

THE EXIT CARD

EXIT CARD. In a short bond paper (8.5 inches by 11.0 inches). Fold it halfway until such it shows like a queue card. Make some designs like you can add creative writings, calligraphy font styles etc. The deal here is to create an exit card that shows the following brackets.

1. The things I learned : write at least 3 things you learned from your lesson. You can write the reasons, provided just briefly explain each to not be able to occupy much of the space.
2. The things I am still confused: 3 ideas you’re still confused. Write something why you still find it hard to learn?

WHAT I CAN DO

Qualitative VS Quantitative

Suppose that you are a medical researcher studying the corona virus. Give two examples each of

qualitative data and quantitative data that you could be obtained from studying the virus.

a. Qualitative Data

1. __________________________________

2. __________________________________

b. Quantitative Data

1. ---

2. ---

`The gummy worm increased by 2 inches. The sample contained 3 different types of bacteria. There were four dogs in the group. The dogs were small. The patient complained of aches and pains. The parrots range from bright green to dark red. The leaves on the first plant specimen appeared healthier. The birds were young. The first plant specimen had 3 more leaves than the second specimen. The leaves on the second plant specimen were green, while the leaves on the first plant specimen were turning brown.

ASSESSMENT

I. Indicate what type of Research Data is described/defined by the following statements. Write your answer in your answer sheet.

1. Data that are the result of counting
2. Collected through active intervention by the researcher to produce and measure change or to create difference when a variable is altered.
3. Involves using existing data points, often from different data sources, to create new data
4. The result of counting or measuring attributes of a population.
5. data are captured in real time thus it would be very difficult or impossible to re-create if lost.
6. All data that are the result of measuring assuming that we can measure accurately.
7. Describes qualities or characteristics.
8. These numbers are not always clean and tidy like those found in discrete data, as they are usually collected from precise measurements.
9. It is defined as non-numerical data.
10. Allows the researcher to determine a causal relationship and is typically projectable to a larger population. II. Write QLTY if it is a qualitative data and QNTY if it is quantitative data. Write your answer in your answer sheet.
11. Dolphins in a pod engage in play behavior.
12. Dolphins eat the equivalent of 4-5% of their body mass each day.
13. Dolphin colors range from gray to white.
14. The sonar frequency most often used by the dolphins is around 100kHz.
15. There are nine dolphins in this pod.

ADDITIONAL ACTIVITIES

III. List down the limitations of a qualitative and quantitative data (3 limitations each). Write your answer in your answer sheet. Qualitative Data

1. ---

2. ---

3. ---

Quantitative Data

1. ---

2. ---

3. ---

REFERENCES: https://learn.g2.com/discrete-vs-continuous-data https://libguides.macalester.edu/c.php?g=527786&p= https://courses.lumenlearning.com/odessa-introstats1-1/chapter/sampling-and-data/ https://www.simplypsychology.org/qualitative-quantitative.html https://www.cusd80.com/cms/lib/AZ01001175/Centricity/Domain/8456/Qualitative%20and%20Quan titative%20Data%20Individual%20Worksheet.pdf