Test II Prep: Infinite Series, Taylor Polynomials, Power Series, and Conics, Exams of Calculus

An overview of the topics that will be covered in test ii, including infinite series, taylor polynomials, power series, and conics. Students are encouraged to understand the basic concepts, learn how to do problems, and study sample problems. Key ideas, such as the difference between sequences and series, testing a series for convergence, and deriving the equation of a conic. It also includes representative sample problems.

Typology: Exams

2011/2012

Uploaded on 02/17/2012

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Sample Problems for Test II
NOTE: The test will contain problems that require straightforward computation, problems that require some
thought, as well as questions about basic definitions. The best strategy to prepare for the test is to make
sure that you (i) understand the basic concepts introduced in each section, (ii) know how to do (by yourself)
as many of the following as possible: the homework and quiz problems, the worked examples in the text, the
sugggested problems, and the following sample problems.
The test will cover sections 8.2 - 8.10 (excluding the root test in section 8.6) and 9.1 - 9.2. The key ideas
are the following.
Infinite Series
1. You should know the difference between a sequence and a series.
2. Given the nth term of a series, you should be able to write down the term for a particular value of
n. Given the first few terms, you should be able to identify the pattern and write down the formula
for the nth term.
3. You should understand what is meant by the sum of a series. Definitions of nth partial sum, conver-
gence and divergence.
4. You should know when a geometric series converges and what its sum is.
5. Convergence tests: (i) nth term test, (ii) integral test (and as a corollary, the p-series test), (iii) alter-
nating series test, (iv) ratio test. You should be able to estimate the error involved in approximating
an alternating infinite series by a finite sum.
6. Definitions of absolute and conditional convergence.
7. Check out pages 601 and 602 of the text about strategies for testing a series for convergence or
divergence.
Taylor Polynomials
1. Definition of a Taylor polynomial. You should know how to construct the Taylor polynomial Tn(x) of
a given degree n, for a given f(x),about a given center c.
2. You should know what the formula for the remainder Rnis, and how it can be used to estimate the
error of approximating fby Tn.
Power series
1. You should know how to test a power series for comvergence. Learn the definitions of, and the method
of finding, radius of convergence and interval of convergence.
2. Understand that within its interval of convergence, a power series represents a function, and that within
the radius of convergence the power series can be differentiated or integrated without change in radius
of convergence.
3. Binomial series.
4. Constructing new power series from old by adding, multiplying, integrating or differentiating known
series.
Conics and parametric curves
1. You should be able to derive the equation of a conic from given information.
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Sample Problems for Test II

NOTE: The test will contain problems that require straightforward computation, problems that require some thought, as well as questions about basic definitions. The best strategy to prepare for the test is to make sure that you (i) understand the basic concepts introduced in each section, (ii) know how to do (by yourself) as many of the following as possible: the homework and quiz problems, the worked examples in the text, the sugggested problems, and the following sample problems.

The test will cover sections 8.2 - 8.10 (excluding the root test in section 8.6) and 9.1 - 9.2. The key ideas are the following.

Infinite Series

  1. You should know the difference between a sequence and a series.
  2. Given the n th term of a series, you should be able to write down the term for a particular value of n. Given the first few terms, you should be able to identify the pattern and write down the formula for the n th term.
  3. You should understand what is meant by the sum of a series. Definitions of n th partial sum, conver- gence and divergence.
  4. You should know when a geometric series converges and what its sum is.
  5. Convergence tests: (i) n th term test, (ii) integral test (and as a corollary, the p -series test), (iii) alter- nating series test, (iv) ratio test. You should be able to estimate the error involved in approximating an alternating infinite series by a finite sum.
  6. Definitions of absolute and conditional convergence.
  7. Check out pages 601 and 602 of the text about strategies for testing a series for convergence or divergence.

Taylor Polynomials

  1. Definition of a Taylor polynomial. You should know how to construct the Taylor polynomial Tn(x) of a given degree n, for a given f (x), about a given center c.
  2. You should know what the formula for the remainder Rn is, and how it can be used to estimate the error of approximating f by Tn.

Power series

  1. You should know how to test a power series for comvergence. Learn the definitions of, and the method of finding, radius of convergence and interval of convergence.
  2. Understand that within its interval of convergence, a power series represents a function, and that within the radius of convergence the power series can be differentiated or integrated without change in radius of convergence.
  3. Binomial series.
  4. Constructing new power series from old by adding, multiplying, integrating or differentiating known series.

Conics and parametric curves

  1. You should be able to derive the equation of a conic from given information.
  1. You should know the standard equations for the various conics, and their geometric attributes (such as center, focal points, major and minor axes, eccentricity, asymptotes, etc).
  2. Given an equation of a conic in general form, you should be able to convert it into a standard form and identify the conic.
  3. Given the parametric equations of a curve, you should be able to sketch it.
  4. Given the parametric equations of a curve, you should be able to compute its slope and arc length. You should also be able to set up integrals to compute the area beneath the curve, as well as the volume and surface area of revolution.

Sample Problems (representative; do not constitute an exhaustive set)

  1. (a) Use the integral test to check the convergence of the series

1 3 /k

(b) A rubber ball is dropped from a height of 4 meters and bounces back to half its height after each fall. If it continues to bounce indefinitely, what is the total distance travelled by the ball?

  1. Consider the power series

1 10

2(x + 3) 11

4(x + 3)^2 12

8(x + 3)^3 13

(a) What is the center of this series? (b) What is the general term (i.e., the n th term) of the series? (c) Find the number R such that the series converges for |x + 3| < R and diverges for |x + 3| > R. (d) In its interval of convergence the series sums to the function f (x), say. Is it reasonable to use the series to approximate f (2.5)? How about f (3.5)? (Think radius of convergence.)

  1. Consider the function

f (x) =

1 + x

(a) Compute the first 4 terms of the power series about x = 0. (b) By using the series computed in part (a) or otherwise, compute the first four terms of the power series about x = 0 for the functions ln(1 + x) and 1/(1 + x)^2. (c) Compute the first four terms of the power series of f (x) about x = − 4.

  1. Use the given power series of 1 /(1 − x), ex, sin x and cos x (see text) to find power series for the following functions, centered at x = 0. In each case find the interval of convergence.

e−x

2 ,

sin x x

, 2 xex

2 ,

1 − x

1 + x

  1. Consider the curve defined by the parametric equations

x = cos t, y = et, 0 ≤ t ≤ π/ 2.

(a) In which quadrant(s) of the xy -plane does the curve lie? (b) Find an expression for the slope of the curve as a function of t. Does the curve have any horizontal or vertical tangents? If so, at which points? (c) Draw a rough sketch of the curve. (d) Find an integral for the length of the curve, but do not evaluate it. (e) Find an integral for the volume of the solid generated when the curve is rotated about the x -axis, but do not evaluate it.