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Simple & Compound Sentences
- Simple Sentence Ex: The cow jumps over the moon. = one independent clause
- Compound Sentence Independent clauses may be joined by a = two or more independent clauses joined by conjunction(s) semicolon (used alone or with a transition). Ex: The cow jumps over the moon, and the fork ran away with the spoon. Directions: Label the following sentences as simple (S) , compound (CD) , or fragment (FR). _____1. Gina and Rick will conduct the experiment in chemistry class today. _____2. Sara worked last summer and saved enough money for a computer. _____3. The entire crowd waited and quietly, and Niki walked to the line and made the free throw. _____4. The delivery person arrived late, but the pizza was still warm. _____5. The people in the home stands threw paper onto the floor; consequently, the referee called a foul on the home team. _____6. When Mrs. Levinson assigned the difficult paper. _____7. Jack is on the yearbook staff this year; he won’t be writing for the newspaper. _____8. Outside of school, the students. _____9. What time does the next plane leave? _____10. I hope to catch up on my reading during spring break.
Directions: Identify the following sentences as simple (S) , compound (CD) , fused (FD) , or fragments (FR). _____1. Some inventions are created by accident. _____2. Walter E. Diemer worked for a chewing-gum company. _____3. He was an accountant, but he wanted to improve the company’s gum. _____4. Because he wanted chewier gum. _____5. He didn’t succeed, but he did come up with something. _____6. He produced a mixture, it could be blown into bubbles. _____7. This mixture was the first bubble gum. _____8. Which Diemer added pink food coloring. _____9. The gum was fun to chew, and the color made it attractive. _____10. If Walter Diemer had not experimented. _____11. He would not have discovered bubble gum, and we might not have it today.
Directions: Combine the following simple sentences into two compound sentences.
- Over 1,000 years ago the Maya of Mexico chewed chicle. Native Americans later taught European settlers to chew gum.
- Modern chewing gum was originally made with sugar. In the mid-1900s, companies began making sugarless gum.
Identifying Dependent Clauses in Complex Sentences
Directions: Circle underline the entire dependent clause. the word that sets off the dependent clause in each sentence. Then,
- George played football while Betsy went shopping.
- Although Pittsburgh has the better football team, it lost.
- The woman whom my mom talked to sells cosmetics.
- The book that Jonathan read is on the shelf.
- The house, which Abraham Lincoln was born in, is still standing.
- The town where I grew up is in the United States.
- When he handed in his homework, he forgot to give the teacher the last page.
- The teacher returned the homework after she noticed the error.
- The students are studying because they have a test tomorrow.
- After they finished studying, Carl and Maria went to the movies.
Trigger Words : Words that usually begin a dependent clause.
Directions: Using two different colors, highlight or underline independent and dependent clauses. Afterward, label each sentence type (S, CD, CX). _____1. Before weather forecasters used satellites and radar, people looked for clues in nature for predicting the weather. _____2. Since people did not have sophisticated equipment, they watched the behavior of animals, birds, and insects. _____3. Some signs are reliable, but others should not be trusted. _____4. Here are some examples of what people once believed. _____5. If you can see a groundhog’s shadow on February 2, there will be six more weeks of winter. _____6. When the sky is red at sunset, good weather will follow. _____7. When the sky is red at sunrise, the weather can’t be trusted. _____8. Germans kept frogs to predict rain because frogs croak more in low air pressure. _____9. Pinecones have been used to forecast weather because they open up in dry weather. _____10. They close up when the weather is damp. _____11. We are lucky that weather forecasting techniques have improved.
Punctuating Sentence Types
Compound Sentences
a comma and a coordinating conjunction(and, but, or, for, nor, so) Road construction can be inconvenient,but it is necessary.
a semicolon when the second clausedirectly relates to the first^ Road construction in Dallas has hinderedtravel around town; streets have become covered with bulldozers, trucks, and cones. a semicolon and conjunctive adverb when the second clause indirectly relates to the first after all also in additionhowever neverthelessnext as a result besides incidentallyindeed on the contrarynonetheless consequently finally in other wordsin fact on the other handotherwise for example for example (^) likewiseinstead (^) thenstill furthermore hence meanwhilemoreover thereforethus
Road construction in Dallas has hinderedtravel around town; consequently, streets have become covered with bulldozers,trucks, and cones.
Complex Sentences
an independent clause followed by adependent clause^ Many people have opted to ride bicycles orwalk to work because road construction has hindered travel around town.
an introductory dependent clause followedby a comma and the independent clause^ Because road construction has hinderedtravel around town, many people have opted to ride bicycles or walk to work.
Compound-Complex
an introductory dependent clause followedby a comma and an independent clause
comma and a coordinating conjunctionseparate 2 independent clauses with a
When it is filtered, water is cleaner, and it tastes better.
an introductory dependent clause followedby a comma and an independent clause
semicolon and conjunctive adverb whenseparate 2 independent clauses by a the second clause indirectly relates to thefirst
When it is filtered, water is cleaner and tastes better; all things considered, it isbetter for you.
Directions: Punctuate each sentence then label it: simple (S), compound (CD), complex (CX), or compound-complex (CC).
_____1. Ottawa is the capital of Canada but Toronto is the capital of Ontario _____2. Democracy is a noble goal it is important however to protect the minority from the tyranny of the majority. _____3. I do not own a Porsche _____4. Call your father as soon as you arrive in Antigonish _____5. I ate the sushi and left the restaurant _____6. Unless my girlfriend postpones her visit from Calgary I will not have time to study for my exam. _____7. Susanne wanted to be here but she cannot come because her car is in the shop. _____8. The football game was canceled because it was raining _____9. When the train arrives and if Ms. Langlois is on it she will be served with a subpoena. _____10. Lying exposed without its blanket of snow the ice on the river melts quickly under the warm March sun. _____11. Although my friend invited me to a party I do not want to go
