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Study guide Diagnostics Reasoning Test Questions and Answers Graded A+ disease. clinical reasoning process used by practitioners to plan, direct, perform, and reflect on client care. It involves application of analysis and evaluation and inference Sensitivity The ability of the test to determine who has the disease Specificity The ability to identify correctly those who do not have the refers to how close a measured value is to an accepted Accuracy value. The test the measure what it was designed to mea- sure; proportion of all tests Precision The degree to which repeated measurements show the same result. High frequency sound waves are directed at an internal Ultrasound body structure and a record is made of the waves pulses as they are reflected back through the tissues. example of ultrasound Abdominal, breast, Scrotal, thyroid, vaginal, pelvic Reasons for performing ultrasound studies To determine whether a lump or another abnormality is fluid filled cyst or a solid tumor To stage a tumor to evaluate pregnancy and placenta Reasons for performing ultrasound status to detect a topic pregnancy to determine fetal status size and growth to Evaluate disorders of the arteries Advantages of ultrasounds There painless, noninvasive requires no I designing radi- ation and they can be repeated with no risk, Uses no dye a technique that uses magnetic fields and radio waves to MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) produce computer-generated images of soft tissue. MRI scans show brain anatomy. MRI is useful in these following evaluations Head and surrounding structures, face neck mediastinum heart and great vessels liver and biliary tree kidney
Study guide Diagnostics Reasoning Test Questions and Answers Graded A+ cles and joints advantage of MRI prostate bones and joints breasts extremities soft tissues in the pancreas Can be preformed on a patient without any health risk it's used to assess the response of cancer in radio therapy and chemotherapy Helpful diagnosis is used with MRIs Helpful and determination of anatomical changes in mus- Use for the diagnosis and treatment of numerous diseases and infectious process Microbiologic specimens Sources such as tissues, Organ biopsy, blood, urine, wound drainage, cervical secretions and sputum What department is the MRI located in Radiology What department would you send a patient to go for an ultrasound Radiology chest x-ray (CXR) It can indicate so much information about the heart, lungs, bony thorax, mediastinum, and great vessels Tumors of the lungs, heart, chest wall, and bony thorax, Data from a chest x-ray Criteria for diagnosis of diabetes inflammation of the lungs, fluid in the lungs, and fluid in the heart, air in the lungs, fractures of bones
- A1C e 6 .5%. OR
- Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG) e1 2 6 mg/dL. OR
- 2 - hour plasma glucose e2 0 0 mg/dL during an Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) using a 75 g glucose load. Microscopic studies
of potassium tion What does aldosterone do? Increases reabsorption of sodium and increases secretion An aldosterone (ALD) test measures the amount of ALD in your blood. It's also called a serum aldosterone test Measure the products excreted from the body via urine What is a urinalysis? and can be used to detect many ditterent diseases in the body. What are the components of blood? plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets What is an ESR and what does it test for? measures the rate at which RBC's settle out of plasma What does ESR stand for? Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate also known as Sed Rate Antibodies are proteins made by your immune system. They help your body recognize and fight infections. Anti- What is an antinuclear antibody panel (ANA) bodies normally target harmful substances, such as bac- teria and viruses, by activating the immune system to get rid of them When will you order an ANA Your doctor will likely order an ANA panel if you have signs or symptoms of an autoimmune disorder is used to detect and manage a wide range of disorders, When would you order a urinalysis such as urinary tract infections, kidney disease and dia- betes What does the rheumatoid factor measure the amount of the RF antibody present in the blood. What does anti-DNA measure To help diagnose and monitor lupus (systemic lupus ery- thematosus, SLE) What is a PSA test? PROSTATE SPECIFIC ANTIGEN, detects prostate inflamma- What is a DEXA scan? What test do you use to measure aldosterone
The preferred method for determining bone mass is the Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry Scan or DEXA. This uti- lizes two X-Ray energy sources to determine the bone mineral content or bone mass. The DEXA scan defines osteoporosis as a bone mineral density (T Score) that is 2.5 SD below the mean peak value in younger adults. The Z Score is also determined and is a comparison with the mean value in normal subjects the same age and sex. The severity of osteoporosis is determined by the bone values.
travels to areas of the body that have a high metabolic rate. Ex, cancers have high metabolic rates! There should be NO intake of alcohol, catteine, or smoking for 24 hours before a PET scan because that can inhibit the uptake of the radioactive agent.* Determine bone density, texture, erosion and changes in bone relationship. x-ray technique for determining density of bone per- formed in the nuclear med area What do you order for an elevated glucose Hemoglobin A- 1 C Abdominal x-rays without radiopaque contrast agents may be done to check for positioning of ureteral stents or to monitor position and growth of kidney stones OR Ul- trasonography can provide useful images of many GU Radiology studies specific to genitourinary complaints structures without exposing patients to ionizing radiation OR Computed tomography provides a broad view of the urinary tract and surrounding structures. OR MRI is safer for patients at risk of contrast nephropathy, does not ex- pose patients to ionizing radiation, and provides superior soft-tissue detail (but images bones and calculi poorly) Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) progressive, irreversible, loss of renal function, and the onset of uremia a blood test that checks how well your kidneys are filtering Diagnostic test to detect chronic kidney disease Went to order thyroid testing your blood, called GFR. GFR stands for glomerular filtra- tion rate. thyroid tests to check how well your thyroid is working and to find the cause of problems such as hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism Lab tests with thyroid thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). Bone X-ray Bone Densitometry (DEXA)
Thyroid testing helps to diagnose Hypothyroidism, hypothyroidism Common cause of hypothyroidism Hashimoto's disease Common cause of hyperthyroidism Graves disease Imaging used to diagnose a thyroid disorder Ultrasound, thyroid scan,Radio active uptake test How to diagnose a thyroid nodule Biopsy brittle nails, constipation, dry skin, enlarged thyroid, high Characteristics of Hypothyroidism Characteristics of hyperthyroidism Purpose of American College of radiology appropriate- ness criteria Discrepancies in reports What are incidental findings cholesterol, irritability, sensitivity to cold, sexual dysfunc- tion, slow heart rate, sluggishness, weight gain, or irreg- ular uterine bleeding. Symptoms include unexpected weight loss, rapid or irreg- ular heartbeat, sweating, and irritability, although the el- derly often experience no symptoms. Bulging eyes. weight loss, diarrhea, hair loss, muscle weakness, tremor, or warm skin The ACR Appropriateness Criteria® (AC) are evi- dence-based guidelines to assist referring physicians and other providers in making the most appropriate imaging or treatment decision for a specific clinical condition. are previously undiagnosed medical or psychiatric condi- tions that are discovered unintentionally and during eval- uation for a medical or psychiatric condition Specific Urine tests to diagnose diabetes Micro albumin, Ketone
