Download Test II | PSY 252 - Mind, Brain, and Behavior and more Quizzes Psychology in PDF only on Docsity!
Neuron
nerve cells (100 billion connects with +10-100 thousand) TERM 2
Glial cells
DEFINITION 2 non-neuronal cells that maintain homeostasis, form myelin, and provide support and protection for neurons in the brainratio of glial to neuron denotes biological complexity TERM 3
What's the resting potential inside axon?
DEFINITION 3 -70 MV inside axon TERM 4
Myelin Sheath
DEFINITION 4 Fatty layer around axon of neuron TERM 5
Node of Ravier
DEFINITION 5 space between myelin sheath -> creates high sodium levelswhere ion pumps located
Action potential
Action potential comes down, signals to vesicles to make way to edge of neuronThey then fuse w/ plasma membraneNeurotransmitter: released to synaptic cleftHook up to receiversNeurotransmitters determine speed of response b/c depends on # of synaptic gaps TERM 7
EPSP
DEFINITION 7 Dopamine [+ions into cell] TERM 8
IPSP
DEFINITION 8 Gabba [- ions into cell, +ions out of cell] TERM 9
Summation
DEFINITION 9 Adding of IPSP and EPSP TERM 10
Temporal Summation
DEFINITION 10 must be close in time
Chromatic Induction
physically identical things are not always perceived to be identicalgiven circumstances TERM 17
Bottom-up Processing
DEFINITION 17 processing based on environmental stimuliTo build up from lower level stim to make object; not just raw characteristics TERM 18
Top-down Processing
DEFINITION 18 Processing based on existing knowledge, expectations, ect. TERM 19
Primary Purpose of
Eyes
DEFINITION 19 Direct light to form image on back of eye Transform physical energy to neural energy => transduction TERM 20
Eye spot
DEFINITION 20 primitive, crude sensation of light
Pinhole eyes
had:
adjustable aperture TERM 22
Lensed
eyes
DEFINITION 22 better refraction, better image formation, crystallineadjustable focus TERM 23
Cornea
DEFINITION 23 outer layer of eye TERM 24
Pupil
DEFINITION 24 regulates amt. of light entering eye Expand when see something we like or catches our eyes Expand when exposed to stimuli that were previously seen TERM 25
Retina
DEFINITION 25 photoreceptors in back of eye
Trichromacy
any light can be matched by adjusting 3 primary colors: RGB TERM 32
Fovea
DEFINITION 32 part of retina used for fine detailno rods TERM 33
Photoreceptor Density Distribution
DEFINITION 33 In low light/to see faint object: Must look 150o to the side to make it out the best b/c fovea cant pick it up BUT retina can TERM 34
Blind Spot
DEFINITION 34 A blind spot, also known as a scotoma, is an obscuration of the visual field. no room for photoreceptors TERM 35
Saccades
DEFINITION 35 movement of the eye even when we perceive it as still
Where does 2/3 of our focusing power come
from?
The cornea TERM 37
What's the average time it takes to recognize
something via touch?
DEFINITION 37 1-2 seconds TERM 38
Meissner Corpuscles
DEFINITION 38 Specialization: light touch/fine detailsFast adaptingclosest to skin's surface TERM 39
Merkel Disc
DEFINITION 39 Specialization: low frequency vibrationsSlow adapting => stimulus must be presentsecond closest to skin's surface TERM 40
Ruffini
Endings
DEFINITION 40 deeper in dermis, high level of neural convergence, improves sensitivity Specialization: lateral skin stretching Slow adaptingsecond closest to skin's bottom
Mechanical
Respond to excess pressure (hitting hand in door) and tearing of skin TERM 47
Chemical
DEFINITION 47 Reacts to chems that could heart you like capsasienum (peppers) TERM 48
Sleeping/silent
DEFINITION 48 only respond once injury occurs TERM 49
A-Nerve
Endings
DEFINITION 49 sharp painfast adapting TERM 50
C-Nerve
Endings
DEFINITION 50 dull painslow adapting
2 point threshold
minimum distance neededbetween 2 points to feel 2 points of pressure versus 1 pointhands are good at it, backs not TERM 52
Olfactory Receptor
Neuron
DEFINITION 52 transduces smellslocated: mucushave: 40 milliontypes: 500- 1000 TERM 53
Glomeruli
DEFINITION 53 globes that house axons which contribute to transmissionLinks to piniform cortex, amygdala, and hippocampus TERM 54
Anosmia
DEFINITION 54 Inability to smell TERM 55
Who discovered conditioned food aversion?
DEFINITION 55 John Garcia
What's the audible human range?
20-20,000 Hzbest around3,000-4,000 Hz (human voice) TERM 62
Loudness
DEFINITION 62 Related to intensity (amplitude) TERM 63
Pitch
DEFINITION 63 related to frequency TERM 64
Timbre
DEFINITION 64 related to complexity of sound TERM 65
Spectra
DEFINITION 65 richness of sound
Envelope
dynamics of sound TERM 67
Pinnae
DEFINITION 67 collects sounds, amplifies by 10 dB TERM 68
Middle
Ear
DEFINITION 68 Sounds hit Tympanic Membrane (ear drum) and displace the ossicles The ossicles: Transform sound waves into vibrations Amplify sounds Transmit sounds from air to inner ear Consists of the Malleus, Incus, and Stapes TERM 69
Cochlea
DEFINITION 69 Filled w/ liquid When set in motion, stimulates hair cells which transduce mech. energy to neural energy Tonotopic tuning of cochlea: diff areas in cochlea encode diff frequencies High frequencies: maximally sensitive near base Low frequencies: maximally sensitive TERM 70
Distance
DEFINITION 70 close-far
Cones or rods adapt to max sensitivity in
least amount of time in low light conditions?
CONES
TERM 77
What happens when an action potential is
fired by a neuron?
DEFINITION 77 inside of axon shifts from neg to pos charge, relative to outsidebaseline is NEGATIVE
