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The Windows XP Layout
W HEN COMPARED TO OTHER MICROSOFT operating systems,Windows XP has many
important differences, ranging from capabilities to functions and security, but one rarely discussed area is the layout of Windows XP files and components.
Note Although the terms folder and directory are synonymous, Microsoft typically prefers to use folder. This falls in line with its endeavor to simplify computing for nontechnical users who might more readily understand the concepts of files and folders (like a filing cabinet) rather than files and directories.
This chapter looks at the file and folder structure created by a Windows XP installation, provides a roadmap for important programs, and discusses other issues related to file structure and layout.
Windows XP Directory Structures
The Windows XP installation routine makes several changes to your hard drives. Windows XP uses two different partitions to store its information: a system partition and a boot partition.These partitions can exist on a single physical partition or on two physi- cal partitions. Unfortunately, the way these terms are used is the reverse of common sense usage.The system partition is the partition containing the initial bootstrap compo- nents and the boot menu.The boot partition is the partition hosting the Windows XP root folder and all operational drivers and files.
The boot and system partition files can be located on the same partition, on different partitions, or even on different hard drives. However, the system partition must always be on the first hard drive in the system and must be an active primary partition.The boot partition can be a primary partition or a logical drive within an extended partition.
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System Partition
Table 3.1 shows the files contained on the system partition for an x86 computer.
Table 3.1 Files Located on the System Partition for an x86 Computer File Description NTLDR Controls the operating system boot selection process and hardware detection before the actual Windows XP Kernel is launched. It requires that boot.ini, ntdetect.com, bootsect.dos (if dual booting), and ntbootdd.sys (if booting on a non-BIOS enabled SCSI drive; that is, scsi() is used instead of multi() in the ARC name in boot.ini) exist in the root system partition. boot.ini Contains the contents of the boot menu displayed by NTLDR.This file contains the default operating system selection, the timeout peri- od for the selection, and an ARC name or pathname for each listed operating system boot selection. ntdetect.com Detects the major components of the computer before NTLDR selects a configuration and loads the Kernel. bootsect.dos Present only on dual-boot systems. NTLDR uses this file when the selected operating system is not Windows XP. Bootsect.dos in turn seeks out the OS-specific operating system loader file, such as io.sys for MS-DOS or os2ldr.exe for OS/2. ntbootdd.sys Used only on systems with SCSI drives that do not have on-board BIOS translation enabled. It is a copy of the device driver for your particular SCSI drive. hiberfil.sys Available if hibernation is enabled on the computer.
Note When BOOTSECT.DOS is installed using the DOS-mode setup (for example, a Windows 98 startup disk), the file will still appear, even though it is not really a dual-boot system, meaning there is no COMMAND.com to boot into DOS. In this scenario, there is only one OS entry in the boot.ini file, and the boot selection menu does not appear.
. (^) For more information on the boot.ini file, see Chapter 7, “Booting Windows XP,” p. 129. Other files can appear in the system partition on x86 dual-boot and multi-boot systems. The addition of these files does not affect the function or capabilities of the required Windows XP boot files in the system partition. Installing multiple operating systems on a single computer with Windows XP Professional (or Home Edition) often requires a specific installation order or manual post-installation configuration changes. Both the Microsoft Windows XP documentation and TechNet include detailed articles on
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The root of the boot partition is also the default location for pagefile.sys, which is the page file the Windows NT virtual memory system uses.
. (^) For information on how to tune Windows XP performance by placing and configuring the page file, see Chapter 22, “Tuning and Optimizing Windows XP,” p. 485.
Note The file and folder structure discussed in this chapter is derived from a fresh installation of Windows XP on an x86 desktop system with Service Pack 1 integrated. The typical installation method was chosen. No other applications from Microsoft or any third-party vendors were present on the system. That means no addition- al services or applications were installed from the Windows XP distribution CD, no hotfixes were applied, and Internet Explorer was not updated.
The Program Files folder is home to 16 subfolders: n (^) Common Files. This folder contains files shared with the Microsoft applications. n (^) ComPlus Applications. This folder contains files used by ComPlus applications. If there are no ComPlus applications installed on your XP machine, this folder will be empty. COM+ builds on the Microsoft Component Object Model (COM) integrated services and features, making it easier for developers to create and use software components in any language, using any tool. n (^) Internet Explorer. This folder contains the files and executables for Internet Explorer, a Web-browsing tool. n (^) Messenger. This folder contains files and executables for the new Windows Messenger Service.This service combines features found in MSN Messenger with an improved communications infrastructure. n (^) Movie Maker. This folder contains the files and executables for the Movie Maker application. n (^) MSN. This folder contains the files and executables for MSN Explorer, the new Internet connectivity tool from Microsoft that combines Web, e-mail services, and Internet setup services. n (^) MSN Gaming Zone. This folder contains the files and executables for the MSN Gaming Zone. n (^) NetMeeting. This folder contains all the files used by Microsoft NetMeeting. n (^) Online Services. This folder contains files used to establish Internet connectivity. These files enable you to set up Internet access through MSN or to select another available Internet service provider. n (^) Outlook Express. This folder contains all the files and executables needed by Microsoft Outlook Express, a simple e-mail application.
Windows XP Directory Structures 51
n (^) Uninstall Information. This is a hidden folder containing files and information for uninstall services. n (^) Windows Media Player. This folder contains the Microsoft Media Player appli- cation. n (^) Windows NT. This folder contains any applications that have been ported over from other Windows operating systems (such as Pinball).This folder has empty folders in it if the ported components were not selected during installation. n (^) Windows Update. This folder contains all the files used by the Windows Update Service. n (^) Xerox. This folder contains all the files used by Xerox applications. By default, this folder is empty.
The Windows root-level folder contains an extensive subfolder hierarchy but very few files.The Windows\System32 folder is the main repository of all files required to launch and operate Windows XP.The following files are among those stored in the Windows folder:
n (^) Wallpaper and tiling images (.bmp) n (^) Initialization and configuration files for backward-compatibility with various 16-bit utilities and applications (.ini) n (^) Readme, log, and documentation files (.txt, .log, and .wri)
The following is a listing of the subfolders under the Windows folder:
n (^) Addins. ActiveX controls files. n (^) AppPatch. Contains application compatibility .dlls and Appfix packages. n (^) Config. Contains configuration .idf files used by the MIDI sound system. Depending on system configuration, this folder might be empty. n (^) Connection Wizard. Files used for establishing Internet connectivity. Can be an empty folder. n (^) CSC. The Client Side Cache is where contents of mapped network drives are cached so that the contents of these drives will be available offline. By default, this folder contains empty folders. n (^) Cursors. Contains static and animated cursor files.You can use these files by con- figuring the Mouse applet. n (^) Debug. Contains .log files that can be used to debug network connectivity and other setup functions. n (^) Downloaded Program Files. Contains ActiveX controls and Java applets that have been downloaded from the Internet.
Windows XP Directory Structures 53
n (^) System. Contains 16-bit versions of protected and real mode drivers and .dll files used by applications.These files are provided for backward-compatibility with older applications. Additional 16-bit driver files can be stored in this folder. n (^) System32. Contains the core operating system files and subfolder trees. n (^) Tasks. Contains scheduled tasks that run without operator intervention. n (^) Temp. Contains any temporary files used by the system and applications. n (^) Twain_32. Contains files to support Twain technology, enabling a scanner docu- ment to be inserted into a file. n (^) Web. Contains files and subfolders to support Internet printing and document access. n (^) WinSxS. A folder to store the shared components of side-by-side applications. These can be multiple versions of the same application or the same assembly.
The System32 subfolder contains most of the files used by Windows XP.This is the pri- mary storage location for DLLs, Control Panel applets (.cpl), device drivers (.drv), help files (.hlp and .cnt), MS-DOS utilities (.com), language support files (.nls), screensavers (.scr), setup information files (.inf), and a handful of other files used for support, configu- ration, or operation.
The most commonly accessed subfolders in Windows\System32 are described in the fol- lowing list:
n (^) 1025, 1028, 1031, 1033, etc. Contains locationization languages files. Most of these folders will be empty.The English language is 1033.The complete list of locale IDs can be found at http://www.microsoft.com/globaldev/ win2k/setup/lcid.asp. n (^) CatRoot. Contains security catalog files. n (^) CatRoot2. Contains catalog database files. n (^) Com. Contains COM object information. n (^) Config. Contains the Registry hives used during bootup and is the storage loca- tion for the System, Security, and Application log files viewed through Event Viewer. Config now contains a new folder called \systemprofile that holds a stan- dard profile for the local system. n (^) DHCP. This is an empty folder used to hold Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) database files if the host becomes a DHCP server. n (^) DirectX. Contains files to support the accelerated performance features of game devices. n (^) Dllcache. Contains backup copies of the operating system files that are under the Windows File System Protection system. n (^) Drivers. Contains driver files (.sys); the \etc folder contains sample copies of the TCP/IP text-based configuration files, such as Hosts and LMHosts files.
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n (^) Export. This is an empty folder. n (^) IAS. If there is no Internet connection capability, this is an empty folder used to hold configuration files for the Internet Authentication Service.This service is typ- ically found on servers. If the machine has a device capable of connecting to the Internet, the IAS folder should not be empty. It will contain two files: DNARY.MDB (used to phrase IAS log files) and IAS.MDB (used to store remote access policies). n (^) Icsxml. Contains files for Univeral Plug and Play. n (^) IME. Contains files for Input Method Editors. n (^) Intsrv. Contains files used by the World Wide Web service.This folder is empty. n (^) Macromedia. Contains a subfolder with the Shockwave Flash .ocx file. n (^) MsDTC. Contains Microsoft Distributed Transaction Coordinator files that con- trol transaction output and message delivery between two different applications or processes. n (^) MUI. Contains Multilingual-User Interface files that are created by applications, such as Service Pack 1. n (^) Os2. Contains drivers used by the OS/2 subsystem. n (^) NPP. Contains files to support collecting network traffic from an XP PC by a Network Monitor server. n (^) Oobe. Contains “Out of Box Experience” files that prompt users to complete product activation and registration and to create a new user other than Administrator.This feature is activated only after setup. n (^) Ras. Contains the default scripts used by Dial-Up Networking. n (^) Restore. Contains a list of files to be monitored and saved to an alternative loca- tion in case of file corruption.The System Restore service takes snapshots of the XP system periodically to enable the system to be restored from a previous set of data.This folder also contains the machine GUID. n (^) Setup. Contains setup files for additional services, such as FrontPage Server Extensions and Microsoft Fax. n (^) ShellExt. By default, this folder is empty. n (^) Spool. Used by the printing system to store spooled print jobs and related files. The Printers subfolder is used to store spool files.The other folders found here vary based on printer drivers and configuration. n (^) USMT. USMT stands for User State Migration Tool.This folder contains files to support both USMT and the File and Settings Transfer Wizard. Both tools enable user files and settings to be copied to another PC. n (^) WBEM. Used by Web Based Enterprise Management to store its data and exe- cutable files and utilities.The Microsoft implementation of WBEM is the Windows
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n (^) TWUNK_32.EXE (Thunking Server). Allows 32-bit DOS applications to make 16-bit calls. n (^) WINHELP.EXE (Windows Help). A 16-bit Windows Help reader. n (^) WINHLP32.EXE (Windows Help). A 32-bit Windows Help reader.
Windows\System
The following list of executables resides in the Windows\System32 folder: n (^) ACCWIZ.EXE (Accessibility Wizard). Used to configure the different accessi- bility options of your system. n (^) ACTMOVIE.EXE (DirectShow Setup Tool). Part of the the DirectX series of tools. Used for media capture and playback. n (^) AHUI.EXE (Application Compatibility User Interface). Used to configure the different accessibility options of your system. n (^) ALG.EXE (Application Layer Gateway Service). Used to configure the dif- ferent accessibility options of your system. n (^) APPEND.EXE (Append). Allows applications to open or access files in folders other than the current working, or active, folder by appending the path parameter. This utility is from MS-DOS 5.0. n (^) ARP.EXE (ARP). The Address Resolution Protocol command-line utility used to manage the ARP cache on TCP/IP systems. n (^) ASR_FMT.EXE (ASR). The Automated System Recovery utility. n (^) ASR_LDM.EXE (ASR). The Logical Disk Manager ASR utility. n (^) ASR_PFU.EXE (ASR). The Automated System Recovery Protected Files utility. n (^) AT.EXE (AT). Used to schedule tasks to occur at a specific time and date. It requires that the Scheduler service be running. n (^) ATIEVXX.EXE (ATI). The ATI Hotkey Polling utility. n (^) ATMADM.EXE (ATM). The ATM Call Manager utility. n (^) ATTRIB.EXE (Attributes). Displays or changes file attributes (read-only, archive, hidden, or system). n (^) AUTOCHK.EXE (Auto Check Disk). Launches automatically during Windows XP bootup if a volume is marked as dirty (has bad clusters, has error blocks, or is otherwise damaged). n (^) AUTOCONV.EXE (Auto Convert). Used by the Windows XP setup routine to convert a FAT volume to NTFS. n (^) AUTOFMT.EXE (Auto Format). The Auto File System conversion utility.
Key Windows XP Executables 57
n (^) AUTOLFN.EXE (Auto Long Filenames). Used by the Windows XP setup routine to repair, copy, or enable long filenames on drives that have been convert- ed from another file system (usually FAT) to NTFS. Also capable of converting long filenames to the 8.3 format.
n (^) BOOTCFG.EXE (Boot Configuration Tool). A command-line tool for edit- ing the boot.ini file.
n (^) BOOTOK.EXE (Boot Acceptance). Used with the Last Known Good Configuration process to save the configuration parameters after a successful logon.
n (^) BOOTVRFY.EXE (Boot Verify). Used with the Last Known Good Configuration process to verify a boot selection.
n (^) CACLS.EXE (Change ACLs). A command-line utility used to change or edit permissions for files and folders.
n (^) CALC.EXE (Calculator). A GUI calculator that can act as a standard or scien- tific calculator.
n (^) CHARMAP.EXE (Character Map). A GUI utility that displays the characters in each font installed on the system.
n (^) CHKDSK.EXE (Check Disk). A disk inspection tool that can search for and repair disk errors.
n (^) CHKNTFS.EXE (NTFS Drive Checker). Used to verify the integrity of Windows XP NTFS partitions.
n (^) CIDAEMON.EXE (Content Index Filter Daemon). Process that determines which files will be indexed on the hard disk for faster search queries.
n (^) CIPHER.EXE (Encrypted File System Configuration Manager). A com- mand-line utility used to encrypt/decrypt files and folders using EFS.
n (^) CISVC.EXE (Content Index Service). The Content Index engine that per- forms file indexing to improve performance of resource searches.
n (^) CKCNV.EXE (Cookie Converter). A supporting process that controls how cookies are handled under Windows XP.
n (^) CLEANMGR.EXE (Disk Space Cleaner). A utility used to remove unused temp files from a hard drive to reclaim used space.
n (^) CLICONFG.EXE (SQL Server Client Network Utility). Used to configure connections from network clients to SQL servers.
n (^) CLIPBRD.EXE (Clipboard Viewer). Used to view the contents of the object or data currently copied into memory (also known as the Clipboard).
n (^) CLIPSRV.EXE (Clipboard Server). The network dynamic data exchange (DDE) clipboard service used by Clipboard Viewer to access objects or data copied into memory.
n (^) CMD.EXE (Command Prompt). An executable that provides the command prompt (MS-DOS shell interpreter) for Windows NT.
Key Windows XP Executables 59
n (^) DISKPART.EXE (Microsoft Diskpart). A command-line tool for disk man- agement.
n (^) DISKPERF.EXE (Disk Performance Counters). Used to switch performance counters for the disk subsystem on and off.
n (^) DLLHOST.EXE (COM+ Server Process). The COM+ process manager.
n (^) DLLHST3G.EXE (COM Surrogate). A COM+ process component.
n (^) DMADMIN.EXE (Logical Disk Manager Administrative Service). Runs during hard disk configuration only.
n (^) DMREMOTE.EXE (Logical Disk Manager). A Logical Disk Manager com- ponent.
n (^) DOSKEY.EXE (DOS Keyboard). An MS-DOS 5.0 keyboard history utility that provides a history of command-line executions and macros.
n (^) DOSX.EXE (DOS Extender). A virtual DOS machine (VDM) MS-DOS extender for standard mode.
n (^) DPLAYSVR.EXE (Microsoft DirectPlay Helper). Supports game connec- tions over a modem, the Internet, or a LAN.
n (^) DPNSVR.EXE (DirectPlay8 Server). A forwarding service for games that have multiple processes using the same IP or IPX port.
n (^) DRIVERQUERY.EXE (Driver Query). A command-line tool that displays a list of currently installed drivers and associated properties.
n (^) DRWATSON.EXE (Dr. Watson). A 16-bit GUI application failure-detection and fault-logging utility that watches over the Win16 subsystem.
n (^) DRWTSN32.EXE (Dr. Watson 32). A 32-bit GUI application failure-detection and fault-logging utility that watches over the Win32 subsystem and native Windows XP applications.
n (^) DUMPREP.EXE (Windows Error Reporting). A dump reporting tool.
n (^) DVDPLAY.EXE (DVD Play). A placeholder application.
n (^) DVDUPGRD.EXE (DVDUpgrd). Upgrades a non-XP compatible DVD decoder.
n (^) DWWIN.EXE (Microsoft Application Error Reporting). The application used to report errors in Microsoft applications.
n (^) DXDIAG.EXE (DirectX Diagnostic Tool). A tool for troubleshooting DirectX components.
n (^) EDLIN.EXE (Edit Line). An MS-DOS–based line editor.
n (^) ESENTUTL.EXE (Windows XP Database Tools). A collection of tools used to check and repair the Windows XP folder.
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n (^) EUDCEDIT.EXE (Private Character Editor). An application that enables you to create up to 6,400 unique characters, such as special letters and logos, for your font library. n (^) EVENTCREATE.EXE (Event Create). Allows creating custom events in an event log. n (^) EVENTTRIGGERS.EXE (Event Triggers). This application displays and con- figures event triggers. n (^) EVENTVWR.EXE (Event Viewer). The executable for the Event Viewer. n (^) EXE2BIN.EXE (Executable to Binary). A programmers’ tool from MS-DOS used to convert .exe files to .bin files. n (^) EXPAND.EXE (Expand). A command-line utility used to decompress individ- ual files or folders on an NTFS volume. n (^) EXTRAC32.EXE (CAB File Extract Utility). Allows cabinet files to be extracted to disk. n (^) FASTOPEN.EXE (Fast Open). An MS-DOS utility that improves performance on systems that have large folders by decreasing the time it takes to open frequent- ly accessed files. n (^) FC.EXE (File Comparison). An MS-DOS utility that compares files or sets of files to reveal their differences. n (^) FIND.EXE (Find). A command-line utility used to search for a string of charac- ters in a file or files. n (^) FINDSTR.EXE (Find String). A command-line utility used to search for a string of characters in a file or files. n (^) FINGER.EXE (Finger). A TCP/IP utility used to obtain information about a user account via a remote system. n (^) FIXMAPI.EXE (MAPI Repair Tool). Detects and resolves problems with Messaging Application Programming Interface (MAPI) files. n (^) FONTVIEW.EXE (Font View). A command-line utility that displays a sample output for a font in a printable GUI window. n (^) FORCEDOS.EXE (Force DOS). Instructs Windows XP to launch an applica- tion as an MS-DOS utility when it contains the code for both OS/2 and MS-DOS. n (^) FREECELL.EXE (Free Cell). A GUI card game. n (^) FSUTIL.EXE (FSUtil). A volume management tool. Manages reparse points and sparse files. n (^) FTP.EXE (FTP). A TCP/IP command-line File Transfer Protocol (FTP) utility used to transfer files between the local system and a remote FTP server.
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n (^) LOCATOR.EXE (Locator). Adds support for Remote Procedure Calls (RPCs) to the Windows XP environment. n (^) LODCTR.EXE (Load Counters). Used to add new counters to Performance Monitor. n (^) LOGAGENT.EXE (Windows Media Player LogAgent). The application that logs errors with Windows Media Player. n (^) LOGMAN.EXE (Performance Log Utility). Manager and scheduler for trace logs and performance counters. n (^) LOGOFF.EXE (Session Logoff Utility). A utility to terminate a user’s session on the PC. n (^) LOGONUI.EXE (Windows Logon User Interface). The user interface that appears when Windows XP first starts. n (^) LPQ.EXE (Line Printer Queue). Displays printer queue information on a printer hosted on a Unix system. n (^) LPR.EXE (Line Printer). Prints to a printer hosted on a Unix system. n (^) LSASS.EXE (LSA Security Service). The Local Security Authority server process. n (^) MAGNIFY.EXE (Microsoft Magnifier). Magnifies portions of the screen for visually impaired people. n (^) MAKECAB.EXE (Cabinet File Maker). Creates .cab files for install packages. n (^) MEM.EXE (Memory). A command-line utility that displays the current state of memory. n (^) MIGPWD.EXE (Migration dll). A Windows 95–to–Windows NT migration utility. n (^) MMC.EXE (Microsoft Management Console). A built-in programming interface where most administrative tasks can be added through snap-ins, ensuring the same interface for all administrative functions. n (^) MNMSRVC.EXE (NetMeeting Remote Desktop Sharing). Allows author- ized users to remotely access your desktop. n (^) MOBSYNC.EXE (Offline Web Synchronizer). Synchronizes offline Web sites. n (^) MOUNTVOL.EXE (Volume Mounter). Creates, lists, and modifies volume mount points. n (^) MPLAY32.EXE (Multimedia Player). A GUI multimedia player. n (^) MPNOTIFY.EXE (Multiple Provider Notify). Used by the WinLogon service to notify non-Microsoft network servers about security events. n (^) MQBKUP.EXE (MSMQ Backup/Restore Utility). A backup and restore utility for Microsoft Message Queuing (MSMQ) service messages.
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n (^) MQSVC.EXE (Message Queuing Service). A messaging service between source and destination computers running distributed applications.
n (^) MQTGSVC.EXE (MSMQ Trigger Service). Message queuing trigger service.
n (^) MRINFO.EXE (Multicast Information). A command-line tool to query a multicast router about its interfaces.
n (^) MSCDEXNT.EXE (Microsoft CD-ROM Extensions). Provides CD-ROM extensions for the Windows XP environment, enabling data CDs to be accessed just like hard drives.
n (^) MSDTC.EXE (DTC Console Program). The console for the Distributed Transaction Coordinator (DTC).
n (^) MSG.EXE (Message Utility). A utility for sending messages to other users.
n (^) MSHEARTS.EXE (Hearts Network). A multiplayer Hearts card game.
n (^) MSHTA.EXE (HTML Application Host). The application used to run an HTML Application (HTA) file.
n (^) MSIEXEC.EXE (Windows Installer). Used to create install packages for applications and programs.
n (^) MSPAINT.EXE (Microsoft Paint). A basic graphics creation and viewing tool.
n (^) MSSWCHX.EXE (Onscreen Keyboard Program). Provides keyboard access for mobility-impaired people.
n (^) MSTINIT.EXE (Task Scheduler Setup). Allows scheduling automated tasks.
n (^) MSTSC.EXE (Remote Desktop Connection). An application that enables a computer to be accessed remotely.
n (^) NARRATOR.EXE (Microsoft Narrator). Reads files for people who are hearing impaired.
n (^) NBTSTAT.EXE (NBT Statistics). Displays NetBIOS over TCP/IP statistics.
n (^) NDDEAPIR.EXE. The server-side application programming interface (API) for the Network DDE Agent.
n (^) NET.EXE (Network). Used to manage, configure, and view network-related controls, such as NET USE, NET PRINT, NET USER, and so on.
n (^) NET1.EXE (Network). Another network command utility that performs the same functions as NET.EXE.
n (^) NETDDE.EXE (Network DDE). A background network DDE provider.
n (^) NETSETUP.EXE (Network Setup Wizard). A utility to help configure other PCs on your network using a floppy disk.
n (^) NETSH.EXE (Routing and Remote Access Service Configuration Tool). Used to configure RRAS settings.
n (^) NETSTAT.EXE (Network Statistics). Displays TCP/IP network statistics.
Key Windows XP Executables 65
n (^) PING6.EXE (Ipv6 Ping Command). A utility that verifies connectivity to a specific IP address or hostname.
n (^) PRINT.EXE (Print). A command-line print utility used to send print jobs to a port.
n (^) PROGMAN.EXE (Program Manager). An alternative shell that can be used in place of Windows XP Explorer. It is the main interface used in Windows 3.x, Windows for Workgroups, and Windows NT 3.51.
n (^) PROQUOTA.EXE (Profile Quota Manager). An application for limiting the size of user profiles.
n (^) PROXYCFG.EXE (Proxy Configuration Tool). A command-line tool to view and change your current proxy settings.
n (^) QAPPSRV.EXE (Query Terminal Server Utility). Identifies terminal servers on the network.
n (^) QPROCESS.EXE (Query Process Utility). Displays processes running on a machine. Can be sorted by username and other criteria.
n (^) QWINSTA.EXE (Query Session Utility). Displays session information and related statistics, such as connect and flow control settings.
n (^) RASAUTOU.EXE (Remote Access Dialer). A program that allows remote dial-up connections between PCs.
n (^) RASDIAL.EXE (RAS Command-Line Dialer). A client-side user interface.
n (^) RASPHONE.EXE (RAS Phone). The Dial-Up Networking Phonebook application.
n (^) RCIMLBY.EXE (Remote Assistance). A program used to help another user with a computer problem over the network or Internet.
n (^) RCP.EXE (Remote Copy). A TCP/IP utility used to copy files between the current system and a remote RSHD (Remote Shell) server.
n (^) RDPCLIP.EXE (RDP Clip Monitor). A Remote Desktop Protocol compo- nent.
n (^) RDSADDIN.EXE (Remote Desktop Addin). A Remote Desktop Terminal Services session add-in.
n (^) RDSHOST.EXE (RDSHost Server Module). A Remote Desktop Service module.
n (^) RECOVER.EXE (Recover). A command-line utility to recover readable data from a defective drive.
n (^) REDIR.EXE (Redirector). A Win16 network redirector.
n (^) REG.EXE (Registry Console Tool). A command-line tool for querying and editing the Registry.
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n (^) REGEDT32.EXE (Registry Editor). A 32-bit Registry-editing tool that can set security permissions on Registry keys and values. n (^) REGINI.EXE (Registry Initializer). A utility to change Registry values from a command line or script. n (^) REGSVR32.EXE (Registry Server). A program for viewing and editing the Registry. n (^) REGWIZ.EXE (Registration Wizard). Automates the process of registering your XP operating system. n (^) RELOG.EXE (Performance Relogging Utility). Displays performance counter data in other formats. n (^) REPLACE.EXE (Replace). A command-line tool used to replace files. n (^) RESET.EXE (Reset Utility). A Terminal Services reset utility. n (^) REXEC.EXE (Remote Execute). Used to issue commands on remote systems running the REXEC service. n (^) ROUTE.EXE (Route). Used to view and edit the local routing table. n (^) ROUTEMON.EXE (Router Console Monitor). A utility that is no longer supported. Refers you to the netsh command. n (^) RSH.EXE (Remote Shell). Issues commands on remote systems running the RSH service. n (^) RSM.EXE (Removable Storage Manager). Command-line interface for the Removable Storage Manager. n (^) RSMSINK.EXE (Removable Storage Manager). Sink layer for the Removable Storage Manager. n (^) RSMUI.EXE (User Interface). A Removable Storage Manager component. n (^) RSNOTIFY.EXE (Recall Notification). A Removable Storage Manager component. n (^) RSOPPROV.EXE (RSoP Service Application). A Resultant Set of Policies (RSOP) application. Determines the current policies applied to a particular user or PC. n (^) RSVP.EXE (Resource Reservation Protocol). A protocol that sets up a reserved pathway with a specific quality of service for a set of data packets. n (^) RTCSHARE.EXE (RTC Application Sharing). A real-time clock component. n (^) RUNAS.EXE (Run As Utility). A utility that allows a process to be implement- ed with a new user ID and password combination.Typically used to run a process or application as an Administrator or other user with higher levels of privileges than the currently logged on user.
