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Unit 04 - Data Processing & Analysis in Research, Study notes of Research Methodology

Christ UniversityResearch Methodology

Data Processing & Analysis Simplifies statistical tools and techniques so you can understand and apply them easily.

Typology: Study notes

2025/2026

Available from 03/29/2026

thisgirlgotcooties
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Unit04:DataProcessing&
Analysis
it il ÉÉit
11 51
7Dataprocessingconvertsrawdataintoactionable informationthrough astructuredcycl
involving 6stages
data
collection databases
sources
that
are
reliable
data
preparation cleaning preprocessingremoving
irrelevant
info
datainput transformingitinto
machine
readable
format
dataprocessing using
models
to
derive
insights
output interpretation presentation
visually interpretation
storage for
future
use reference
Hypothesis
Testing
Instatisticalanalysis hypothesistesting is essential to understandif astatemen
regarding apopulation isvalidbased on thesampleselected Researchmethodology
employsvariousmethods techniques
forhypothesistesting
Parametric or standardisedtests
Non
Parametric or DistributionFreetests
Basis Parametric
Tes ts NonParametric
Tes ts
meaning testsbasedonassumptionsorparameters tests
arenotbasedonanyparameters
mumption ofapopulation demonstratedbyitssample
requires
strictassumptions variance canbe
used
withnoassumptions
homogenity independent observations no
distribution
er normaldistribution etc
gyan assumesnormaldistribution does
not
requirenormaldistribution
me
highlyaffectedbyoutliers notaffected
by
outliers
mean variance standard
deviation median ranking
mesii ratio
andinterval nominalordinal ratio interval
sams largesamplesize smallsample
size
pf3
pf4

Partial preview of the text

Download Unit 04 - Data Processing & Analysis in Research and more Study notes Research Methodology in PDF only on Docsity!

it

il

É

É

it

Dataprocessing converts rawdatainto actionable informationthrough a structured cycl

involving 6 stages

datacollection^

databasessourcesthat are reliable

datapreparation

cleaning preprocessingremoving irrelevantinfo

datainput

transforming (^) itintomachinereadableformat

dataprocessing

using modelstoderiveinsights

output interpretation^

presentationvisually interpretation

storage

for futureuse reference

Hypothesis Testing

In statistical analysis hypothesis^ testing is essential to understand

if

a statemen

regarding a^ population (^) isvalidbased (^) on thesampleselected^ Research methodology

employsvarious methods techniques

for

hypothesis testing

Parametric or standardised (^) tests

Non Parametric or DistributionFreetests

Basis ParametricTests Non ParametricTests

meaning testsbasedonassumptions (^) or parameters testsarenotbased^ on any

parameters

mumption

of

a population^ demonstrated by

itssample

requiresstrictassumptions variance (^) canbeusedwith (^) noassumptions

homogenity independent observations no

distribution

er normal distribution etc

gyan

assumesnormal distribution (^) does notrequire normaldistribution

me

highly

affected

by

outliers not

affected by

outliers

mean variance standarddeviation (^) median ranking

mesii ratioandinterval^ nominal^ ordinal^ ratio interval

sams

large samplesize smallsamplesize

accuracy

Heribility

more

accurate comparatively

less flexible moreflexible

complexity morecomplex lesscomplex

errorrisk lowerrorrisk^ comparatively high

method

T.fm YInpgormore

chisquaretest MannWhitneyUtest

KruskalWallistest WilcoxonsignedRank

independent comparewvalue

onesample comparedgroups test

paired buratter

ANOVATable

bytes Wjhips

GroupA GroupB Groupe

S 7

01 CalculatingGroup^ Grandmean

A 12
B

14 5 61 3 s

c

Grandmean

95

02 CalculatingSum

of

Squares (^) n 3

n (^) Ʃ Groupmeans (^) Grandmean

13 s^ s s (^512 7 512 )

SSW (^) Ʃ X Groupmeans

A

complenity simple moderate complex

technicues measures of

centraltendency correlationregression multipleregression PCASEM

graphical

dispersion distribution factor clusteranalysis

methods histogram

barcharts pie

scatter diagram complex^

multidimensional

predation

charts (^) bonplots graphs

cannotpredict limitedpredictions strongpredictivecapacity

biasrisk

high

biasrisk moderate low