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Using the graph below, label the B2 phases with one of the following: A) Prediction B) Affirmation C) Verification D) Replication - correct answers D) Replication Critical features of a line graph include which of the following: A) vertical axis labeled with a quantitative measure B) quality feature C) tic marks pointed outwards D) all of the above are critical features of a line graph - correct answers A. Vertical axis labeled with a quantitative measure When constructing a line graph, a research assistant ensures that the vertical axis length has a 2:3 ratio to the horizontal axis. The research assistant chose to use this ratio because: A. Prevent or minimize data obfuscation B. Delineates the value of the axes' units C. Properly display data variability and limit distortion D. Demonstrate experimental control - correct answers C. Properly display data variability and limit distortion A researcher is evaluating the use of video modeling procedure. The researcher collects data periodically for single sessions, and over a minimum of 3 days immediately prior to introduction of the independent variable. Which design is the researcher likely using? A. Multiple probe design B. Multiple baseline across settings
C. ABAB withdrawal design D. Changing criterion design - correct answers A. Multiple probe design A researcher plans to use a parametric design. Which of the following questions is best answered using a parametric design? A. Does IV = decreases in levels of B+ for given participants? B. Does IV with a given component = increased levels of B+ for given participants? C. Does one level of IV result in increase/decrease in levels of B+, when compared to another level of that IV, for given participants? D. Does one IV = increased level of behavior for participants, compared to different IV? - correct answers C. Does one level of IV result in increase/decrease in levels of B+, when compared to another level of that IV, for given participants? Dr. Flores is conducting a meta-analysis of the available single case research design studies, which have evaluated procedures to train teachers to use praise. Dr. Flores has coded each article and determine which to include. The next step of the meta- analysis should be: A. Develop a research question B. Conduct a literature search C. Analyzing internal validity D. Extracting data - correct answers D. Extracting data A good research question includes the following components: A. The DV, direction of change, and setting B. The IV, DV, and participants C. The IV, direction of change, and participants D. The DV, the DV, and setting - correct answers B. The IV, DV, and participants Girl with ASD and ID was referred to ABA clinic due to elopement. BCBA realized that they seem to elope when asked to do a task, when they don't get what they
B. Following implementation of the intervention, the treatment is withdrawn and there is a return to baseline conditions C. The withdrawal design is methodologically identical to the reversal design D. When using the withdrawal design, the experimenter should always include contingent reinforcement - correct answers B. Following implementation of the intervention, the treatment is withdrawn and there is a return to baseline conditions Dr. B is a consultant at an ABA clinic. They would like to compare the effect of a token economy alone to a token economy with verbal feedback for increasing their client's compliance with adult requests. Dr. B collected baseline data on the rate of compliance and plans to use complex phase change to evaluate the token economy alone or combined with verbal feedback. Which indicates the appropriate notation:
- A/B/A/B/A/C/B
- A/B/C/B/C/B
- A/B/B+C/B/B+C
- A/C/B/C/B+C/A/C/B/C/B+C - correct answers 3. A/B/B+C/B/B+C Which of the following is true regarding the A/B design: A. The A/B design is also called a simple phase change design and is the most basic single case research design B. The A/B design provides a framework for repeated measurement C. The A/B design measures the dependent variable under baseline conditions and intervention and quickly assesses the effects of an intervention D. All of the above are true regarding the A/B design - correct answers D. All of the above are true regarding the A/B design The most commonly used single case research design in the empirical literature is the: A. Withdrawal design B. Multiple baseline design C. Alternating treatment design
D. Reversal design - correct answers A. Withdrawal design Dr. W was referred a 7 y/o black female who suffered a TMI and engaged in public masturbation. Dr. W evaluated effects of response blocking w guided compliance and reinforcement for habilitative replacement B+ to decrease public masturbation and increase on-task behavior. 7 months later, Dr. W was referred a similar case. He selected a non-concurrent multiple baseline design as opposed to a concurrent multiple baseline design. Rationale for choosing this design was likely based on: - correct answers The concurrent multiple salience design poses a problem for researchers in applied settings because clients with similar target behaviors may be referred at different points in time. A multiple baseline design shows the functionality of the intervention by demonstrating that the intervention produces the same kind of behavior change: A. Across a variety of behaviors of the same subject within a given setting B. Across a variety of settings for the same behavior of a single subject C. Across a variety of subjects displaying the same behavior in the same setting D. Any of the above uses are of the multiple baseline design - correct answers D. Any of the above uses are of the multiple baseline design Dr. D evaluates use of backward chaining to teach handwashing. Develop a task analysis outlining each step of handwashing. Take an initial baseline probe. An additional probe is conducted for each step in the training sequence immediately after the criterion is met for any step in the task analysis. Prior to introducing the IV, they collected data for true baseline sessions. Which design is used: A. Multielement B. Multiple baseline across settings C. Multiple probe D. Cannot determine - correct answers A. Multielement design Compared to the A/B design, the multiple baseline design: A. Better controls for history
D. Any of the above are acceptable - correct answers C. Start with one component, then systematically add other components until most effective identified The simultaneous treatment design is most useful for: A. Assessing treatments that are presented at different points in time B. Controlling for threats to internal validity C. Assessing client preferences for treatments D. Larger treatment evaluations comparing multiple interventions - correct answers C. Assessing client preferences for treatments Charlene calculated the percentage of non-overlapping (PND) for a data set evaluating an intervention. PND was .50. Based on the criteria established by Scruggs and Mastropieri (1998), Charlene should conclude which of the following regarding the treatment: A. It's an effective treatment B. It's a very effective treatment C. It's a questionable or not effective treatment D. Cannot determine - correct answers C. It's a questionable or not effective treatment Based on reviewing the data above, the most likely intervention that was implemented is: A. A smoking cessation program B. A token economy to increase on-task behavior C. An intervention to target oral reading fluency D. A functional assessment - correct answers A. A smoking cessation program One way to potentially enhance the scientific credibility of single case research design is to include:
A. Elements of group research design B. Statistical tests such as t-tests, ANOVA, or ANCOVA C. Large N randomized controlled trials D. Randomization - correct answers B. Statistical tests such as t-tests, ANOVA, or ANCOVA Dr. S uses changing criterion design to implement physical activity program that is designed to incrementally increase physical activity in people with ASD. Which is a guideline for using changing criterion? A. Phase changes should be made only when there is stability in current phase and a tx effect in preceding panel B. All tx phase should include same # of data points to evaluate stepwise changes in data C. Special effort should be made to minimize multiple treatment interference D. When behavior change is slow, phases should be longer to ensure stability before the criterion is changed - correct answers A. Phase changes should be made only when there is stability in current phase and a tx effect in preceding panel Reasons for considering statistical analysis in conjunction with visual analysis include: A. Statistical analysis should never be used in SCRD B. Statistical control is needed for extraneous factors in the naturalistic environment C. The researcher has limited experience with visual analysis D. A correlation coefficient would enhance the results - correct answers B. Statistical control is needed for extraneous factors in the naturalistic environment In real-world practice, visual analysis: A. Fails to consider the context of a particular client and intervention B. Makes use of multiple interacting data characteristics both within and across phases
control involves assessment of data from the whole study (all phases), whereas assessment of a basic effect is done with adjacent phases A limitation of many of the existing visual analysis validity studies is that the data presented are generally decontextualized A. True B. False - correct answers True Historically, studies using single case research design have been neglected from meta-analyses because it was challenging to extract raw data to conduct analysis A. True B. False - correct answers True External validity of single subject research is enhanced through: A. Maintenance of effects across time, space, and environments B. Replication of effects across different participants, conditions, and measures of dependent variables C. Variability of data across different conditions D. Stability of data across different conditions - correct answers B. Replication of effects across different participants, conditions, and measures of dependent variables External validity is measured by: A. The degree to which the research design controls for variables that could support an alternative explanation for the findings B. The extent to which the results from the study are applicable outside the contexts of the study C. Subjective feedback through opinion surveys, questionnaires, or interviews
D. Degree to which 2 alternative assessments measure the same behavior - correct answers B. The extent to which the results from the study are applicable outside the contexts of the study Professor Smith wants to increase time working on research-related activities by implementing a structured schedule, self-monitoring, and goal setting. What is/are the dependent variable(s)? A. Structured schedule and time working on research-related activities B. Time working on research-related activities C. Structured schedule and goal setting D. Self-monitoring, goal setting, and time working on research-related activities - correct answers B. Time working on research-related activities Well-designed applied research studies allow for: A. Causal conclusions about the extent to which the independent variable is always responsible for changes in the dependent variable B. Systematic study of behaviors in the typical environment C. Causal conclusions about the extent to which the dependent variable is always responsible for changes in the independent variable D. Replication of findings in a non-experimental setting E. None of the above - correct answers A. Causal conclusions about the extent to which the independent variable is always responsible for changes in the dependent variable A BCBA calculated IOA for the above data set. IOA was reported at 44.4%. IOA was calculated using which of the following: A. Scored interval B. Unscored interval C. Total intervals D. Cannot determine - correct answers B. Unscored?
A. 0%
B. 45%
C. 40%
D. Cannot determine - correct answers C. 40% ?? Rapid iterative alternation designs include which of the following: A. The repetition of the basic A-B comparisons within a single participant B. The repetition of the basic A-B comparison across a set of three or more participants, behaviors, or contexts C. The repetition of an A-B comparison, with single session replication and comparisons D. None of these - correct answers C. The repetition of an A-B comparison, with single session replication and comparisons Which of the following is a measure of dispersion: A. Variance B. Range C. Standard deviation D. All of these - correct answers D. All of these Which of the following research questions can be answered using single case research design? A. Which intervention is effective for this case? B. Does adding B to intervention A further reduce problem behavior for this case? C. Is Intervention B or Intervention C more effective in reducing problem behavior for this case? D. All of these can be answered using single case research design - correct answers D. All of these can be answered using single case research design
BCBA evaluating use of BST got increase therapists use of a fixed interval schedule of reinforcement. Prior to study, they conduct lit review to identify existing research. They are struggling to find articles. Which are strategies they could used to find lit on this topic? - correct answers They should read the "search by topic: keyword vs subject searching" page sot hat she understands the two main ways to search in databases Carryover effects: A. Is best described as the effect of a procedure used in one condition on responding in an adjacent condition B. Are more difficult to address than sequence effects C. May influence the participants' responding based on the order in which the experimental conditions are introduced to participants D. Both A and B - correct answers D. Both A and B are correct
SPCE 630 Final Exam Questions With
Multiple Choices And Answers
Dr. D is a BCBA. They are working with Tom, who exhibits low rates of compliance with parent requests. Dr. D trains Tom's parents to use Effective Instruction Delivery. They collect data on Tom's compliance and use of EID and summarized data using a line graph. One of the primary reasons for summarizing data using a line graph is: A. To calculate effect sizes B. To demonstrate inter-subject replication C. To display relationships between DV and IV D. No answer text - correct answers To display relationships between DV and IV
