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HIGHER NATIONAL DIPLOMA IN COMPUTING
FINAL REPORT OF ASSIGNMENTS 1
UNIT 10: Website Design & Development
Student: NGUYEN TAN TRUONG Class: BD-AF- 1901 - 01 Student ID: BDA Supervisor: TRINH THI NGOC LINH Danang, June 2020
Qualification BTEC Levels 4 and 5 Higher Nationals in Computing Unit number and title Unit 9: website design & development Assignment due Assignment submitted
Learner’s name
NGUYEN TAN
TRUONG
Assessor name
TRINH THI NGOC
LINH
Learner declaration: I certify that the work submitted for this assignment is my own and research sources are fully acknowledged. Learner signature Date Grading grid P5 P6 P7 M 4 M5 D 2 D 3
Learning Outcomes and Assessment Criteria Pass Merit Distinction LO1 Explain server technologies and management services associated with hosting and managing websites P1 Identify the purpose and types of DNS, including explanations on how domain names are organised and managed. M1 Evaluate the impact of common web development technologies and frameworks with regards to website design, functionality and management.
LO1 & 2
D1 Justify the tools and techniques chosen to realise a custom built website. P2 Explain the purpose and relationships between communication protocols, server hardware, operating systems and web server software with regards to designing, publishing and accessing a website. M2 Review the influence of search engines on website performance and provide evidence-based support for improving a site’s index value and rank through search engine optimisation. LO2 Categorise website technologies, tools and software used to develop websites P3 Discuss the capabilities and relationships between front- end and back-end website technologies and explain how these relate to presentation and application layers. M3 Evaluate a range of tools and techniques available to design and develop a custom built website. P4 Discuss the differences between online website creation tools and custom built sites with regards to design flexibility, performance, functionality, User Experience (UX) and User Interface (UI).
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
In the process of completing my report, I am sincerely grateful to the people who helped me. First of all, I would like to thank Ms. Linh who is a lecturer at FPT International College. She gave me clear and detailed instructions for completing the assigned tasks. Besides, I also want to thank my classmates for helping me and giving me appropriate comments so I can accomplish the task better. Thanks everyone. Danang, June 2020 Who perform Nguyen Tan Truong
LIST OF FIGURES
- Figure 1 Domain name
- Figure 2. Organization and management of domain names
- Figure 3. Domain Name System
- Figure 4. Types of DNS
- Figure 5. Communication Protocol
- Figure 6 Server Hardware
- Figure 7. Operating System
- Figure 8. Front-end technologies..........................................................................
- Figure 9. Back-end technologies
- Figure 10. Online website creation tools and custom built sites
1 LO1 Explain server technologies and management services
associated with hosting and managing websites
1.1 P1 Identify the purpose and types of DNS, including explanations
on how domain names are organised and managed
a) Domain name The domain name is used to identify a unique website on the internet, acting as a physical address and as a resource on the internet. Figure 1. Domain name b) Organization and management of domain names The domain name system is organized in a hierarchical structure. The top level is called root and is denoted as ".". The organization managing the domain name system in the world is The Internet Coroperation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN). This organization manages the top level of the domain name system (Root level). Therefore, ICANN reserves the right to allocate domain names below this level to organizations, regions and countries under certain policies. Domain name management system (DNS): A domain management server in each region and each level on the Internet. IP displays as numbers and vice versa. Users will use domain names to make them easier to remember and computers and routers based on IP addresses to handle.
Figure 3****. Domain Name System d) Types of DNS
- DNS root Server: Used to resolve the root domain name and all the domain names in the world must be through it.The DNS root server manages all Top level domains, such as: .com, .org, .net, etc. When a request is made to resolve a Domain Name into an Ip address, the client sends a request. Go to the nearest DNS (DNS ISP). DNS ISP will connect to the DNS root Server to ask for the address of a Domain Name. The DNS root Server will base itself on the Top Levels of a Domain Name and from there have appropriate instructions to redirect the client to the correct address it needs to query.
- Recursive solver: First stop in DNS query. It acts as a middleman between the client and the DNS name server. After receiving the DNS query from the web client, it will respond with the data cached or send the request to the root name server, followed by another request to the TLD name server and then It was a final request to the authoritative nameservers. After receiving the response from the authoritative name server containing the requested IP address, the recursive resolver will send the response to the client. This process will store the information received from the authoritative nameservers. When a client requests an IP address of a domain name recently requested by the client, it will avoid the nameserver communication and will only provide the client with the requested record from its cache.
- TLD nameservers: Maintain information for domains that share a common domain name extension, such as .net, .com or anything that comes after the final dot in the url. For example, the TLD .com domain host contains information for every website ending in '.com'. If a user searches google.com, after receiving a response from the root nameserver, the recursive resolver will send a query to the TLD .com domain name server, which will respond by pointing to the nameserver that has authority for that domain name.
- Authoritative nameserver: When the recursive resolver receives a response from the TLD name server, that response directs the resolver to the authoritative name server. It is the last step resolver in the journey to find the IP address. It contains information specific to the domain it serves and provides a recursive resolver with the server's IP address found in the DNS record or if the domain has a CNAME record (alias). It will provide a recursive resolver with an alias domain, where the recursive resolver will have to perform a completely new DNS lookup to create a record from an authoritative name server. Cloudflare DNS distributes authoritative name servers, which come with Anycast routing to make them more reliable. Figure 4. Types of DNS
Types of communication protocols:
- Internet Protocol Suite: also known as inter-network protocol suite. A collection of protocols that implement the protocol stack on which the Internet runs. It is also possible to call this protocol TCP / IP. It is possible to understand the Internet Protocol Suite similar to the OSI model but between them there are differences, not completely the same. Not all classes have good correspondence.
- Protocol Stack: Form of software installation for a set of computer network protocols. It is a full set of protocol layers and they work together to provide network connectivity to other devices.
- Transmission Control Protocol (TCP): It is the transport control protocol. With the task of implementing the network, complementing the Internet Protocol, ensuring the data transfer to the recipient reliably and in the correct order. Reliably distribute an octet stream. As an 8 - bit data stream, it also distinguishes between data of many different applications.
- Internet Protocol (IP): Also known as the Internet protocol and this is the main protocol in the Internet protocol suite. With the ability to forward data over the network and help establish the internet through Internet Protocol routing.
- IP: Provides an unsecured data sending service, the packet may arrive without intact, it may arrive unordered.
- Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) - Hypertext transfer protocol. Standard Internet protocol, used to communicate information between a service provider (Web server) and a service client (Web client).
- File Transfer Protocol (FTP): File transfer protocol and direction used to exchange files over a communication network using the TCP / IP protocol.
- Secured Shell (SSH) is a network protocol used to establish a secure network connection. It is the main method used to manage network devices securely at the command level.
- Telnet (Terminal Network): It is the main method used to manage network devices at the command level. Or connect to the internet or connections at a local area network.
- Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP): Simple mail transmission protocol, is a standard for electronic mail transmission over the internet. It helps transfer email from the source mail server to the destination mail server and transfers email from end users to the mail system.
- Domain Name System (DNS): It allows the corresponding settings between IP address and domain name on the internet.
- Post Office Protocol version 3 (POP3): It is an application-layer protocol, used to retrieve email from the mail server, over a TCP / IP connection.
- Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP): This is the Internet standard protocol used by email applications to retrieve email messages from mail servers over a TCP / IP connection. IMAP does not remove content from the server mailbox.
- Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP): It is a set of protocols that not only allow network devices such as routers, switches, servers, etc. to be
operated, but also support the operation of these devices in the dark. pros. It also monitors, configures and controls network devices remotely.
- Hypertext Transfer Protocol over SSL / TLS (HTTPS): This is a protocol that combines HTTP and SSL or TLS security protocols to allow secure exchange of information on the Internet. b) Server Hardware Server hardware shares the same core components as memory, capacity and CPU. Servers use to manage resources on the network and provide services to users on that network. The types of server hardware will depend on the specialized services that the server provides will vary Types of servers Rack server: It is designed to be mounted in a modular rack design for efficient storage and management. It is very flexible in its ability to manage various tasks and workloads and can maximize utilities in a dedicated location. Rack servers easily remove server components if needed and make modular design easier to replace - especially if the business is operating a large operation with servers that may be down. at different times. Blade server: It is based on the same chassis as the rack server, but the more compact design allows for greater space efficiency. Has its own processing power, memory capacity and simple modular design that allows for easy configuration. Provides more processing power and easier cable management than rack servers and larger prices. Tower servers: These are individual computers with the purpose of a server - they are placed in a stand-alone cabinet, or Tower Tower, similar to a personal desktop tower. Mainframe: A large-scale computer with sophisticated design and large workload. They are large machines - the size of a refrigerator or washing machine and dryer stacked, replaceable and highly configurable. Figure 6 Server Hardware
- Increase efficiency in resource sharing, ensuring fairness between computer users and the program. Examples of some operating systems Linux Mac OS X Server Windows Server d) Server Software This is a mainframe connected to an extended computer network. Contains all data for which it is authorized to manage. Each server has its own IP and can read a variety of languages such as HTML, HTM, File, it has a large capacity and very high speed to be able to store and operate data stores on the internet well. Through the communication port of each server, computer systems are capable of operating more smoothly. It must ensure continuous operation to be able to provide data to its computer network. A few popular web servers Apache web server: This is open source software, supports most operating systems such as Unix, Linux, Windows, Mac OS X, FreeBSD, ... with the customization made easily by its modular structure. and add or modify Modules to server as you like. IIS web server: Many features are similar to Apache and this is not open source and it is not easy to add and modify Modules as it runs on all platforms of Windows operating system. Nginx Web server: This is a free and open source server including POP3 and IMAP server, stable, high performance, simple configuration and low resource usage. Use event-driven programming architecture with this programming architecture that uses memory when loading is small and predictable. LiteSpeed Web server: Many features like Apache have the ability to download Apache configuration files directly and act as a Drop-in Replacement Apache with the Hosting Control Panel. It also has the ability to replace all Apache features and simplify usage. Front-end technology support tools: Notepad ++, Sublime Text, Netbeans, Sass, Metteor, Grunt.
2 LO2 Categorise website technologies, tools and software used to
develop websites
2.1 P3 Discuss the capabilities and relationships between front-end and
back-end website technologies and explain how these relate to
presentation and application layers
a) Front-end Front-end: It means "front". When we visit a website, we see the website interface, website content, buttons, banners, graphics, etc. Users can interact directly with it Front-end technologies: Hyper Text Markup Language (HTML): Provides the basic structure of web pages, it's a text format language. Instead of using programming languages to perform functions, HTML uses tags to identify the different types of content and purpose of the website. Cascading Style Sheets (CSS): Used to control the presentation, formatting and layout. Provides the raw tools needed to structure content on a website. Help determine this type of content so that it appears to users the way it should be seen. Bring the whole site into style with slick colors, interesting fonts, and background images JavaScript: Used to control the behavior of various elements. It is based on logic, used to modify site content and make it work in various ways in response to user actions. Common uses for JavaScript include confirmation boxes, calls- to-action, and adding new information to existing information. It allows web developers to design interactive websites. Front-end technology support tools: Notepad ++, Sublime Text, Netbeans, Sass, Metteor, Grunt.
Rust: Built on the clear and solid principles that encompass the capabilities also found in C and C ++, allowing programmers to write code more safely because it doesn't involve too much memory processing. Support running multiple processes in parallel on multi-core computers. Back-end technology support tools: Ruby on Rails, Cake PHP, Spring, Angular JS, Bootstrap Figure 9. Back-end technologies
2.2 P4 Discuss the differences between online website creation tools
and custom built sites with regards to design flexibility, performance,
functionality, User Experience (UX) and User Interface (UI)
a) Online website creation tools Provides web templates available and allows you to edit within the site frame. Help us own a website quickly and easily. Restrictions on the options available for more complex features. Sometimes the features, design and functionality of the website do not match the brand we need, the performance will not be high, the functionality, User Experience and User Interface are not extended. b) Custom built sites Custom built websites designed by web developers. Start with an innovative process to understand who is the target audience of the website. There are rules to follow when building a website, maybe optimizing a website. Other searches can read each page to provide users with more relevant search results. But it takes more time, makes sure the site does exactly what we want and is a lot easier with high performance, functionality. The user experience and user interface are developed as expected
Figure 10. Online website creation tools and custom built sites c) Differences between online website creation tools and custom built websites Differences design flexibility User interface (UI) Online website creation tool: Will be limited in graphic design and navigation. It is possible to customize certain features, restricted from control with a custom website. Some functions available do not suit the needs of the user, do not allow adding functions when running a structured system. Custom built website : The website is not limited to graphics and functionality. Can control aspects of design and brand to suit the needs. Lets add functionality and customize website development Differences performance Online website creation tool: These sites come with built-in features for even more customization. However, this does weigh the web in terms of download speed and SEO performance on the internet. Because these sites have rules to follow when building, SEO performance will not be high. Building on these direct websites, the security issues are not safe because hackers always attack these sites because they are easily accessible to everyone. However this site is less expensive, and built shortly custom built sites: These websites are optimized to suit the purpose of the site and usage. The performance of this website is higher and more outstanding
