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WGU D467 - Exploring Data EXAM |
OBJECTIVE ASSESSMENT | {LATEST
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What are cookies? Types of malware that can damage computers Small files stored on computers that contain information about users Programs that enable users to access websites Pieces of code that store information about a website - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ Small files stored on computers that contain information about users Fill in the blank: For data analytics projects, _____ data is typically preferred because users know it originated within the organization. second-party third-party multi-party first-party - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ first-party A grocery store chain purchases customer data from a credit card company. The grocer uses this data to identify its most loyal customers and offer them special promotions and discounts. What type of data is being used in this scenario? First-party Multi-party Third-party Second-party - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ Second-party In data analytics, what term refers to all possible data values in a dataset? Source
Representation Population Sample - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ Population An entertainment website displays a star rating for a movie based on user reviews. Users can select from one to five whole stars to rate the movie. The star rating is an example of what type of data? Select all that apply. Continuous Discrete Ordinal Nominal - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ Discrete Ordinal What type of data is the height of a skyscraper? Discrete Qualitative Nominal Continuous - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ Continuous In data analytics, what is the term for data that is generated from, and lives, outside of an organization? Peripheral Outer Internal External - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ External What are the key characteristics of unstructured data? Select all that apply. Fits neatly into rows and columns Unorganized May have an internal structure Clearly identifiable construction - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ Unorganized
Rows Columns Favorites Charts - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ Columns When using long data, each subject has data in multiple rows. This is because each row represents what? Data in different formats True or false data points One observation per subject Multiple values - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ One observation per subject What strategy do data professionals use in order to ensure unbiased sampling? Use random sampling during data collection Write survey questions that encourage specific responses Store data in a spreadsheet Skew results in a certain direction - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ Use random sampling during data collection Fill in the blank: Bias is a _____ preference in favor of or against a person, group of people, or thing. conscious or subconscious sensible or insensible fair or unfair standard or substandard - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ conscious or subconscious Which of the following are examples of sampling bias? Select all that apply. A teacher gives higher grades to essays written in their own writing style. A clinical study includes three times more men than women. A survey of students does not include homeschooled students.
An election poll only interviews people with college degrees. - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ A clinical study includes three times more men than women. A survey of students does not include homeschooled students. An election poll only interviews people with college degrees. What is the term for the tendency to search for or interpret information in a way that validates pre-existing beliefs? Sampling bias Confirmation bias Observer bias Interpretation bias - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ Confirmation bias Which of the following terms are also ways of describing observer bias? Select all that apply. Perception bias Research bias Spectator bias Experimenter bias - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ Research bias Spectator bias Experimenter bias Fill in the blank: Data is considered _____ when it is accurate, complete, and unbiased information that has been vetted and proven fit for use. original current comprehensive reliable - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ reliable Which of the following are usually good data sources? Select all that apply. Vetted public datasets Social media sites
What concept states that all data-processing activities and algorithms should be completely explainable and understood by the individual who provides their data? Ownership Currency Privacy Transaction transparency - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ Transaction transparency A data analyst removes personally identifying information from a dataset. What task are they performing? Data anonymization Data sorting Data collection Data visualization - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ Data anonymization Before completing a survey, an individual acknowledges reading information about how and why the data they provide will be used. What is this concept called? Privacy Discretion Currency Consent - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ Consent Fill in the blank: Openness refers to _____ access, usage, and sharing of data. protected limited free disclosed - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ free What is the preferred method for open data to be made available? A convenient and modifiable internet download A secure password-protected file
A compressed file format that keeps file size small A print copy that is easily shared by anyone - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ A convenient and modifiable internet download What are the main benefits of open data? Select all that apply. Combines data from different fields of knowledge Good data is more widely available Restricts data access to certain groups of people Increases the amount of data available for purchase - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ Combines data from different fields of knowledge Good data is more widely available What are the key aspects of universal participation? Select all that apply. Certain groups of people must share their private data. No one can place restrictions on data to discriminate against a person or group. Everyone must be able to use, reuse, and redistribute open data. All corporations are allowed to sell open data. - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ No one can place restrictions on data to discriminate against a person or group. Everyone must be able to use, reuse, and redistribute open data. Freedom from inappropriate use of your data is an element of which aspect of data ethics? Consent Transparency Privacy Currency - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ Consent A data professional working on a project about commuters researches the origin of a dataset to confirm it was created by a reputable source, such as a government transportation agency. Which aspect of good data are they prioritizing? Original
Observer Interpretation Confirmation - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ Sampling Fill in the blank: The data ethics principle of transaction transparency states that an individual has the right to understand all of the _____ and algorithms used on their data. free access data-processing activities raw data financial transactions - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ data-processing activities A government agency allows any business, nonprofit, or citizen to access its databases and reuse or redistribute the data. What type of data is described in this scenario? Closed Allowable Free Open - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ Open An investor with a background working in the tech industry interprets any pitch from a tech startup as being more promising than others, even if the information is confusing and ambiguous. What type of bias does this scenario describe? Sampling Interpretation Observer Confirmation - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ Interpretation A magazine conducts research about people's reading preferences. They only include respondents who currently subscribe. What type of bias does this scenario describe? Confirmation Interpretation
Sampling Observer - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ Sampling Fill in the blank: The data ethics principle of _____ states that an individual has the right to understand all of the data-processing activities and algorithms used on their data. transaction transparency consent ownership currency - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ transaction transparency A financial institution publishes data about stock prices and market trends, which any business, nonprofit, or citizen can access, reuse, or redistribute through its online databases. What type of data is described in this scenario? Open Allowable Free Closed - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ Open Fill in the blank: A relational database contains a series of _____ that can be connected to form relationships. tables cells fields spreadsheets - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ tables What is the term for an identifier that references a database column in which each value is unique? Field Relation Primary key Foreign key - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ Primary key
Use metadata to standardize the datasets. Replace the incoming data's metadata with its own company metadata. Use metadata to evaluate the third-party data's quality and credibility. Alter the internal metadata to more closely reflect the incoming metadata. - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ Use metadata to standardize the datasets Use metadata to evaluate the third-party data's quality and credibility Fill in the blank: Data _____ is a process data professionals use to ensure the formal management of their organization's data assets. sourcing governance organization storage - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ governance What are some key benefits of open-data initiatives? Select all that apply. Limit opportunities for collaboration Make government activities more transparent Support innovation and economic growth Help educate citizens about important issues - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ Make government activities more transparent Support innovation and economic growth Help educate citizens about important issues What type of file saves data in a table format? Calculated spreadsheet values (.csv) Comma-separated values (.csv) Cell-structured variables (.csv) Compatible scientific variables (.csv) - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ Comma-separated values (.csv) Bringing data from a .csv file into a spreadsheet is an example of what process?
Filing data Importing data Editing data Normalizing data - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ Importing data In Google Sheets, what function enables a data analyst to specify a range of cells in one spreadsheet to be duplicated in another? SPECIFY DUPLICATE IMPORTRANGE CELLRANGE - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ IMPORTRANGE What is the process for arranging data into a meaningful order to make it easier to understand, analyze, and visualize? Filtering Prioritizing Reframing Sorting - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ Sorting A data analyst is reviewing a national database of real estate sales. They are only interested in sales of condominiums. How can the analyst narrow their scope? Sort by condominium sales Filter out non-condominium sales Filter out condominium sales Sort by non-condominium sales - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ Filter out non- condominium sales A data analyst works for a rental car company. They have a spreadsheet that lists car ID numbers and the dates cars were returned. How should they sort the spreadsheet to find the most recently returned cars? By return date, in ascending order By return date, in descending order
Identify trends with available data Speak with stakeholders and adjust the objective Wait for more data - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ Wait for more data A team leader is assigned the task of evaluating the schema of a data set as part of data cleansing. How would the team leader define a schema to the analyst collaborating on the project prior to commencing cleansing? How well two or more data sets work together A way of describing how something is organized A process of combining two or more data sets into a single data set A way of matching fields in separate databases - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ A way of describing how something is organized An analyst performing data cleansing on invoice data would like to select and view rows that have an amount paid that is greater than $100. Which spreadsheet functionality should the analyst use? COUNTIF Conditional formatting Filter Remove duplicates - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ Filter Why is clean data critical for data analysis? It ensures data drives the decision the analyst intends to communicate. It ensures data used for analysis reflects operational reality. It ensures data is structured to enable effective analysis. It ensures data is visualized to make decisions. - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ It ensures data used for analysis reflects operational reality. What does an UPDATE statement do after execution in Structured Query Language (SQL)? Modifies values in certain cells of a table based on conditions Inserts new rows into the table based on data provided in the query
Removes tables based on the query Creates a temporary table to be downloaded for analysis and visualization - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ Modifies values in certain cells of a table based on conditions An analyst wants to extract data from a table by filtering for certain conditions prior to performing data cleansing. Which Structured Query Language (SQL) statement will perform this function? LENGTH statement DISTINCT statement TRIM statement WHERE statement - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ WHERE statement An analyst wants to combine the fields for city and state into a single field prior to extraction for data cleansing. Which Structured Query Language (SQL) statement will perform this function? CONCAT statement CAST statement ORDER BY statement COALESCE statement - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ CONCAT statement An analyst wants to present a high-level summarized version of the data at the end of data cleansing. Which spreadsheet functionality should the analyst use? Conditional formatting Pivot table Find and replace Filters - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ Pivot table What is the definition of verification in the data cleaning process? A process of ensuring the degree to which a set of measures is equivalent across systems A process of chronologically listing the modifications made to a set of data files during the data cleansing process
What is an example of administrative metadata for a digital file? File size File name File contents File permission - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ File permission What is an acceptable syntax for the SELECT keyword in MySQL? "select" select SELECT_Keyword 'select' - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ select An expert in query languages searched for month_name = DEC using Vertica. The data set contains variations of the word December, such as dec, Dec, etc. What will the output of this search query be? It will return all entries that match DEC only. It will return all entries that match dec only. It will return all entries such as dec, Dec, DEC. It will return all entries that match Dec only. - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ It will return all entries that match DEC only. What is the general rule regarding the suggested length of each line in a query to maintain indentation best practices? Less than or equal to 50 characters Greater than or equal to 100 characters Less than or equal to 100 characters Greater than or equal to 50 characters - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ Less than or equal to 100 characters What is a feature of the filtering process when applied to spreadsheets?
Filtering hides the data temporarily. Filtering orders the data temporarily. Filtering removes the data permanently. Filtering orders the data meaningfully. - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ Filtering hides the data temporarily. Which process utilizes logical and descriptive names for files, making them easier to find and use? Safety measures Foldering Normalization Data validation - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ Foldering Which process may restrict data analysis needs and should be balanced with data access needs? Data security Data storage Data organization Data normalization - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ Data security What is the best practice for naming folders and subfolders to organize data? Use special character names. Use descriptive names. Use numeric names. Use spaces in the names - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ Use descriptive names. Which file name follows formatting conventions? SalesReport 2021 SalesReport* SalesReport_ SalesReport!2021 - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ SalesReport_
