Download WGU D467 Exploring Data OA Objective Assessment 2026/2027 and more Exams Information Technology in PDF only on Docsity!
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What are cookies?
Types of malware that can damage computers Small files stored on computers that contain information about users Programs that enable users to access websites Pieces of code that store information about a website Small files stored on computers that contain information about users
Fill in the blank: For data analytics projects, data is typically preferred because users know it originated within the organization.
second-party third-party multi-party first-party first-party
A grocery store chain purchases customer data from a credit card company. The grocer uses this data to identify its most loyal customers and offer them special promotions and discounts. What type of data is being used in this scenario?
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First-party Multi-party Third-party Second-party Second-party
In data analytics, what term refers to all possible data values in a dataset?
Source Representation Population Sample Population
An entertainment website displays a star rating for a movie based on user reviews. Users can select from one to five whole stars to rate the movie. The star rating is an example of what type of data? Select all that apply.
Continuous Discrete Ordinal Nominal
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What are the key characteristics of unstructured data? Select all that apply.
Fits neatly into rows and columns Unorganized May have an internal structure Clearly identifiable construction Unorganized May have an internal structure
Fill in the blank: A data model is used to organize and how they relate to one another.
data visualizations database structures data elements spreadsheet fields data elements
When discussing structured databases, data analysts refer to the data contained in a row as a record. How do they refer to the data contained in a column?
Field Subject
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Character Point Field
Fill in the blank: A data type is a specific kind of data that tells what kind of value the data is.
attribute frame model point attribute
What are the key characteristics of a text, or string, data type? Select all that apply.
Contains textual information Only two possible values Sequence of characters and punctuation Has numerical percentages Contains textual information Sequence of characters and punctuation
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Store data in a spreadsheet Skew results in a certain direction Use random sampling during data collection
Fill in the blank: Bias is a preference in favor of or against a person, group of people, or thing.
conscious or subconscious sensible or insensible fair or unfair standard or substandard conscious or subconscious
Which of the following are examples of sampling bias? Select all that apply.
A teacher gives higher grades to essays written in their own writing style. A clinical study includes three times more men than women. A survey of students does not include homeschooled students. An election poll only interviews people with college degrees. A clinical study includes three times more men than women. A survey of students does not include homeschooled students. An election poll only interviews people with college degrees.
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What is the term for the tendency to search for or interpret information in a way that validates pre-existing beliefs?
Sampling bias Confirmation bias Observer bias Interpretation bias Confirmation bias
Which of the following terms are also ways of describing observer bias? Select all that apply.
Perception bias Research bias Spectator bias Experimenter bias Research bias Spectator bias Experimenter bias
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Who created this dataset? Is this dataset from a credible organization? Has this dataset been properly cleaned? When was this data last refreshed? Who created this dataset? Is this dataset from a credible organization?
A junior data analyst learns that the dataset they have been given is six years old. After looking into this further, they also discover that the age of the data is making the information irrelevant to their project. What good data source principle have they used to evaluate the dataset?
Comprehensive Original Reliable Current Reliable
What are data ethics?
Established methods for ensuring data is clean, well-organized, and appropriate for a project Long-standing techniques for confirming that data is always used to benefit society Approved strategies data professionals use to safeguard the privacy and security of a dataset
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Well-founded standards of right and wrong that dictate how data is collected, shared, and used Well-founded standards of right and wrong that dictate how data is collected, shared, and used
What concept states that all data-processing activities and algorithms should be completely explainable and understood by the individual who provides their data?
Ownership Currency Privacy Transaction transparency Transaction transparency
A data analyst removes personally identifying information from a dataset. What task are they performing?
Data anonymization Data sorting Data collection Data visualization Data anonymization
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A print copy that is easily shared by anyone A convenient and modifiable internet download
What are the main benefits of open data? Select all that apply.
Combines data from different fields of knowledge Good data is more widely available Restricts data access to certain groups of people Increases the amount of data available for purchase Combines data from different fields of knowledge Good data is more widely available
What are the key aspects of universal participation? Select all that apply.
Certain groups of people must share their private data. No one can place restrictions on data to discriminate against a person or group. Everyone must be able to use, reuse, and redistribute open data. All corporations are allowed to sell open data. No one can place restrictions on data to discriminate against a person or group.
Everyone must be able to use, reuse, and redistribute open data.
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Freedom from inappropriate use of your data is an element of which aspect of data ethics?
Consent Transparency Privacy Currency Consent
A data professional working on a project about commuters researches the origin of a dataset to confirm it was created by a reputable source, such as a government transportation agency. Which aspect of good data are they prioritizing?
Original Comprehensive Cited Reliable Cited
A hospital system wants to protect the personally identifiable information of its patients, such as names and medical records. They ask their data team to anonymize the data. What techniques might they use to achieve this goal?
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Privacy Consent
A university surveys its student-athletes about their experience in college sports. The survey only includes student-athletes with scholarships. What type of bias does this scenario describe?
Sampling Observer Interpretation Confirmation Sampling
Fill in the blank: The data ethics principle of transaction transparency states that an individual has the right to understand all of the and algorithms used on their data.
free access data-processing activities raw data financial transactions data-processing activities
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A government agency allows any business, nonprofit, or citizen to access its databases and reuse or redistribute the data. What type of data is described in this scenario?
Closed Allowable Free Open Open
An investor with a background working in the tech industry interprets any pitch from a tech startup as being more promising than others, even if the information is confusing and ambiguous. What type of bias does this scenario describe?
Sampling Interpretation Observer Confirmation Interpretation
A magazine conducts research about people's reading preferences. They only include respondents who currently subscribe. What type of bias does this scenario describe?
Confirmation
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Fill in the blank: A relational database contains a series of that can be connected to form relationships.
tables cells fields spreadsheets tables
What is the term for an identifier that references a database column in which each value is unique?
Field Relation Primary key Foreign key Primary key
What process do data professionals use to eliminate data redundancy, increase data integrity, and reduce complexity in a database?
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Composition Normalization Manipulation Iteration Normalization
Fill in the blank: When using a relational database, data analysts write to request data from the related tables.
relationships keys queries programs queries
A large company has several databases across its many departments. What kind of metadata describes how many locations contain a certain piece of data?
Structural Administrative Descriptive Representative
