Wireless Application Protocol-Mobile Communication Systems-Presentations, Study Guides, Projects, Research of Mobile Communication Systems

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 Limitations of Wireless Network

 Heterogeneous Networks  Frequent Disconnections  Limited Bandwidth

 Mobile Device Limitations

 Limited Data Manipulation capabilities  Short Battery Lifetime

 WAP is a standard developed by WAP Forum.

 Founded in 1997 by Nokia, Ericsson, Motorola and Unwired Planet.

 Objective: To bring diverse internet content to mobile devices independent of platform and network technology.

A standardized, open and global specification

that empowers mobile users with wireless devices to easily access and interact with internet information and services instantly. Similar to HTTP but optimized for low- bandwidth, low-memory and low-display capability environments.

 WAP is an application communication protocol.  WAP is used to access services and information.  WAP is inherited from Internet standards.  WAP is designed specifically for handheld devices.  WAP uses a mark-up language specific to such devices named WML (not HTML).

 Designed for large bandwidth, low delay.  Stateless – Header large with redundancy.  One Connection per request (HTTP 1.0).  TCP 3-way handshake.  DNS look-up overheads.

 These all factors make HTTP highly inefficient for mobile devices.

 In a real WAP solution, the main components include;  WAP device  Bearer  WAP Gateway  Content Server  Content

 Translating protocols into one another  Converting markup languages  Compiling WMLScript programs  Encoding WML into a binary bitstream  Providing access control  Caching  Domain name resolution services (DNS)  Security features

 A WAP request routes through a WAP gateway

 Intermediary between bearer and computing network that the gateway resides on.

 WAP gateway then processes the request and formulates a reply using WML.  HTTP may be used in this transparent process.  The WML is sent back to the client for display.

 XML-based markup language describing how WAP content is presented on a wireless terminal.  Specifically for wireless terminals with a small screen.  WML is case sensitive – all tags, attribute in lower case.  Doesn’t assume that a keyboard or mouse is available for user input.

Layer Functionality WAE • Application development interface

• Wireless Telephony interface WSP • Connection Oriented
• Connectionless WTP • Retransmissions
• Duplicate removal
• Acknowledgement WTLS • Compression
• Encryption
• Authentication WDP • Segmentation
• Reassembly
• Error Detection

 WAE

 Supports application development with WML and WMLScript.  Includes Wireless Telephony Application Interface that provides an interface to phone for sms, calls etc.  WSP

 Provides WAE with a consistent interface for two session services; ▪ Connection-oriented ▪ Connectionless