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An overview of 802.11 wireless lan technology, focusing on access points, hubs, switches, and bridges. Learn about their functions, differences, and how they contribute to network connectivity. Discover the role of access points in bridging wireless and wired networks, the importance of hubs in connecting multiple nodes, the functionality of switches in separating collision domains, and the logic of bridges in separating network segments.
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Provides network connectivity over wireless media
An Access Point (AP) is installed to act as Bridge between Wireless and Wired Network
The AP is connected to wired network and is equipped with antennae to provide wireless connectivity
LAN Technologies
Network connectivity to the legacy wired LAN
Desktop with PCI 802.11 LAN card
Laptop with PCMCIA 802.11 LAN card
Access Point
Range ( Distance between Access Point and WLAN client) depends on structural hindrances and RF gain of the antenna at the Access Point
To service larger areas, multiple APs may be installed with a 20-30% overlap
A client is always associated with one AP and when the client moves closer to another AP, it associates with the new AP (Hand-Off)
Three flavors: 802.11b
802.11a 802.11g
LAN Technologies
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The most popular 802.11 standard currently in deployment.
Supports 1, 2, 5.5 and 11 Mbps data rates in the 2. GHz ISM (Industrial-Scientific-Medical) band
LAN Technologies
Operates in the 5 GHz UNII (Unlicensed National Information Infrastructure) band
Incompatible with devices operating in 2.4GHz
Supports Data rates up to 54 Mbps.
LAN Technologies
Repeater, HUB, Bridge & Switch
A repeater receives a signal, regenerates it, and passes it on. It can regenerate and retime network signals at the bit level to allow them to travel a longer distance on the media. It operates at Physical Layer of OSI
The Four Repeater Rule for 10-Mbps Ethernet should be used as a standard when extending LAN segments. This rule states that no more than four repeaters can be used between hosts on a LAN.
This rule is used to limit latency added to frame travel by each repeater.
Repeater, Hub, Bridge & Switch
Bridges are used to logically separate network segments within the same network. They operate at the OSI data link layer (Layer 2) and are independent of higher- layer protocols. The function of the bridge is to make intelligent decisions about whether or not to pass signals on to the next segment of a network.
When a bridge receives a frame on the network, the destination MAC address is looked up in the bridge table to determine whether to filter, flood, or copy the frame onto another segment
Broadcast Packets are forwarded
Repeater, Hub, Bridge & Switch
Switches are Multiport Bridges. Switches provide a unique network segment on each port, thereby separating collision domains. Today, network designers are replacing hubs in their wiring closets with switches to increase their network performance and bandwidth while protecting their existing wiring investments.
Like bridges, switches learn certain information about the data packets that are received from various computers on the network.
Switches use this information to build forwarding tables to determine the destination of data being sent by one computer to another computer on the network.
Repeater, Hub, Bridge & Switch
