Version Feb 4, 2016
Computer Networks I
application
transport
link
physical
network Introduction to
Network Architecture
application
transport
link
physical
network
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1 redes, Apuntes de Ingeniería Infórmatica
Asignatura: Redes, Profesor: eqwe eqwe, Carrera: Ing. En informática, Universidad: UCLM
Tipo: Apuntes
2015/2016
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Version Feb 4, 2016
Computer Networks I
application
transport link physical network
Introduction to
Network Architecture
application
transport link physical network [email protected] [email protected]
Outline
● What is a network?
●
Network classification
● Inter-networks
● Networking issues
● Packet switching modes
● Network architectures
● Reference models
● OSI model
● TCP/IP model
● Addressing fundamental
● References
Internet today
Forouzan 5ed (Punto neutro) (Punto neutro)
ISP
Internet: administration
Forouzan 5ed
ISOC Internet Society
IETF Internet Engineering Task Force
IESG Internet Engineering Work Group
WG Work Group
RFC
What is a network?
It is a set of interconnected autonomous computers
so they may interchange information.
The network users are aware that there are different
computers with associated resources.
The network is usually represented by a cloud, to emphasize that we do not know its internal structure.
i
Network classification
By link type
By scale
By topology
Networks
by link type ● In a multipoint connection several nodes (more that two) share a link. ● Usually, it allows different addressing methods: ● Unicast. The address identifies a single destination host. ● Broadcast. A special address identifies all hosts in the net. ● (^) Multicast. The address identifies a host subset.
● IPN : InterPlanetary and Delay Tolerant Networks (DTN). ● Global (Internet). ● WAN : Wide Area Network – a country or intercontinental links. ● MAN : Metropolitan Area Network – A city or part of it. ● LAN : Local Area Network – A department or building. ● PAN : Personal Area Network – Computer and desktop. ● SAN : System Area Network – Clusters and embedded systems. ● NoC : Network On Chip – Network concepts inside a chip.
Networks
by scale
Networks
by scale: WAN ● It involves hosts and sub-networks (that use p-t-p links). ● A subnet is composed by: ● Link lines ● Routers ● The router must store messages and forward them to the appropriate destination. That “store and forward” mechanism (or “packet switching”) is the opposite of “circuit switching”. router Other example net router subnet
Networks
by topology Star Bus Fully connected mesh n(n-1)/2 links Ring
Networking main issues
Addressing
Errors detection and correction
Flow control
Multiplexing
Routing
Physical switching networks
●
Circuit Switching Network
The “ old” telephone system
End to end
3 phases: Call (connection), talk, hook (disconnection)
●
Message Switching Network
The “old” telegraph system
End to post, post to post,... post to end
1 phase: message interchange
● Packet Switching Network
Similar to the postal service
“ Modern” computer networks
Packet switching modes
Today “all ” computer networks
Similar to the postal service
Message is chopped in small messages called:
PACKET
Forouzan 5ed
Packet switching modes
Forouzan 5ed