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UNIT
PREVIOUS KNOWLEDGE
- Plans and intentions - What are you going to do on your next vacation? - Predictions and spontaneous decisions - Which country will be the winner of the next Olympic Games?
LEARNING GOALS
- Speculate about the present using modals of deduction. - Speculate about past situations using past modals of deduction. - Express permission and obligation in the present using modal verbs. - Express permission, obligation and prohibition using modals in the past.
We have to love our city
English Click - 5° Grade. Secondary education
Lesson 1 : That must be your friend!
- It can’t be a mechanical problem. I’ve just taken the car to a mechanic.
- He may not like that shirt. I don’t think it’s his style. - They can’t be very happy about working during the night.
b. Now, complete the rules with “must”, “might/ may/ could” or “can’t.”
- We use .... when we feel sure that something is true because we have some information about the situation, we have strong evidence. 2. We use .... when we are not sure about something. 3. We use .... to show that we think something is not true.
c. Now put the right modal for these situations:
- You .... possibly be tired. You’ve just woken up.
- You .... know Peter because he went to the same school that we went to but he is a few years younger than we are.
- I’m sorry, you .... be confusing me with someone else, that’s not my name.
- That .... be Danny. He said he was going abroad this week.
- I’m leaving work now but I .... be a little late if there’s traffic on the road.
- Of course John isn’t here today. He spent the whole night dancing. He .... be at home with a serious pain in his leg.
English Click - 5° Grade. Secondary education
Unit 4 We have to love our city
a. In pairs, ask and answer these questions.
- What do you usually do at the weekend?
- Do you often go on vacations? Where?
b. What activities do you do at home to help?
Read and listen to the following text and answer the questions below it.
(^1) Reading and listening A
The best of weekends? Really!!!
W
ow! This probably is going to be the worst weekend of the year!!! We are leaving next Monday to go on vacation to Spain, and we have all been so busy with work lately that the house is in a poor state. Imagine my husband Bobby keeps asking: «Helen, dear, where can I find a clean shirt?». I haven’t set a foot in the children’s bedrooms for weeks and Kate and Mark are basic teenagers!!! So the program is going to be very busy. I‘ll ask Bobby to mow the lawn, look after the flower beds, clean the windows, clean the bathroom and toilets, wash the car and oh yes and there is that board from the garden shed to fix. The kids will have to tidy and clean their bedrooms, take all their rubbish away, change their bedding, and have a go at the washing machine, I’m not sure they know how it works !!! They will vacuum all the rooms upstairs and I myself will vacuum the living room, mop all the tile floors. I mustn’t forget to dust all the furniture and water the plants well to endure a three week absence. I have to change the cat’s litter, poor Fluffy !!!: I hope they will all give me a hand with the washing, ironing, setting and clearing the table, doing the cooking, doing the washing up and packing our suitcases!!! Oh I haven’t started yet and I am exhausted already !!
- What is the name of woman speaking?
- What are the names of the other members of the family?
- What is the family about to do?
- What ‘s the problem?
- What will her children have to do?
- What about her husband?
- What will remain for Helen to do?
- What else does she hope her family will help her to do?
English Click - 5° Grade. Secondary education
Unit 4 We have to love our city
(^1) Listening and reading A
Listen to and read an article about responsibility and chores and answer the following questions.
- Why do children resist doing chores?
- What does doing chores require?
- Why can insisting that chores be completed feel like a never-ending battle?
- Are children born with these traits?
RESPONSIBILITY AND CHORES
Glossary:
- Chore (noun): an ordinary job that must be done regularly.
- Procrastination (noun): to delay doing something until later, usually something that you do not want to do.
- Concern (noun): a feeling of worry about something, especially one that a lot of people have about an important issue.
PART I – BENEFITS OF CHORES “Just wait a minute. I promise – I’ll do it later.” “Aw Mom, do I have to??” “Angie doesn’t have to do this; why do I have to?” How many times have you heard these refrains or something similar when you ask or tell your children to do a chore around the house? Chances are it has been often. Children can be pros at procrastination, excuses, resistance and refusal when it comes to chores, causing much concern among parents and conflict between children and their parents. From the child’s point of view Why do children resist doing chores? Part of the explanation rests with the very nature of children. Young children and teens are:
- lacking in judgment. Most young children have no idea how much work is involved with the running of a household.
- impulsive. They want what they want when they want it. Working at activities that are not immediately gratifying to them is not inherently on their agenda.
- self-absorbed and concerned mainly about themselves and their own needs. They do not naturally consider the needs and expectations of others. Doing chores willingly requires:
- mature judgment,
- less impulsivity,
- and more awareness of others’ perspectives and needs. Children are not born with these traits; they develop gradually as children grow and mature. Part of your job as parents is to socialize your children during the 18 or 20 years that they live with you by helping them to develop these mature qualities. Therefore, it should not be a surprise, and perhaps you should accept and expect, that they resist helping at home. Is it worth the struggle? Insisting that chores be completed can feel like a never- ending battle. Because it can feel like you are constantly reminding, nagging, or imposing consequences just to get your children to follow through, you may decide to let chores slide. It becomes easier in the short run to do the jobs yourself.
- Parents may be reluctant to engage in continuous struggles for fear of damaging their relationship with their children.
- They may feel guilty asking their children to help; after all, children are so busy with all the other demands on them from school, peers and extra- curricular activities that you may be reluctant to add to the pressures.
- Parents may believe their little ones are too young to take on responsibilities, not realizing how capable their youngsters actually can be.
English Click - 5° Grade. Secondary education
Lesson 3 : At school, I have to do a lot!
a. Read the examples and match them to their rules about the past modals of deduction.
(^2) Grammar
(^3) Speaking and writing
Pair work. Analyze the following situations and then write an answer for each situation. Use past modals of deduction (must have, might/ may/ could have or can’t have).
Example: He might have been very busy. Situation 1: My best friend didn’t come to my party and she didn’t send me a message. What happened? Situation 2: Sally didn’t go to the final exam at school. She didn’t go to school either. What happened? Situation 3: Miguel failed the test and he didn’t pass the cycle at the institute. What happened? Situation 4: Sasha arrived late at school and she was angry with me yesterday. What happened?
- Among (preposition): within a group.
- Lack (noun): a situation in which you do not have any, or enough, of something that you need or want.
- Household (noun): the people who live in a house or flat when they are considered as a single unit.
- Inherent (adjective): an inherent quality is a basic or essential feature that gives something its character.
- Concerned (adjective): worried about something.
- Willingly (adverb): also willing (adjective) Î if you are willing to do something, you do it when someone asks you, sometimes when you do not want to.
- Trait (noun): a particular quality in someone’s character.
- Nag (verb): to frequently ask someone to do something that they do not want to do.
- Reluctant (adjective): not willing to do something.
- Struggle (verb): to try hard to do something that you find very difficult.
- You can’t have seen him this morning. He was with me all the time.
- You must have been very pleased when you received the results of your exams.
- He was supposed to be here an hour ago but he could have been stuck in a traffic jam.
b. Now, complete the rules with “must”, “might/ may/ could” or “can’t” + verb in past participle.
- We use .... when we are quite sure about something.
- We use .... when we are not sure about something but we think it was possible.
- We use .... for things that we are sure did not happen in the past.
- I can’t have left my phone at work. You phoned me when I was walking to my car. That’s it. It must be in the car.
- He may have said he was coming but I can’t really remember. I wasn’t listening.
- He must have left his phone at home again. He’s not answering.
English Click - 5° Grade. Secondary education
Lesson 4 : At 10, I wasn’t allowed to do that!
4 Speaking
Permission – can, may, could Prohibition Obligation ‘Can’ is most often used to ask for or give permission but ‘may’ and ‘could’ are also possible even though they are not used as often as ‘can’.
‘Can’t’ and ‘mustn’t’ (must not) are used to show that something is prohibited (not allowed) ‘Can’t’ usually gives the idea of something that is against the rules. Mustn’t usually means that it is the speaker who is setting the rule.
‘Have to’ and ‘must’ are both used to express obligation. There is a slight difference in the way that they are both used. ‘Have to’ shows that the obligation comes from someone else, not the speaker. This is usually referring to a rule or law. ‘Must’ shows us that the obligation comes from the speaker. Examples:
- Can I borrow a pen?
- You can sit here, the seat is free.
- Could I open the window?
- May I ask a question?
Examples:
- You can’t go into that restaurant without a tie.
- You can’t drive in this country unless you are over eighteen.
- You mustn’t use your phone in class.
Examples:
- We have to be at the airport at least two hours before the flight.
- I have to work on Saturday.
- They have to wear their uniforms at school.
- I must hand in my thesis by tomorrow.
- I really must call my parents.
Uses Examples Permission Prohibition Obligation “have to” Obligation “must”
- You .... come to the meeting but it would help us all if you’re there.
- I can’t get a connection on my phone .... I borrow yours?
(^3) Writing
Write one example per use. Use your notebook
- The rules say that you .... only invite one guest to the club.
- I .... stay on for a few hours because I’d rather work late today than over the weekend.
Now choose the correct verb for these sentences:
- Talk about the things you can/ can’t do in school.
- Talk about the things you have to/ don’t have to do in a concert.
Pair work. Ask and answer the following questions.
- Talk about the things you must/ mustn’t do as a citizen.
- Talk about the things you are allowed/ were allowed to do.
Remember not to write
in the Student’s Book.
Grammar store
Flowcharts:
Analyze and represent rules or regulations from places in your neighborhood. (At the bank, at the stadium, at the gym, at school, at the supermarket, etc) you can/can’t / have to/don’t have to / are allowed to/aren’t allowed to/ must/mustn’t / etc.
Modal Verbs
Advice
Should Ought to Had better
Ability
Can (Present) Could (Past) Be able to (Other tenses) Permission CanBe allowed to (Other tenses)
Possibility
Could, may, might (possible) Can’t (impossible) Must (sure) Prohibition Mustn’t Necessity Need
Obligation
Have to Must Don’t have to (no obligation)
Hands up!
Sample Flowchart
