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Vocablo y gramática: uso de verbos en gerundio y infinitivo, Apuntes de Inglés

Este documento ofrece una guía sobre el uso de verbos en gerundio y infinitivo en inglés. Incluye ejemplos y explicaciones detalladas de cómo usar cada forma correctamente. Además, se incluyen listas de verbos que pueden usarse en ambas formas sin cambiar de significado y aquellos que requieren una distinción clara.

Tipo: Apuntes

2019/2020

Subido el 07/10/2021

aida03
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RESUM ANGLES T.6
VOCABULARY
Reading p.71
Set off Start a journey
overwhelmed Sobrepassat, agoviat
slaughterhouse Escorxador
Flip through Fullejar una revista o llibre
Take up = accept Acceptar una oferta
Dog groomer Perruquer de gossos
Get ahead = be successful Tenir molt èxit en alguna cosa
High-flyer Persona amb molt èxit
six-figure De 6 xifres
p.68 the road to success
To ring a bell Que algo et sona
Success (N) èxit
Successful exitós
Passed the exams Aprovar els exàmens
Got good grades Treia bones notes
Do a degree IN Fer una carrera
Graduated from Graduada de...
Dropped out Va deixar
Started work Va començar a treballar
Started a business Començar un negoci
Get a job Aconseguir una feina
Claim benefits Demanar ajudes de diner
Left school Deixar l’escola
Started a career Començar una carrera professional
Applied for a job Demanar feina
Getting promoted ascendir
Taught himself Ensenyar-se a ell mateix
Climb the ladder = go up on the ladder Ascendir de lloc de feina
Have a career in teaching / as a teacher
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RESUM ANGLES T.

VOCABULARY

Reading p. Set off Start a journey overwhelmed Sobrepassat, agoviat slaughterhouse Escorxador Flip through Fullejar una revista o llibre Take up = accept Acceptar una oferta Dog groomer Perruquer de gossos Get ahead = be successful Tenir molt èxit en alguna cosa High-flyer Persona amb molt èxit six-figure De 6 xifres p.68 the road to success To ring a bell Que algo et sona Success (N) èxit Successful exitós Passed the exams Aprovar els exàmens Got good grades Treia bones notes Do a degree IN Fer una carrera Graduated from Graduada de... Dropped out Va deixar Started work Va començar a treballar Started a business Començar un negoci Get a job Aconseguir una feina Claim benefits Demanar ajudes de diner Left school Deixar l’escola Started a career Començar una carrera professional Applied for a job Demanar feina Getting promoted ascendir Taught himself Ensenyar-se a ell mateix Climb the ladder = go up on the ladder Ascendir de lloc de feina Have a career in teaching / as a teacher

ex. Start a work/career/business Començar una feina / carrera professional / negoci Get a job/good grades/promoted Aconseguir una feina / bones notes / ascendir Do an exam/a degree Fer un examen / una carrera Pass an exam Aprovar un examen Leave a school / job Deixar l’escola / feina Apply for a job/a course Demanar aquella feina en especific / un curs Drop out of school / of university Deixar l’escola / la uni Gap year Any sabàtic Focused = concentrate Concentrat Nervous = anxious Nervios Intelligent intel·ligent Clever = smart espavilat Critical = judgemental critic Motivated motivat Enthusiastic entusiasmat Decisive decisiu Determinate Determinatiu Hard-working = diligent Treballador Positive = optimistic Positiu Cautious = careful cautelesa Perceptive = perspicacious perceptiu/intuïtiu Unreliable = untrustworthy Que no hi pots confiar Irrational irracional Disorganizes desorganitzat Imaginative = creative imaginatiu Analytical = rational Analític Sociable sociable Calm = relaxed = peaceful calmat

WHEN WE USE AN INFINITIVE?

1- After specific verbs: Examples: I deserve to win the trophy, I worked so hard. The thief managed to break into the house The teacher threatened to call my parents if I didn’t behave myself. 2- Adjectives + infinitive: Examples: She was delighted to see me again It made me very sad to leave her at the station 3- To give a reason or mention an objective: Examples: We travelled to Paris to see Jean They’re doing this activity to practise for the exam

  • Pot ser que utilitzem un verb de la llista dels gerundis per expressar un objectiu, en aquest cas darrera hauria d’anar seguit de gerundi però al ser un objectiu l’hem de posar amb infinitiu. ex. We avoided the queue to arrive faster WHEN CAN WE USE BOTH INDISTINCTIVELY? Alguns verbs poden anar en gerundi o infititiu I no cambiar de significat: BEGIN | HATE | LIKE | LOVE | PREFER | START Examples: I hate hearing my sister’s music I hate to hear my sister’s music WHEN DO WE NEED TO MAKE A DISTINCTION? Alguns verbs poden anar seguits de un gerundi o infinitiu, però canvia el significat.
  1. FORGET Infinitive: despistar-se o no enrecordar-se d’alguna cosa. Primer t’oblides I despres fas l’acció. Gerund: no recordar haver fet alguna cosa. Primer fas l’acció I despres t’oblides d’haver-ho fet.

AFFORD – AGREE – APPEAR – ARRANGE – ASK – ATTEMPT – BEG – CHOOSE –

DARE – DECIDE – DEMAND – DESERVE – EXPECT – FAIL – HESITATE – HOPE –

INTEND – LEARN – MANAGE – MEAN – NEED – OFFER – PREPARE – PRETEND –

PROMISE – REFUSE – SEEM – THREATEN – WAIT – WISH – WOULD LIKE

2. GO ON

Infinitive: change the activity ex. Please go on to read the text (estava fent alguna cosa I despres va demanar-li de llegir) Gerund: continue with the same activity ex. Please go on reading the text. (estavem llegint, hem parat per alguna cosa, I ara demanem de continuar llegint)

  1. MEAN Infinitive: have the intention ex. I meant to call you, but you didn’t answer Gerund: result in, imply ex. The student was disrespectful to the teacher, these means calling his parents.
  2. REGRET Infinitive: saber-te greu alguna cosa. ex. I regret to tell you that you failed the exam Gerund: arrepentir-se ex. I regret telling you that you failed the exam.
  3. REMEMBER Infinitive: related to the future (recordeu) Gerund: related to the past (m’enrecordo)
  4. STOP Infinitive: parar per alguna cosa Gerund: deixar de fer alguna cosa o parar de fer alguna cosa
  5. TRY Infinitive: do something that isn’t easy Gerund: test something, do something as an “experiment” to see if you have the result that you want.