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Acta Bio-Optica et Informatica Medica, Vol. 9, 2003 131 USE OF VARIABLE MAGNETIC FIELD OF LOW FREQUENCY IN DEGENERATIVE KNEE JOINT DISEASE Ewa Boemner', Marzena Kobylaíska?, Ewa Bieé!, Barbara Ratajezak!, Ewa Demezuk-Wlodarezyk', Aneta Demidas' 'The Academy of Physical Education, Departamen of Physiotherapy, ul. Rzezbiarska 4, 51-617 Wroclaw 2ZOZ dla Szkó1 Wyzszych, ul. Chopina 5/7, 51-616 Wroclaw Abstract The work deals with application of magnetotherapy for treatment of degenerative disease of kmee joint. lt was statistically proved that this kind of treatment is beneficia) for lowering of pain level, increases the locomotory ability and decreases the swollen tissue. Streszezenie Zastosowanie wolnozmiennych pól magnetyeznych w chorobie zwyrodnieniowej stawów kolanowych Leczenie chorych ze zmianami zwyrodnieniowymi jest kompleksowe ioprócz dzialania przeciwzapalnego stosuje sig wszelkie $rodki tagodzace ból. Jedna z metod fizykoterapeutycznych jest magnetoterapia. Celem pracy byta ocena skutecznosci magnetoterapii w chorobie zwyrodnieniowej stawów kolanowych. Na podstawie uzyskanych badaú stwierdzono, ¿e magnetoterapia ma istotay wplyw na obnizenie poziomu bólu, przyezynia sig do zwigkszenia zakresu ruchu w stawach i powoduje zmniejszenie obwodów koñczyn dolnych. Key words: magnetic field, degenerative knee joints disease Slowa kjuezowe: magnetoterapia, choroba zwyrodnieniowa stawów kolanowych Received: 05.11.2003 1. Introduction Gonarthrosis is one ofthe most frequent pathologies of Knee, Degenerative joint disease is the most prevalent disease of motor apparatus. First, non-ctinical changes may occur in the second or third decade of hife. 35% of people aged 45-65 years suffer from the disease and 60-75% of people over 65 years old. Gonarthrosis has third place after coxarthrosis and degenerative changes of spine. It affects 5% of population, in 75% of cases are women. The disease makes women unable to work and often disable. Gonarthrosis is caused by repeated mechanical injuries, changes connected with strain put on the joint, which may be connected with oldery, sport injuries, excessive body weight or anomalies in body [1]. Patients with degenerative changes are treated in a complex way and, apart from anti-inflam- matory action, various of pain-relieving agents are administered [2]. Physiosherapy plays significant role in analgesic treatment. The aim of physiotherapy is to reduce pain, muscle tone, tissue oedema and to prepare patient for kinesytherapy aimed at sustaining or re- storing proper mobility in joints affected by the disease. More and more frequently magnetotherapy is used [3]. Treatment with magnetic field is a natural, biological form of therapy. 1t has been known since ancient times. Scientific bases for this kind oftreatment appeared in the 20* century. The properties ofmagnetic fields, their effect on human organism were studied and better therapeutic devices are constructed [4, $]. The purpose of this study was to assess efficacy ofmagnetic field of low frequency in gonarthrosis. 2. Materials and methods The subjects ofthe study were patients from Wroclaw's outpatient clinic suffering from degenerative knee joint disease involving both knee joints. Patients were not 'Praca wygloszona na VI Migdzynarodowej Konferencji Naukowej — Lwów, marzec 2003 132 Acta Bio- Optica el Informatica Medica, Vol. 9, 2003 subjected to any other therapy during treatment. The research group consisted of30 patients aged 56-65 (22 women and 3 men). Most of them with paín and limi- ted mobility in knec joints, Characteristics ofíhe group is shown in Table 1. Table |, Characteristics of the group Women Men Total. | Patients | % [mean] Patiems | % [Mean number age | number age 30 22 1333| 604] 8 267 | 6t4 Before therapy, history of the patients was taken: first name, surname, age, sex, duration of the disease. AlI patients were subjectod to the procedures with magnetic field of low frequency. Apparatus emítting sinusoidal impulses, 1-10 mT, frequency 20-50 Hz, was used in the procedures. During the procedures, first. small intensities were used, then, the intensitics were gradually increased to maximal dose. Applicator in shape ofa spoo! with 315 mm diameter adjusted to the shape of the area subjected to the procedure. Each procedure lasted 20 minutes. 15 procedures were re- commended. First 10 procedures were carried out every day and the following $ procedures were carried out every second day. Each patient had procedure car- ried out at the same time of day. All patients were exa- mined before the therapy and just after its completion. “Fhe examinations involved the area of two lower limbs. Obtained results were statistically analysed. * Measurement of the range of flexion motion in knee joints. * Measurement of circumference of both limbs at three levels, with precision to 0.5 em: on the level of Knee crevice, on the level of medial head of quadriceps muscle of thigh, on the level of lateral head of quadriceps of thigh. Pain was assessed on Domza!'s modified 10-degres numeric scale [2], where 0 means lack of pain, 10 me- ans severe pain. 3. Results The results of the assessment of efficacy of therapy with magnetic field in degenerative knee joint disease as fr as pain, range of mobility and circumference are concerned, on the level of knee joint, lateral head and medial head of quadriceps muscle of thigh before and after the therapy are shown in table 2 and 3. Median value indicates that 50% of studied patients experienced before therapy chronic pain, inercasing in severity with every change of position. Whercas, after therapy, in 75% of studied cases there was a reduction of severity of pain to the level of slight pain ocourring every day with small intervals. Comparative analysis indicates that therapy has statistically significant effect on both lower limbs (Table 2). Analysis of the range of movement in knee joint in sagittal plane before and after therapy indicates signifi- cant reduction of limitation in flexion. Mean values of the range of movement indicate statistically significant increase inthe range of flexion movement after therapy (Table 3). Also values of circumferences measured at the level of knee joint crevice ofboth lower limbs indi- cate significant reduction of circumferences after pro- cedure with variable magnetic field. It may suggest re- duction ofoedema and positive effects ofthe therapy in degenerative knee joint disease, Calculated mean values of circumferences of both limbs at the level of medial head of quadriceps muscle of thigh indicate significant reduction of their circumference after therapy. No sta- tisticalty significant variance was found in measure- ments of circumference of lower left limb before and after therapy at the level of lateral head of quadriceps muscle ofthigh (Table 3). It can be assumed that it was aresult of reduction of vedema and not wasting of the mass of quadriceps muscle of thigh. 4. Discussion Research studies carried out by Sieroñ and his co-wor- kers [7-9] indicate that there is a wide spectrum ofef- fects that magnetic field exerts on processes of aerobic and anaerobic respiration. lt was also found that due to increased emission of endogenic opiates, magnetic fields alleviate pain. lt was found that in treatment of degenerative joint disease, therapy with magnetic field is one of the most beneficial physiotherapeutic me- thods. On the basis of conducted study, the researchers came to the conclusion that magnetic field of low fre- quency has positive effect on alleviation of pain. lt was also noticed by Sieroí and Krawezyk-Krupka [6] who claim that therapy with magnetic field of low frequency has positive effect on reduction of pain and, thereby, is an alternative method for analgesic pharmacological agents. 134 Acta Bio Optica et Informatica Medica, Vol. 9, 2003 3. P. Koejan. K. Brzozowski: Ograniezenie w stoso- waniu zmiennego pola magnetyeznego niskiej ezestolliwosci. Fizjoterapia, Nr 3 (1998) 9-11. 4. J.Czernicki, M. Woldaíska-Okoñska, M. Karasek: Wplyw leczniczego stosowania pola magnetycz nego niskiej czestotliwo$ci na wydzielanie melato- niny u pacjentów z zespolami bólowymi krggo- slupa. Fizjoterapia, Nr 3 (1998) 3-5. 5. R. Rutowski, M. Szpilezyska-Maciejewska, 1. Krynicka: Magnetoterapia. Zastosowanie lecznicze pola magnetycznego. Acta Bio-Opt. Inform. Med., 4(1998)3 6. 6. A. Sicroñ, A. Krawezyk-Ktupka: Komórkowe efekty odázialywania wolnozmiennych pól magnetycz- nych. Acta Bio-Opt. Inform.Med., 4, (1998) 79-85. 7. A. Sieroñ: Magnetoterapia — magnetostymulacja Podstawy cz. £ Acta Bio-Opt. Inform. Med., 4 (1998) 1 $. A. Sieroñ: Magnetoterapia — magnetostymulacja Podstawy cz. H. Acta Bio-Opt. Inform. Med., 4 (1998) 45-46. 9. M. Woldañska-Koñska, J. Czernicki, M. Hyz Ocenaskutecznosci preeciwbólowejpól magnelycz- mch 0 ej charakterystyce. Polska, 41(1-2) (1999) 57-61. 10. M.C. Hochberg, R.D. Altan, K.D. Brandy i in: Leczente zachowewcze choroby wyrodnieniowe] stawu kolanowego. Medyeyna Praktyczna, Nr 11 (1996) 117-122. Balneologia Ea KWARTALNIK POD PATRONATEM PTIB ISSN 1234-5563 Najnowsze osiggniecia optoclektroniki i informatyki w medycynie i inzynierii biomedycznej cena 20 24 MEDYCYNA ALNA LASERY KOMPUTERY INZYNIERIA BIOMEDYCZNA Nagroda za prace 7 inzynierii biomedycznej w konkursie tygodnika ,Polityka”! Laureatka mgr inz. J. Bauer (z prawej), rekomendowana do Nagrody przez Prof. M. Kleibera, promotor Prof. H. Podbielska (z lewej) ACTA BIO el OPTICA NR 34/2003 vol, 9 ET INFORMATICA MEDICA 
