Coherence continued, Apuntes de Idioma Inglés

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COHERENCE CONTINUED

Transitions and keyword repetition

TRANSITIONAL WORDS AND PHRASES

¢ Writers often avoid the use of these cohesive ties

because they think the logical relationships

between segments in their writing should be self-

evident. This feeling is natural: those

relationships have occurred to you, so they seem

obvious to you. They may not have occurred to

your readers though: they are visitors in your

mind, so you must guide them through your

thought process.

TRANSITIONAL WORDS AND PHRASES

¢ Each of the U.S. manned space exploration projects had specific major goals. For example, the Mercury project was designed to test whether or not human beings could survive and function in outer space. In addition, the Mercury project tested rockets with the new Mercury space capsule, which could hold one person. As another example, the Gemini project was intended to find out whether two people could work in the weightless environment of space. One way of doing this was by having Gemini astronauts take "spacewalks." That is, they floated outside their spacecraft in a spacesuit, connected to it by a tether. Gemini astronauts also tried out new flying skills. For example, some astronauts flew two spacecraft extremely close together; this procedure was called "rendezvous." On some Gemini flights, astronauts physically linked two spacecraft together. This linking, or "space docking," was a major goal of the Gemini program. Finally, the Apollo project, with three astronauts, had the goal of testing spacecraft and skills so that people could actually fly to the Moon and land on it. Other goals included performing scientific experiments on the lunar surface and collecting rocks for study on Earth.

TRANSITIONAL WORDS AND PHRASES

¢ There are many different categories of

connectors, which introduce different kinds of

information. For example…

— To add information ¢ In addition, furthermore, also, moreover, what is more, etc. — To list or to introduce a conclusion ¢ To begin with, first and foremost, in summary, to sum up, etc. — To restate ¢ Rather, namely, that is to say, in other words, etc. — To introduce contrast or a concession ¢ However, nevertheless, on the other hand, yet, etc.

KEYWORD REPETITION

¢ As a supreme test of the architect , the American museum now ranks with the cathedral and the skyscraper. Since the end of World War II, American architects have probably designed and built more museums than ever before existed in the entire world. The public museum is a comparatively recent phenomenon, dating only from the French Revolution, when the new government invited the people in to look at the royal art treasures. Following that example, the first museums in Europe were mainly reconverted palaces. In the United States, however, the museum became something else—a Hydra- headed civic movement. The architect was asked to provide at once a dignified external presence, radiant interior galleries, restaurants, bookstores, and theatres. In the 1960s and ’70s, when ‘image’ counted most of all, the cream of America’s architects —Marcel Breuer, I.M. Pei, Kevin Roche—turned out one such dramatic monolith after another, from the massive Whitney Museum of American Art in New York to the spectacular East Wing of the National Gallery in Washington. Newsweek (CP pg. 125) — keywords: architect x 4, museum x 5

KEYWORD REPETITION

¢ Learning how to drive a car with a stick shift is

difficult. The location of each gear and the speed to

drive before changing each gear must be learned first.

How to push in the clutch and change the gear to

obtain the best speed can be tricky and frustrating

until after the driver discovers just where the clutch

accelerates the gear speed. Furthermore, bouncing

and jerking can occur until this complicated

maneuver is mastered. To make matters more

challenging , this “sweet spot” is different in all cars.

In addition, downshifting is bothersome , but it has

to be learned to allow for turns and slowing. In the

same way, the clutch and gear speed work together,

but the procedure is harder because the gear is

shifted to slow down, not to speed up. When shifting

and downshifting are learned, usually driving is easy.