Impossible things in the present / unlikely things in the future
If + past simple, would + infinitive
If I won the lottery, I would sail round the world.
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General truths and general habits
If + present simple, present simple
If you add two and two, you get four.
Possible or likely things in the future
If + present simple, will + infinitive
If it rains later, we'll stay at home.
Things that didn't happen in the past and their imaginary results
If + past perfect, would + have + past participle
If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam.
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