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Critical Perspective: Understanding Critical Theory and Its Origins in Marxism - Prof. 982, Apuntes de Publicidad y Promoción

Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF)Publicidad y Promoción

An overview of the critical perspective, focusing on critical theory, its origins in marxism, and its development through the frankfurt school. Topics include the role of reason, the conflict between the bourgeoisie and proletariat, and the critique of instrumental reason. Notable figures include max horkheimer, theodor adorno, and herbert marcuse.

Tipo: Apuntes

2013/2014

Subido el 01/02/2014

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UNIT%8.%CRITICAL%PERSPECTIVE%
!
"!CRITICAL!THEORY!(FRANKFURT!SCHOOL)!
"!BRITISH!CULTURAL!STUDIES!(BIRMINGHAM!SCHOOL)!
"!POLITICAL!ECONOMY!
!
!
In!the!critical%perspective,!!they!don’t!apply!any!methodoly!apart!from!observing!
things.!It’s!more!rational,!like!philosophy.!Critical!perspective!is!just!applying!
reason!or!rationality,!they!use!dialectial!skills!to!interpretate!reality.!
!
The!origins!of!the!critical!perspective!are!in!Karl!Marx.!!
Critical theory is a school of thought that stresses the reflective assessment
and critique of society and culture by applying knowledge from thesocial sciences and
the humanities. As a term, critical theory has two meanings with different origins and histories:
the first originated insociology and the second originated in literary criticism, whereby it is used
and applied as an umbrella term that can describe a theory founded upon critique; thus, the
theorist Max Horkheimer described a theory as critical insofar as it seeks "to liberate human
beings from the circumstances that enslave them." [1]
In philosophy, the term critical theory describes the neo-Marxist philosophy of the Frankfurt
School, which was developed in Germany in the 1930s. Frankfurt theorists drew on the critical
methods of Karl Marx and Sigmund Freud. Critical theory maintains that ideology is the principal
obstacle to human liberation
!
Marxism:!conflict!in!society!between!2!social!groups:!burgesy!and!proletarian!
(who!do!not!own!means!of!production).!
!
Critical!theory!
"!beginning:!!
"the!beginning!of!the!critical!theory!is!in!1993!with!the!foundation!of!the!
Jnstitute!of!Social!Research.!
"!In!1930!Horkheimer!assumes!control!of!the!Institute!
"!1933:!Hitler’s!rise!to!power:!exile!of!critical!theorists!
"!critical!theory!is!related!to!Marxism!and!psychoanalysis!
"!critique!of!instrumental!reason!
"!principles:!
! "!reason!(or!racionality)!as!the!main!source!of!access!to!knowledge!
! "!a!rational!society!should!be!open!to!the!participation!of!all!individuals!
"!Lanzarsfeld!and!Adorno’s!collaboration:!they!collaborated.!They!wanted!to!
conduct!a!study!of!music!(radio)!within!US!culture.!Adorno’s!critique!the!object!of!
study!in!administrative!research!of!functionalism,!the!method!and!the!social!
function.!!
thadorno!and!horkheimer:!the!culture!industry!
"!walter!Benjamin:!“the!work!of!art!in!the!age!of!mechanical!reproduction”!(1936)!
"!Herbert!Marcuse:!

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UNIT 8. CRITICAL PERSPECTIVE

-­‐ CRITICAL THEORY (FRANKFURT SCHOOL)

-­‐ BRITISH CULTURAL STUDIES (BIRMINGHAM SCHOOL)

-­‐ POLITICAL ECONOMY

In the critical perspective, they don’t apply any methodoly apart from observing things. It’s more rational, like philosophy. Critical perspective is just applying reason or rationality, they use dialectial skills to interpretate reality. The origins of the critical perspective are in Karl Marx. Critical theory is a school of thought that stresses the reflective assessment and critique of society and culture by applying knowledge from thesocial sciences and the humanities. As a term, critical theory has two meanings with different origins and histories: the first originated insociology and the second originated in literary criticism, whereby it is used and applied as an umbrella term that can describe a theory founded upon critique; thus, the theorist Max Horkheimer described a theory as critical insofar as it seeks "to liberate human beings from the circumstances that enslave them." [1] In philosophy, the term critical theory describes the neo-Marxist philosophy of the Frankfurt School, which was developed in Germany in the 1930s. Frankfurt theorists drew on the critical methods of Karl Marx and Sigmund Freud. Critical theory maintains that ideology is the principal obstacle to human liberation Marxism: conflict in society between 2 social groups: burgesy and proletarian (who do not own means of production). Critical theory -­‐ beginning: -­‐the beginning of the critical theory is in 1993 with the foundation of the Jnstitute of Social Research. -­‐ In 1930 Horkheimer assumes control of the Institute -­‐ 1933: Hitler’s rise to power: exile of critical theorists -­‐ critical theory is related to Marxism and psychoanalysis -­‐ critique of instrumental reason -­‐ principles: -­‐ reason (or racionality) as the main source of access to knowledge -­‐ a rational society should be open to the participation of all individuals -­‐ Lanzarsfeld and Adorno’s collaboration: they collaborated. They wanted to conduct a study of music (radio) within US culture. Adorno’s critique the object of study in administrative research of functionalism, the method and the social function. thadorno and horkheimer: the culture industry -­‐ walter Benjamin: “the work of art in the age of mechanical reproduction” (1936) -­‐ Herbert Marcuse: