HISTORY AND THEORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
4. Marxism (I):
Imperialism and World-Systems
Dr. Javier Morales
javier[email protected]
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Unit 4: Marxism (I), Apuntes de Relaciones Internacionales
Asignatura: Historia y teoría de las relaciones internacionales, Profesor: , Carrera: Global Bachelor´s Degree in International Relations, Universidad: UEM
Tipo: Apuntes
2014/2015
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HISTORY AND THEORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
4. Marxism (I):
Imperialism and World-Systems
Dr. Javier Morales [email protected]
Contents 4.1. What is Marxism? 4.2. Theories of Imperialism 4 .3. World-Systems Theory
4 .1. What is Marxism?
- Karl MARX (1818-1883)
- German philosopher, economist, journalist and revolutionary
- The Communist Manifesto, with Friedrich ENGELS; Capital
4 .1. What is Marxism?
- Socialist theories are much more diverse:
- Marxism Æ Communism
- Communist regimes: USSR (Marxism-Leninism), etc.
- In Europe nowadays, opposed to capitalism but participates in democratic politics (not revolution)
- Social democracy (Socialist/Labour parties in Europe)
- Participation in democratic politics
- Defends a more socially-oriented capitalism
- Libertarian socialism Æ Anarchism
- Not just taking over the capitalist state: any state is a form of opression
- Creating new, smaller and self-managed political communities
- Marxism Æ Communism
https://hecticdialectics.files.wordpress.com/2013/12/base-superstructure.png^7 Material conditions (our social class) determine who we are and what we do (ideas, beliefs, interests…)
4 .1. What is Marxism?
- Future evolution of history: 1. Capitalism (dictatorship of the bourgeoisie) 2. Workers’ revolution 3. Dictatorship of the proletariat: transitional control of political power by the working class 4. Communist society: no inequalities or social classes (“from each according to their ability, to each according to their needs” )
- Debate within Marxism: is participation in political institutions and elections more effective than revolution? - Russell Brand on revolution vs voting as a way for change: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3YR4CseY9pk
4 .2. Theories of Imperialism
- Imperialist phase of capitalism: analyzed by Lev TROTSKY, Rosa LUXEMBURG, Vladimir I. LENIN… - Capitalism is expansionist (need for raw materials, new markets) Æ colonialism, driven by industrial- financial blocs - Wars between rival imperialist powers Æ use nationalist and militaristic ideologies to get workers’ support
4 .2. Theories of Imperialism
- Nowadays, military interventions / invasions by imperialist powers: - US in Vietnam, Afghanistan, Iraq…; support for dictatorships (Spain, Chile, Argentina… during the Cold War). - USSR in Eastern Europe, Afghanistan… - Russia in Ukraine now. - Etc.
4.3. World-Systems Theory http://2012books.lardbucket.org/books/regional-geography-of-the-world-globalization-people-and-places/section_04/97b4f605da839750cf95555d7e297bc5.jpg
4 .3. World-Systems Theory
- Developed by Immanuel WALLERSTEIN
- Influenced by dependency theory
- Alliance of the ruling classes in core and peripheral countries
- History is marked by the rise and demise of “world systems” - The modern system (capitalism, since 16th century) will also have an end - Decline after the Cold War http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JN6LlMY2ApQ