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documento en español, Apuntes de Lengua y Literatura

este documento tiene informacion del idioma español

Tipo: Apuntes

2022/2023

Subido el 19/02/2023

alaiz-odriozola
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SPANISH CIVIL WAR
- Spain was avery backward country with very few industries,it was primarily a
peasant economy
- It was also a very religious with a very powerful chatolic church
- It also had a growing problem of separation groups; particularly Basques and
Catalans.
WHO WERE THE REPUBLICANS?
- Urban workers, mostl landless peasant, much of the educated middle class,
all the left wing, , groups and socials and anarchist trade unions
- They were particularly strong in industrial regions such as asturias and
cataluña
WHO WERE THE NATIONALS?
- The majority of chatolok clergy and practicing catholics, most of large
landowners, many businesses, carlist, monarchist, centralist (those opposed
to regional autonomies.) , and fascist.
- They kept the best trained part of the Army, that is, the Army of Morocco, and
many important officials.
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SPANISH CIVIL WAR

  • Spain was avery backward country with very few industries,it was primarily a peasant economy
  • It was also a very religious with a very powerful chatolic church
  • It also had a growing problem of separation groups; particularly Basques and Catalans.

WHO WERE THE REPUBLICANS?

  • Urban workers, mostl landless peasant, much of the educated middle class, all the left wing, , groups and socials and anarchist trade unions
  • They were particularly strong in industrial regions such as asturias and cataluña

WHO WERE THE NATIONALS?

  • The majority of chatolok clergy and practicing catholics, most of large landowners, many businesses, carlist, monarchist, centralist (those opposed to regional autonomies.) , and fascist.
  • They kept the best trained part of the Army, that is, the Army of Morocco, and many important officials.

CAUSES

    1. 1930 spain under distatorship primo de rivera with alfonao xiii king
  • During this time the country had some modernization but was still largely backward and like most countries was hit hard by the Wall Street Crash and the depression which followed. Unemployment rose and Rivera did not have the ability to sort out Spanish financial mess.
  • This was one of the reasons why rivera abandoned and alfonso gave up his throne
  • In 1931 elections were held and republicans won, so a republic government brought in some reforms
  • The new republic faced a number of major problems
    • Two important regions in Spain wanted independence (Cataluña, basque.) Had their interes be successful, it would have lead to the break out in spain
    • The government thought that the army had too much influence in politics and they were determined to reduce its influence.
    • Spain was primary an agricultural nation and in the 1930 depression hit prices for crops
    • The little industry that Spain had was hit by the depression, Iron and Steel were especially hit as no one had the money to pay for the products.
    • Unemployment in both agriculture and industry rose.
    • The historic privileges of the roman chatolic church were attacked. Priests were no longer paid by the state
    • Religious education in schools was stopped.

FOREIGN INVOLVEMENT

  • Portugal, Germany and Italy Helped the National side.
  • Democratic countries decided not to get involved.

FRANCE

Attitude In 1936 France was ruled by a popular front government similar to Spain which was led by Leon Blum. Non-Intervention policy suited French; they wanted to support the republicans but couldn’t rely on British support, were militarily unprepared and financially committed to a program of social reform. Involvement Officially the French government stuck to the policy of non – intervention. Unofficially, Small amounts of arms were smuggled across the border by French Trade Unionists to help the Republicans.

BRITAIN

Non-intervention was the ideal policy for Baldwin’s government As a conservative government, they couldn’t be seen to be supporting a popular front government, but also couldn’t be seen to be supporting a national side. In addition to this, Britain was not militarily or financially capable of getting involved.

ITALY

Attitude Italians initially agreed to non-intervention. However Mussolini wanted to support the nationalist side; he was afraid that if they lost, Italy would be surrounded by popular front governments. Another motive for involvement was the raw materials available in Spain. Add to this, the chance to distract Italian attention from the poor living standards and high unemployment rates. Involvement

  • Gave military aid to Franco and the National side.
  • Between 1936 and 1938 the Italians provided. 50,000-100,000 troops – 6, killed.
  • 760 aircraft.
  • 950 tanks.
  • 91 ships.
  • 7.5 million rounds of ammunition.
  • In November 1936 Italy officially recognised Franco’s government

RUSSIA

Attitude Stalin used the Civil War to further his own foreign policy aims. He was keen to prevent a victory for Franco and the National side.. Involvement

  • Russia gave limited aid to the Popular Front/Republican side in return for Spain’s gold reserves.
  • 240 Planes
  • 88million (in exchange for gold reserves)
  • 700 guns
  • tons of ammunition
  • Oil, tractors, technicians
  • Russia also insisted that revolutionary socialists and anarchists were weakened. As a result many were murdered.
  • Supporters of Stalin were given a large measure of power in organizing the International Brigades.

GERMANY

Attitude Hitler was keen to help the spread of any Fascist type regimes in Europe. Like Mussolini Hitler was keen to prevent a popular front government in Spain Raw materials would help with Germany’s rearmament(acquisition of new weapons) plans. Spain as an ally would help control the Mediterranean in a future war. It would also be a chance to try out new weapons and methods. i.e Blitzkreig (a sudden attack that is intended to surprise and quickly defeat the enemy,involving aircraft and forces on the ground) It would also be a chance to get closer links with Italy. Involvement

  • Condor Legion under command of General Von Sperlle – 6,000 MEN
  • 43 million-16,000 men – 300 killed/wounded
  • Guernica April 26th 1937 1,700 killed 900 wounded
  • 100 planes
  • 16 tanks
  • The weaknesses of appeasement (pacifying)were shown.
  • The war was a testing ground for Hitler’s Blitzkreig tactics.
  • “A climate of war” had been created, Spain had put the possibility of a European war firmly on the agenda.
  • Spain, however, did not ally with Germany.

GUERNICA

When: 26 April 1937 Where: Guernica Who: General Mola and Germans, with the condor legion What Happened:

  • It was a market day in Guernica.
  • People watched the condor legion going to guernica and throwing bombs.
  • It was aleatory.
  • 74% of the buildings destroyed (271)
  • The attack lasted 3 hours and 28 tonnes of bombs were thrown. GUERNICA PAINTING: By: Pablo Picasso We can see in the painting:
  • Light and Dope
  • Screams and Desperation
  • Helplessness and Death