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Guía evaluación incertidumbres en funciones trigonométricas y logarítmicas: sorpresa en ex, Resúmenes de Ciencias Ambientales

Este documento proporciona guía sobre la evaluación de incertidumbres en funciones trigonométricas y logarítmicas, informando que no se espera su análisis en examenes. Además, explica cómo calcular las incertidumbres absolutas, fraccionales y porcentuales en medidas, así como cómo propagar las incertidumbres a través de cálculos. Se incluyen ejemplos y prácticas para ilustrar los conceptos.

Tipo: Resúmenes

2018/2019

Subido el 27/02/2019

Dali119
Dali119 🇨🇴

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Guidance:
• Analysis of uncertainties will not be expected for
trigonometric or logarithmic functions in
examinations
Data booklet reference:
• If y = a b then y = a + b
• If y = a · b / c then y / y = a / a + b / b + c / c
• If y = a n then y / y = | n · a / a |
Topic 1: Measurement and uncertainties
1.2 – Uncertainties and errors
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Guidance:

  • Analysis of uncertainties will not be expected for trigonometric or logarithmic functions in examinations Data booklet reference:
  • If y = ab then  y =  a +  b
  • If y = a · b / c then  y / y =  a / a +  b / b +  c / c
  • If y = a n then  y / y = | n ·a / a |

1.2 – Uncertainties and errors

Absolute, fractional and percentage uncertaintiesAbsolute error is the raw uncertainty or precision of your measurement.

1.2 – Uncertainties and errors

EXAMPLE:

A student measures the length of a line with a wooden meter stick to be 11 mm  1 mm. What is the absolute error or uncertainty in her measurement? SOLUTION:  (^) The  number is the absolute error. Thus 1 mm is the absolute error.  (^) 1 mm is also the precision. 1 mm is also the raw uncertainty.

Absolute, fractional and percentage uncertaintiesPercentage error is given by

1.2 – Uncertainties and errors

EXAMPLE:

A student measures the length of a line with a wooden meter stick to be 11 mm  1 mm. What is the percentage error or uncertainty in her measurement? SOLUTION:  (^) Percentage error = (1 / 11) ·100% = 9% Percentage Error = Absolute Error Measured Value percentage error · 100% FYI Don’t forget to include the percent sign.

Absolute, fractional and percentage uncertainties

1.2 – Uncertainties and errors

PRACTICE:

SOLUTION:

 (^) Find the average of the two measurements: (49.8 + 50.2) / 2 = 50.0.  (^) Find the range / 2 of the two measurements: (50.2 – 49.8) / 2 = 0.2.  (^) The measurement is 50.0  0.2 cm.

Propagating uncertainties through calculations To find the uncertainty in a sum or difference you just add the uncertainties of all the ingredients.

1.2 – Uncertainties and errors

EXAMPLE:

A 9.51  0.15 meter rope ladder is hung from a roof that is 12.56  0.07 meters above the ground. How far is the bottom of the ladder from the ground? SOLUTION:  (^) y = a – b = 12.56 - 9.51 = 3.05 m  (^) ∆ y = ∆ a + ∆ b = 0.15 + 0.07 = 0.22 m Thus the bottom is 3.05  0.22 m from the ground.

Propagating uncertainties through calculations To find the uncertainty in a product or quotient you just add the percentage or fractional uncertainties of all the ingredients. In formula form we have

1.2 – Uncertainties and errors

If y = a · b / c then ∆ y / y = ∆ a / a + ∆ b / b + ∆ c / c uncertainty in products and quotients FYI Whether or not the calculation has a  or a , the uncertainties are ADDED. You can’t add numbers having different units, so we use fractional uncertainties for products and quotients.

Propagating uncertainties through calculations

1.2 – Uncertainties and errors

PRACTICE:

SOLUTION:

 ∆ P / P = ∆ I / I + ∆ I / I + ∆ R / R

∆ P / P = 2% + 2% + 10% = 14%.

Propagating uncertainties through calculations

1.2 – Uncertainties and errors

PRACTICE:

SOLUTION:

 (^) ∆ r / r = 0.5 / 10 = 0.05 = 5%.  (^) A =  r^2.  (^) Then ∆ A / A = ∆ r / r + ∆ r / r = 5% + 5% = 10%.

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