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EU Institutional System, Apuntes de Derecho de la Unión Europea

Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM)Derecho de la Unión Europea
Prof. Ferrer Covadonga

Communitarian Law EU Institutional System

Tipo: Apuntes

2018/2019

Subido el 24/01/2019

2211-17
2211-17 🇪🇸

4.3

(14)

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EU Institutional System!
Communitarian Law!
3. EU INSTITUTIONAL SYSTEM
I. INTRODUCTION. CHARACTERISTICS AND PRINCIPLES OF THE
INSTITUTIONAL SYSTEM
1. The community institutions
Each of the original Commodities had it’s own institutional system, but they were merged.!
On the 25 of March of 1957 the Convention on certain institutions common to the European Communities was signed
(objective: improve the management of the Communities and avoid excessive costs) !
From this, merged the Parliamentary Assemblies and the Courts of Justices of the three Communities. The Convention
stipulated that the Parliamentary Assembly and Court of Justice would be common institutions. !
It entered into force at the same time as the Treaties of Rome. Therefore, in practice it never coexisted three Assemblies
and three Courts of Justice. !
The Court of Justice clarifies that: “By virtue of the Convention on certain institutions common to the European
Communities of 25 March 1957, the powers and competences that the three Treaties confers to the Parliament and the
Court of Justice shall be exercised “in the conditions established, respectively, in those Treaties”. The differences existing
to this respect have not therefore disappeared because of the creation of these common institutions”.!
The Assemblies and Courts are merged, but it does not affect the competences. !
The existing Assembly and Court of Justice added to their competences the ones contained in the two new Treaties, and
exercised these competences in the conditions established in each of the Treaties. !
Treaty on the merger of the executive institutions (1965) —> Unifies the Commission and the Council. !
ECSC
COMMISSION
EURATOM
High authority
Commision
Commission
Council
Council
Council
Parliamentary Assembly
Parliamentary Assembly
Parliamentary Assembly
Court of Justice
Court of Justice
Court of Justice
FROM ECC AND
EURATOM TREATIES
High Authority
Commission
Commission
Council
Council
Council
Parliamentary Assembly
(same)
Parliamentary Assembly
(same)
Parliamentary Assembly
(same)
Court of Justice (same)
Court of Justice (same)
Court of Justice (same)
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Communitarian Law

3. EU INSTITUTIONAL SYSTEM

I. INTRODUCTION. CHARACTERISTICS AND PRINCIPLES OF THE

INSTITUTIONAL SYSTEM

1. The community institutions

Each of the original Commodities had it’s own institutional system, but they were merged. On the 25 of March of 1957 the Convention on certain institutions common to the European Communities was signed (objective: improve the management of the Communities and avoid excessive costs) From this, merged the Parliamentary Assemblies and the Courts of Justices of the three Communities. The Convention stipulated that the Parliamentary Assembly and Court of Justice would be common institutions. It entered into force at the same time as the Treaties of Rome. Therefore, in practice it never coexisted three Assemblies and three Courts of Justice. The Court of Justice clarifies that: “ By virtue of the Convention on certain institutions common to the European Communities of 25 March 1957, the powers and competences that the three Treaties confers to the Parliament and the Court of Justice shall be exercised “in the conditions established, respectively, in those Treaties”. The differences existing to this respect have not therefore disappeared because of the creation of these common institutions ”. The Assemblies and Courts are merged, but it does not affect the competences. The existing Assembly and Court of Justice added to their competences the ones contained in the two new Treaties, and exercised these competences in the conditions established in each of the Treaties. Treaty on the merger of the executive institutions (1965) —> Unifies the Commission and the Council.

ECSC COMMISSION EURATOM

High authority Commision Commission

Council Council Council

Parliamentary Assembly Parliamentary Assembly Parliamentary Assembly

Court of Justice Court of Justice Court of Justice

FROM ECC AND

EURATOM TREATIES

High Authority Commission Commission

Council Council Council

Parliamentary Assembly

(same)

Parliamentary Assembly

(same)

Parliamentary Assembly

(same)

Court of Justice (same) Court of Justice (same) Court of Justice (same)

Communitarian Law Fusion of bodies, without affecting the competences that each Treaty conferred them, the way of functioning or the conditions to exercise the competences. Each institution continued exercising the competences and powers that the three Treaties attributed them and in the conditions provided for in each Treaty and in the convention for the unification. The merge did not reached the Communities, they kept on being three different international organizations with their respective foundational Treaties (until the expiration of the ECSC). That’s the reason why the acts specified the Community under which they had been adopted. For example: Regulation No 59/64/EEC of the Council, of 3 June. Currently, the acts just makes reference to the EU (because with the Lisbon Treaty the EU substitutes and succeeds the previous Communities). Treaty of Brussels 1975 —> Creates the Court of auditors. SEA: The Assembly was renamed European Parliament and a Court of First Instance is created. Institutional scheme from 1992 TEU: European Parliament, Council, Commission, Court of Justice, Court of Auditors (institutions of the Economic and Monetary Union –EMU-: ECB and ESCB). “European Constitution”: Main Institutions: EP, European Council, Council of Ministers, European Commission, Court of Justice of the European Union. Secondary Institutions: Court of Auditors, ECB. The Lisbon Treaty introduces a new institutional framework (art. 13 TEU): EP, European Council, Council, European Commission, Court of Justice of the European Union, ECB, Court of Auditors. The aim is to promote the values of the Union, advance its objectives, serve its interests, those of its citizens and those of the Member States, and ensure the consistency, effectiveness and continuity of its policies and actions (art. 13.1 TEU) TEU establishes provisions on the Institutions (Title III). TFEU completes them and includes the provisions regarding the ECB and the Court of Auditors (Sixth Part, Title I). Advisory bodies (art. 13.4 TEU): The Economic and Social Committee is a forum for the debate and cooperation between the economic and social partners (employers and employees, mainly) The Committee of the Regions represents local and regional authorities in the EU. Art 13.2 TEU: Each institution shall act within the limits of the powers conferred on it in the Treaties, and in conformity with the procedures, conditions and objectives set out in them. The institutions shall practice mutual sincere cooperation.

2. Characteristics of the institutional system

An original system:

  • EU as a sui generis international organization.
  • European Council and Council represent and defend national interests,