We will only consider those answers that are written clearly in the box below. You can leave
answered questions; they are not considered errors. Each incorrect answer subtracts half correct
response.
Write ONE answer for each question (A, B or C)
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CASE 1: A researcher wanted to examine whether the educational level of participants (3
levels of the independent variable) has an effect on sustained attention. Three hundred people
between 30 and 35 years old were recruited, 100 with primary education, 100 with
secondary education, and 100 with university studies. The participants had to detect, in
1000 trials, the letter F in matrices containing (or not) the letter E on a computer screen.
The researcher measured the reaction time in each trial (in milliseconds) as a marker of
attention.
1. The study described in CASE 1 is:
a) Correlational-Observational, because this research follows the usual correlational-
observational approach in which the Pearson coefficient is computed.
b) Experimental, because the independent variable is directly manipulated and the
logic of the research is to examine its impact on the dependent variable.
c) Quasi-experimental, because the three groups of the independent variable have
been formed naturally rather than by random assignment.
2. (CASE 1) What type of variable is "Educational Level"?
a) Ordinal
b) Qualitative (nominal)
c) Quantitative (discrete)
3. (CASE 1) What type of variable is "Reaction Time"?
a) Quantitative (continuous)
b) Quantitative (discrete)
c) Ordinal
4. What measure of association would you use to assess the relationship between the
variables "Gender" (male, female, other) and "Religion" (Christian, Muslim, other
religions, non-believer)?
a) Pearson Correlation
b) Spearman Correlation
c) Cramer's V Correlation
5. If the relationship between two variables X and Y is very high (e.g., a Pearson's
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