MODAL PERFECTS
Could have + past participle
Indica que se pudo hacer algo en el pasado pero que finalmente no se hizo
I was late. I could have woken up earlierI I was late. I could have woken up earlierwas I was late. I could have woken up earlierlate. I was late. I could have woken up earlierI I was late. I could have woken up earliercould I was late. I could have woken up earlierhave I was late. I could have woken up earlierwoken I was late. I could have woken up earlierup I was late. I could have woken up earlierearlier
Couldn’t have + past participle
Expresa Certeza de que algo no pudo haber ocurrido.
She I was late. I could have woken up earliercouldn’t I was late. I could have woken up earlierhave I was late. I could have woken up earlierdrunk I was late. I could have woken up earlierso I was late. I could have woken up earliermuch. I was late. I could have woken up earlierShe I was late. I could have woken up earlierwas I was late. I could have woken up earlierperfectly I was late. I could have woken up earlierfine I was late. I could have woken up earlierwhen I was late. I could have woken up earliershe I was late. I could have woken up earliergot I was late. I could have woken up earlierhome.
May/might have + past participle
Se usan para hacer una suposición de un hecho pasado.
They I was late. I could have woken up earliermight I was late. I could have woken up earlierhave I was late. I could have woken up earlierbeen I was late. I could have woken up earlierlate I was late. I could have woken up earlierbecause I was late. I could have woken up earlierof I was late. I could have woken up earlierthe I was late. I could have woken up earliertraffic.
Must have + past participle
Expresa una conclusión lógica de un hecho pasado
I I was late. I could have woken up earlierHeard I was late. I could have woken up earlieryou I was late. I could have woken up earliergot I was late. I could have woken up earlierpromoted. I was late. I could have woken up earlierYou I was late. I could have woken up earliermust I was late. I could have woken up earlierhave I was late. I could have woken up earlierfelt I was late. I could have woken up earliervery I was late. I could have woken up earlierproud I was late. I could have woken up earlierof I was late. I could have woken up earlieryourself.
Should/ought to + past participle
Con ambos Podemos tanto quejarnos de lo que ocurrió como lamentarnos de que no se haya cumplido lo
que esperábamos.
You I was late. I could have woken up earliershould/ought I was late. I could have woken up earlierto I was late. I could have woken up earlierhave I was late. I could have woken up earlierwaited I was late. I could have woken up earliera I was late. I could have woken up earliercouple I was late. I could have woken up earlierof I was late. I could have woken up earlieryears I was late. I could have woken up earlierbefore I was late. I could have woken up earliergetting I was late. I could have woken up earliermarried.
Shouldn’t have + past participle
Expresa nuestra opinión crítica sobre un hecho pasado, indicando que no debería haber pasado.
He I was late. I could have woken up earliershouldn’t I was late. I could have woken up earlierhave I was late. I could have woken up earlierinvited I was late. I could have woken up earlierhim I was late. I could have woken up earlierto I was late. I could have woken up earlierthe I was late. I could have woken up earlierparty.
Would have + past participle
Indica que se quiso haber hecho algo en el pasado, pero no se pudo debido a factores o circunstancias
externas.
I I was late. I could have woken up earlierwould I was late. I could have woken up earlierhave I was late. I could have woken up earliervisited I was late. I could have woken up earliermy I was late. I could have woken up earliergrandmother, I was late. I could have woken up earlierbut I was late. I could have woken up earliermy I was late. I could have woken up earliercar I was late. I could have woken up earlierbroke I was late. I could have woken up earlierdown.
Complete with the modal perfects below.
Could I was late. I could have woken up earlierhave I was late. I could have woken up earlier– I was late. I could have woken up earliershould I was late. I could have woken up earlierhave I was late. I could have woken up earlier– I was late. I could have woken up earliershouldn’t I was late. I could have woken up earlierhave I was late. I could have woken up earlier– I was late. I could have woken up earliermight I was late. I could have woken up earliernot I was late. I could have woken up earlierhave I was late. I could have woken up earlier– I was late. I could have woken up earliermust I was late. I could have woken up earlierhave
1. I’m so tired! I _________________ gone to bed earlier last night
2. George isn’t home. He __________________ gone out.
3. Amy still loves Carl. She __________________ broken up with him.
4. Lily didn’t seem interested in me. I _________________ made a very good impression.
5. Why didn’t you say you were coming? We _________________ waited for you.
Choose the correct answers to complete the passage.
In the past, when women got married, they usually had to change their surnames. Today, there are other
options women can / could consider. A couple mustn’t / may each choose to each keep their original
names, or to use both names together. These solutions mean that women are able to / have to keep an
important part of their identity. However, things might have got / might get confusing in the future, when
the couple has children. We asked some women what they thought:
“I shouldn’t have / must not have changed my name. I don’t have any brothers, and now there’s no one
left with our family name.”
“It must be / must have been much easier in the past, when people mustn’t / didn’t have to make all these
decisions! In my family, children and parents will all have the same surname – his.”
“I could change / could have changed my name, but I’m glad I didn’t. Now my old friends can still find me
on Facebook!”
