Understanding Behavior Therapy: Techniques, Theory, and Ethics - Prof. Valiente, Ejercicios de Psicología

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PSYCHOLOGICALINTERVENTION ANDTREATMENTDr. Carmen Valiente Ots

[email protected]

OFFICE HOURS

Mondays10:00-13:00Wednesday10:00-13:

at Office 1226 H

TERMINOLOGY

Behavior therapy - Behavior modification - Cognitive-behavioraltherapy.- Behavior modification; Originally procedures that change the

consequences and the stimulus conditions of behaviors.

• Behavior therapy is the broadest and “purest” term.- Cognitive-behavioral therapy specifically refers to techniques that

change cognitions that are influencing psychological problems.

• 3

rd

generation has variety of names:

• Acceptance and Commitment Therapy• Dialectical Behavior Therapy• Metacognitive Therapy• Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy• Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing Therapy

(EMDR)

THEORETICAL ORIENTATIONS OF CLINICAL

PSYCHOLOGISTS: 1961–2010 (Norcross &

Karpiak, 2012)

THEORETICAL ORIENTATIONS OF CLINICAL

PSYCHOLOGISTS: 1961–2010 (Norcross &

Karpiak, 2012)

WHAT IS BEHAVIOR THERAPY?

No single, agreed-

upon definition exists.

WHAT IS BEHAVIOR THERAPY?

Scientific

: It is committed

to the scientific approach.

• Defines precisely-> behaviors targeted, treatment goals,

procedures …..

• Clients’ progress is monitored before, during and after therapy.- Treatment protocols spell out the details of particular therapy

procedures have been developed enabling to employ proceduresproven efficacious.

• Conclusions about the effectiveness of therapies are based on the

results of empirical research (Evidence Based Practice).

• Managed-care companies

are only willing to pay forpsychotherapy that has atrack record of success-^

https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/published

WHAT IS BEHAVIOR THERAPY?

Active 

Clients engage in specific actions to alleviate their problems 

Conversations are predominantly for- exchanging information- helping to discover other ways to understand or solve their problems. 

Sometimes, therapy primarily consists of tasks the client does. 

Homework assignments are an important part of therapy (transfer). 

Procedures are implemented in the client’s natural environment (in vivo).- Sometimes, therapist

o

work directly with the client outside the office. o

can train people (significant others) in the client’s life.

• Clients on their own with therapist instructions

and monitoring.



The self-control approach is commonly used (i.e. Clients are their ownchange agent), with three important advantages;- personally empowering.- more likely to maintain the change.- more likely to cope with future problems on their own.- more difficult at first, but it is cost-effective in the long run.

WHAT IS BEHAVIOR THERAPY?

Present Focus 

The focus is in the present.- assume that clients’ problems, which occur in the present, are

influenced by current conditions.

• assessment focuses on the client’s current, rather than past,

circumstances.

• procedures are employed to change the current factors that are

affecting the client’s behaviors.

Contrasts with other types of psychotherapy, such aspsychoanalytic therapy, which assume that the majorinfluences on clients’ problems reside in the past.

Nowadays, most BT for complex problems:- Pay more attention to developmental issues- Go back to the past after functioning has been improved

COMMON CHARACTERISTICS OF BEHAVIOR

THERAPY



Individualized Therapy.

Procedures are tailored to each client’s unique

problem, circumstances, and client’s personal characteristics. 

Stepwise Progression.

Moving from simple to complex, from easier to

harder, or from less threatening to more threatening. 

Treatment Packages.

Two or more behavior therapy procedures often are

combined in a treatment package to increase the effectiveness of thetherapy. 

There are two cautions about treatment packages. 

combination of two or more is not always more beneficial. 

combining therapies may lengthen treatment.



Brevity.

Relatively brief, generally fewer therapy sessions and often less

overall time than many other types of therapy.- In part, from the use of homework assignments.- But, the length of therapy varies considerably with the problem.

THERAPIST–CLIENT RELATIONSHIP IN BEHAVIOR

THERAPY



The relationship is important in all forms of psychotherapy. 

In Behavior Therapy, it is considered necessary but not sufficient.- clients are helped primarily by the specific change techniques used.- clients may attribute their improvement more to the relationship.- the relationship is analogous to the role of anaesthesia in surgery. 

The relationship facilitates the implementation procedures;- increasing the client’s positive expectations and hope for success;- encouraging the client to complete homework assignments that involve risk taking;- overcoming obstacles, including clients’ not complying with the treatment;- increasing the potency of the therapist’s praise and approval. 

Collaboration between the therapist and client is a hallmark.- Behavior therapists share their expertise so that clients become knowledgeable.- Decisions about therapy goals and treatment procedures are made jointly.- Clients can decide on the type and pace of treatment.

ETHICAL ISSUES IN BEHAVIOR THERAPYETHICAL ISSUES IN BEHAVIOR THERAPY

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ow0lr63y4Mw&feature=related

ETHICAL ISSUES IN BEHAVIOR THERAPYETHICAL ISSUES IN BEHAVIOR THERAPY

The two major potential ethical issues in behavior therapyconcern:- Depriving clients of their rights and harming clients.^ 

The active role clients deciding on goals and specific therapyprocedures used is essential to avoid ethical concerns. 

Behaving ethically not only increases the chances that the treatment will besuccessful, but it also gives clients freedom of choice, which protects clients’rights.

Be particularly careful of Ethical when:- clients have little or no power.^ 

To help prevent such incidents, we have developed guidelines for theethical practice.