Introduction, Apuntes de Idioma Inglés

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History of the English Language

Language change

Did you enjoy the weekend?

• The fact that languages change

Languages are always changing

• English then and now
  • English was introduced into Britain about 1500 years

ago

• invaders from the North Sea coast of the Continent
• At first they were illiterate

Then they acquired the use of writing:

• administrative records
• historical chronicles
• religious texts
• literary works

WHAT HAPPENED?

ENGLISH LANGUAGE CHANGED

Her... Ælfred cyning... gefeaht wið ealne here, and hine Here... Alfred king... ..fought against whole army, and it

geflymde, and him æfter rad oð þet geweorc , and þær sæt put to flight, and it after rode to the fortress, and there camped

XIIII niht, and þa sealde se here him gislas fourteen nights, and then gave the army him hostages

and myccle aðas , þet hi of his rice woldon, and great oaths, that they from his kingdom would [go]

and him eac geheton þet heora cyng fulwihte onfon wolde, and him also promised that their king baptism receive would

and hi þæt gelaston... and they that did

• Three unfamiliar letters:
  • Thorn
  • Eth
  • Ash

þ

ð

æ

• Here
• Æfter
• Þær
• His
• Him
• Cyning
  • Cyng
• Rad
• Niht
• Wolde/woldon
• sæt

here after there

would sat

his him

king rode nights

• Here
• Rice
• Geflymde
• Geweorc
• Fulwihte
• Eac

ARMY

KINGDOM

PUT TO FLIGHT

FORTRESS

BAPTISM

ALSO

Eke-name nickname

• OE: and hine geflymde
• Gloss: And it put to flight
• PDE : And put it to flight
• OE: and him æfter rad
• Gloss: It after rode
• PDE: Rode after it
• OE: and þa sealde se here him gislas
• Gloss: Then gave the army him hostages
• PDE: Then the army gave him hostages

• Gefeahte

Niht

• Fulwihte

jefæaxte

niçt

fulwiçte

Middle English

• Chaucer's Canterbury Tales (14th. C)

A yong man whilom called Melibeus myghty and riche bigat vp on his

wif, pt^ called was Prudence a doghter, which pt^ called was Sophie.

Vpon a day bifel pt^ he for his desport is went into the feeldes hym to

pleye. His wif & eek his doghter, hath he laft inwith his hous, of which

the dores weren faste yshette. Thre of his olde foos, han it espied, &

setten laddres to the walles of his hous, and by wyndowes hen entred, &

betten his wif, & wounded his doghter with fyue mortal woundes in fyue

sondry places. This is to seyn, in hir feet, in hir handes, in hir erys, in hir

nose, and in hir mouth , and leften hir for deed & wenten awey.

Some endings remain

• Weren
• Yshette
• Han
• Setten
• Seyn
• Wenten

PDE unfamiliar words

• Whilom
• Inwith
• Eek
• Desport

Bigat

Bifel

Begat

Befell

PDE Archaic words

• ME : his wif, pt^ called was Prudence
• Gloss: his wife, that called was Prudence
• PDE: His wife was called Prudence
• ME: a doghter, which pt^ called was Sophie
• Gloss: a daughter, which that called was Sophie
• PDE: A daughter who was called Sophie
• ME: his desport is went into the feeldes
• Gloss: His sport is went into the fields
• PDE: for his amusement he went into the fields