1. Introduction
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1. INTRODUCTION
1.1. The organisation of language in units
1.1.1. Units of grammatical analysis
Units of grammatical analysis as meaningful units
Sentence / Clause / Phrase / Word / Morpheme
Hierarchical organisation of language
(1) Mary fell from the tree
morphemes function as constituents of words;
words function as constituents of phrases;
phrases function as constituents of sentences.
(2) I have been running all day
(3) Peter has made some modifications to the text
(4) I think Peter has gone home already
Clause functioning as constituent of another clause
(5) Mary was very glad that we could all come to the party
Clause functioning as a constituent of a phrase
(6) The bank is at the other side of the street
Phrase functioning as a constituent of another phrase
(7) blackbird
word functioning in the structure of another word
1.2. Functions and categories
The concept of constituent. Immediate and ultimate constituents
A term in grammatical analysis for a linguistic unit which is a component of a larger construction
(Crystal 1991: 75)
Following Aarts & Aarts (p. 10),
the parts into which a sentence can be segmented are the constituents of the sentence.
Relational concept
Constituent and construction
Immediate and ultimate constituents
(8) The boss must have made a mistake
