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UNIT 1
Speaking focus
Vocabulary
free-time activities
1 Students’ own answers
2 go clubbing; play computer games; do/take exercise;
have friends round, spend time with friends, see friends; go to/play gigs; play/learn the guitar; go to/ visit museums; play/listen to music; go out for/make (a) pizza; go on social media; play/watch/do sport; watch TV; go shopping; do yoga
3 Students’ own answers
4 Students’ own answers
Listening and speaking
asking and answering questions
Grammar Reference
Exercise 1 1 Does she generally come by car? 2 Always take care when using this machinery. 3 They’re sometimes a little nervous at the beginning. 4 I don’t usually go to the gym on Fridays. 5 They’ve often been told that.
5 Content words are stressed, mainly.
1 How do you usually relax when you have some free time? 2 What do you do when you stay in? Where do you go when you go out? 3 Do you like being in a large group or would you rather be with a few close friends?
6 1 watching TV, my mood 2 stay in, have friends
round 3 Playing the guitar 4 Doing yoga 5 computer games 6 for a pizza
7 Students’ own answers
Interview (Part 1)
listening to and answering questions
8 1 D 2 A 3 B 4 C 5 F 6 E/F
9 Students’ own answers
10 1 Julia: 4 and 6 ; Stefan: 2 and 3
2 I’m sorry. Would you repeat the question, please? 3 She could have used synonyms such as grades/ results, or said I always did well in the subject.
11 Julia was rather hesitant, with had a small range of
language. Stefan used a wider range of language, but sounded rather ‘flat’ and monotonous.
12 Students’ own answers
Reading focus
1 Students’ own answers.
2 1 D 2 C 3 G 4 A 5 F 6 E 7 B
3 1 it = the concert; they = Pearl Jam; who =
Ticketmaster; its = Ticketmaster’s; Their = Pearl Jam’s 2 These issues refers to the high temperatures and lack of campsite facilities. What’s more, a few more years, its
4 Students’ own answers
5 2 iconic appearance ... the festival’s success
3 One smart move 4 The costs don’t stop … most profitable 5 place to see 6 until recently been outside festival hours A (the appeal of) its location … B the expense of attending rises dramatically C such memorable performance … the following year D Lately, however … stay away from the festival itself E these issues … F On this occasion ... G their other idea was even more brilliant
Gapped text (Part 6)
6 1 E 2 C 3 G 4 B 5 A 6 D
7 – 8 Students’ own answers
Vocabulary
deducing words in context
9 1 splash out 2 confirm 3 resolve 4 lock 5 exploit
6 take into account 7 overshadow 8 cater for 9 inspire 10 ambitious 11 iconic 12 irresistible 13 profitable 14 impoverished
10 Students’ own answers
Answer key
3 1 Students’ own answers
2 C and D 3 C (it’s not possible to use know in this way in the present perfect)
4 1 C 2 A 3 D 4 C 5 A 6 C 7 B 8 D
5 – 6 Students’ own answers
Vocabulary
phrasal verbs with take
7 1 took off 2 takes after 3 took up 4 took up
5 took over 6 take back
Listening focus
Multiple matching (Part 3)
1 Students’ own answers
2 his taste in music, social media
3 F = 3
enjoy = It’s fun sharing = playing different tracks to each other
4 2 A 3 H 4 E 5 D
5 – 6 Students’ own answers
Grammar focus
Habit in the past
used to / would
1 1 no 2 no 3 yes 4 used to be 5 used to watch,
would play 6 used to (watch, be)
2 1 would always/always used to 2 would/used to
3 used to 4 used to
3 Students’ own answers
4 1 used to be 2 used to/would give 3 used to/
would go 4 used to/would start 5 used to/ would have 6 would also have to/also used to have to 7 to raise 8 compete/are competing 9 want 10 expect 11 find/are finding
5 Students’ own answers
Writing focus
Informal email (Part 2)
using informal language
1 Students’ own answers
2 1 You have to write to Josh.
2 To give him information 3 informal
3 1 there’s a music festival every summer
2 you’ll be able 3 enjoy going a lot
Grammar focus
Present time
simple and continuous forms
Grammar Reference
Exercise 2 1 go 2 are growing up 3 was 4 hasn’t got 5 appears 6 don’t take 7 is 8 are getting
1 1 A have = own/possess (stative verb); B having =
taking (activity happening at this moment) 2 A appears = seems (stative verb); B appearing = playing at (scheduled event around this time) 3 A at this moment; B in general 4 A it’s affected by; B relying on (at this time) 5 A it has a good flavour (stative verb); B trying (happening now) 6 A criticism of something which is annoying; B habitual action/event
2 all kinds of people; men, older and younger people
3 1 is enjoying 2 are beginning 3 appears
4 like 5 comes 6 want 7 are 8 are changing 9 are bringing 10 (are) making
present habit: be used to/get used to
Grammar Reference
Exercise 3 1 was 2 both 3 didn’t 4 both 5 both
Exercise 4 1 For many years, I used to take my little sister to school. 2 What did you use to do during the school holidays when you were a child? 3 My parents would often give me money for concert tickets. 4 I used to stick photos of my favourite musicians on my bedroom walls. 5 I didn’t used to go out very often when I was younger. 6 Every weekend we went to see my grandparents.
4 Students’ own answers
5 1 false 2 false 3 true
6 - ing (also called a gerund)
7 – 8 Students’ own answers
Use of English focus
Multiple-choice cloze (Part 1)
1 He makes money from offering meetings or lessons
with his fans.
2 A and B are wrong because you use these verbs to
describe the location of things rather than people. D is wrong because it would need to be who lives.
5 A giving B to give (forget + -ing = couldn’t remember something happening, forget + infinitive = didn’t remember to do something)
7 1 telling 2 to set up 3 to sell 4 to buy 5 sewing
6 to study 7 to get away 8 enrolling 9 to see 10 producing 11 to persuade 12 working 13 to make 14 to perform
Speaking focus
Collaborative task (Part 3)
agreeing and disagreeing
1 Students’ own answers
2 twin sister (Alana thinks you would tell a twin sister
everything) Federico is close to his brother grandparents (you learn a lot from them; they are patient and kind) father/son relationships (you can share hobbies) teacher (teachers can have a huge effect; a friend of Alana’s was encouraged to take up drama and become an actor)
3 – 5 Students’ own answers
Writing focus
Essay (Part 1)
using linkers for contrast
1 Students’ own ideas
2 1 C 2 B 3 F 4 A 5 E 6 D
4 Points 1 , 2 and 3 in the second paragraph 2.
Point 2 is also in the last paragraph.
5 This makes playing with other children outside the
family easier … … because they may be jealous of each other. … because you don’t have the same shared memories. … so it’s always possible to make friends with your sibling as adults.
6 1 Even though 2 However 3 On the other hand
4 Despite
7 Sample answer
We may all have strong ideas about whether it is better to have parents that are older or parents that are younger. However, there are advantages and disadvantages to both situations. If you have young parents, they will still be quite young when you are growing up, so you may have similar interests. They may remember more clearly what it is like to be a teenager or young adult.
6 1 Really 2 absolutely 3 A bit 4 Quite 5 Quite
7 Students’ own answers
Listening focus
Multiple choice (Part 4)
1 Students’ own answers
2 research, oldest children, most successful, middle
children, happier than their siblings, youngest child, least independent
3 1 evidence; leading happy, as well as successful, lives;
responsible and independent 2 B
4 1 B 2 C 3 B 4 B 5 C 6 C 7 A
5 1 have the best chance of leading happy, as well as
successful lives … 2 parents often encourage the oldest child to help their younger brothers and sisters … 3 I remember hating my younger brother and thinking that he was my parents’ favourite … 4 imaginative and artistic 5 where there are either two boys, or two girls, the birth order effect is stronger. 6 it’d be much easier for two third-born children … 7 Our relationships outside our family can have just as much influence …
6 Students’ own answers
Grammar focus
Verb patterns: -ing or infinitive
Grammar Reference
Exercise 3 1 to put up with 2 to buy 3 to do 4 to start 5 helping 6 to do 7 to help 8 being
1 Students’ own answers
2 A 4 B 1 , 3 , 5 C 2
3 1 D 2 E 3 B 4 C 5 A
4 1 both 2 -ing 3 the infinitive 4 the infinitive
5 Students’ own answers
6 1 A making B to make (stop + -ing = discontinue an
activity, stop + infinitive = in order to) 2 A phoning B to phone (try + -ing = do something as an experiment, try + infinitive = make an effort to do something difficult) 3 A to buy B buying (remember + -ing = refers back to the past, remember + infinitive = refers forward in time) 4 A to tell B telling (regret + -ing = refers to the past, something you are sorry about, regret + infinitive = used to give bad news)
8 – 9 1 policeman 2 university 3 risk(s)
4 satisfaction 5 (business) training 6 poverty 7 1,450 8 (new) hospital 9 community 10 (greater) freedom
10 Students’ own answers
Grammar focus
Using modifiers for comparison
Grammar Reference Exercise 1 1 isn’t any 2 by far 3 rather 4 slightly 5 a little
1 1 emptier, lonelier 2 proudest 3 far more content
4 nearly as difficult, as
2 All the sentences are similar in meaning.
3 1 quite as/so high as 2 one of the most 3 far/much
less 4 far/much higher than 5 a bit wealthier than 6 not (nearly) as/so easy
Speaking focus
Long turn (Part 2)
comparing
1 A
2 Students’ own answers
3 1 Both the photographs show an achievement.
2 The man also looks happy. 3 The man looks as if he’s enjoying himself, too.
4 Students’ own answers
speculating
5 1 like 2 like/as if/as though 3 like
4 like/as if/as though 5 like/as if/as though You can only use like in 1 and 3 because it is followed by a noun (or noun phrase).
contrasting
6 1 B 2 B 3 A
7 – 8 Students’ own answers
Reading focus
Multiple choice (Part 5)
1 – 2 Students’ own answers
3 1 I completely understand their desperate desire to be
part of it all. 2 … this inhibits their ability to form real relationships. However, there are also ordinary people – sensible parents, husbands, employees and employers
- whose interests are much more healthy and straightforward.
Older parents might not have as much energy as younger parents. This could mean it is more difficult for them to deal with sleepless nights and the physical effort it takes to look after young children. On the other hand, younger parents don’t have the same experience of life as older parents. Older parents have been through many good and bad times before their children are born. This means that they might be more able to deal with unexpected problems. While there are good and bad things about having older or younger parents, the most important thing is to enjoy being with them. After all, it isn’t possible to make your parents any younger or older.
Review
1 1 (have to) carry on 2 takes after 3 set up
4 put me off 5 make it 6 talk me into
2 1 hardly hard 2 closely close 3 absolutely very/
really 4 very absolutely 5 free freely 6 completely very/really 7 a bit absolutely 8 hardly hard
3 1 confident 2 independent 3 practical 4 sociable
5 creative 6 cautious
4 1 reliable 2 dramatic 3 adventurous 4 realistic
5 hopeless 6 sympathetic
5 1 having 2 to work 3 running 4 to lock
5 to invite 6 working 7 finish 8 not to
UNIT 3
Vocabulary and Listening focus
Vocabulary
money
2 Students’ own answers
3 Suggested answers:
1 He doesn’t spend his money wisely. 2 Be prepared to support something you believe in with action or money – not just words. 3 I don’t have enough money. 4 It’s not easy to make money. 5 She can afford to waste some money. 6 He has a lot of money. 7 My mum has a limited amount of money. 8 Money influences everything.
4 1 within 2 in 3 on 4 away 5 to 6 of
Sentence completion (Part 2)
5 – 6 A, B, D
7 A 4, 5, 6 10 B 3 C 7
4 requires theoretically impossibly quick reactions At this speed it is not likely that the human eye could track an object of this size and unimaginable that human reflexes could respond … 5 may have inspired the story of a legendary character It is possible that the myths about Hercules were based on individuals with this condition ... 6 may help give an insight into curing certain illnesses …could help scientists unlock the secrets of muscle growth and deterioration and lead to new treatments for debilitating diseases such as osteoporosis. 7 Was eventually discovered by chance Unaware of his ‘gift’ until he took part in a scientific study at the age of 30 … 8 is believed by the person to be a question of mind over body Hof believes it is the result of meditation practices … 9 could be acquired by whoever is prepared to believe in it …these practices are attainable by anyone who can convince themselves they can do it. 10 has completely confused scientists looking for an explanation Science is baffled by Isao Machii …
4 1 C 2 B 3 A 4 D 5 A 6 A 7 C 8 B 9 B 10 D
5 Students’ own answers
Vocabulary
compound words
6 Students’ own answers
7 1 D 2 E 3 C 4 B 5 A
8 breathtaking = incredible
side-effect = impact drawback = disadvantage far-fetched = unlikely everyday = ordinary
9 Students’ own answers
Grammar focus
Articles
definite, indefinite and zero articles
Grammar Reference Exercise 1 1 The 2 a 3 – 4 the 5 – 6 the 7 a 8 the 9 The 10 –
1 1 – 2 an 3 a, the, – 4 a, the 5 the, the
2 1 B, E 2 D 3 A, C
3 1 B 2 D 3 D, A, E 4 D, C 5 C, A
4 Students’ own answers
The reason Bertie has so much sentimental value to me is that he has been with me my entire life. I even have a picture of myself as a newborn baby with Bertie right next to me in my cot. One day, I hope to pass Bertie on to my children and see them enjoy a cuddle with my special bear.
8 Students’ own answers
Review
1 1 D 2 B 3 A 4 C 5 D 6 B
2 1 has lived/been living here for 2 haven’t seen Mike
since 3 time (that) I have been 4 have already had 5 far more expensive than 6 just as friendly as 7 one of the most expensive
3 1 worried 2 interesting 3 exciting 4 embarrassed
5 frightening 6 relieved
4 1 of 2 like 3 much/far 4 as 5 by 6 as 7 been
8 both/each
Progress Test 1
1 1 A 2 D 3 A 4 A 5 A 6 C 7 B 8 C
2 9 like 10 because/as/since 11 not 12 than
13 use/seem 14 is 15 have 16 One
3 17 enthusiastic 18 increasingly 19 determination
20 achievement 21 valuable 22 concentration 23 effective 24 worrying
4 25 sing (nearly) as well as 26 despite having/despite
his 27 hardly know my sister 28 have not/haven’t seen James for 29 remember locking 30 set up
UNIT 4
Reading focus
Multiple matching (Part 7)
2 extraordinary strength (and speed); ability to
withstand freezing temperatures; amazing endurance; astonishingly fast reflexes
3 1 may be shared by other people who don’t realise
they have it …there are people like him everywhere who have no idea that they have this ability. 2 is beneficial for the person’s mental and physical health? He gains improved immunity and better cognitive performance. 3 Could potentially affect a person’s mental development? Without adequate body fat, brain growth in childhood could be restricted
4 high winds … Shackleton also endured … 5 and just when we thought it couldn’t get any worse … 6 arriving at the place where Shackleton decided to turn back … 7 decision to turn back to save his men took great courage …
5 Students’ own answers
Vocabulary
idioms: the body
6 1 J 2 G 3 H 4 E 5 C 6 A 7 B 8 D 9 F 10 I
7 – 8 Students’ own answers
Grammar focus
Narrative forms
past simple, past continuous and past perfect
Grammar Reference Exercise 2 1 Did he see Annie at the concert? 2 She didn’t enjoy the long drive to work. 3 Brian wasn’t working at the hospital in 2015. 4 Was he expecting the children to help? 5 Had whole family gone on the expedition? 6 The volunteers hadn’t had the chance to meet the public. 7 Didn’t the car belong to his older brother? 8 Hadn’t they expected to meet you at the airport? 9 Weren’t the books being sold at reduced prices? 10 Hadn’t all the students been on a trip to Paris? Exercise 3 1 both are possible 2 had spent 3 both are possible 4 had all disappeared 5 first met
1 Students’ own answers
2 1 struck, happened, found 2 had been putting up,
had just stopped 3 was eating
3 1 past simple (-ed ending or irregular form)
2 past perfect (continuous) (had + past participle / had been + -ing form of the verb) 3 past continuous (was/were + -ing form of the verb)
4 Students’ own answers
5 1 had 2 was 3 thought 4 had already died
5 noticed 6 were running 7 realised 8 was lying 9 freed/had freed 10 started 11 saw 12 arrived 13 had been
past perfect simple and past perfect continuous
6 1 had finished (A)
2 had been hurting (B) 3 had never seen (A) 4 hadn’t heard (A)
5 1 – 2 – 3 – 4 – 5 the 6 the 7 the 8 a 9 a
10 the 11 a 12 a 13 the 14 – 15 –
6 – 9 Students’ own answers
Use of English focus
Word formation (Part 3)
1 Students’ own answers
2 1 adjective 2 noun 3 adjective 4 adjective
5 adjective 6 adjective 7 noun 8 noun
3 1 knowledge 2 visitors 3 dangerous
4 Inexperienced 5 sensible 6 Warning 7 sickness 8 assistance The word experienced is the one which needs a negative prefix (in-).
4 Students’ own answers
Vocabulary
negative prefixes with adjectives
5 1 un 2 in 3 dis 4 im 5 il 6 ir
6 1 disadvantage 2 illegal 3 unlikely 4 impatient
5 irregular 6 incapable
7 Students’ own answers
Listening focus
Multiple choice (Part 4)
1 1 B 2 A 3 C 4 A 5 B
2 1 What was unusual about Leo’s team?
descendants, Shackelton; personal link; attempted, South Pole 2 What does Leo say was the hardest thing for the team before the expedition? finance, mentally, physically fit 3 What does Leo say was easier for the 21st-century expedition than for Shackleton’s expedition? planning route, cooking, equipment 4 What problem did both expeditions experience? food, illness, weather 5 How did Leo feel when he was crossing the Antarctic plateau? hadn’t expected, so difficult; worried, reach, South Pole; skills, leader 6 The part of the trip Leo enjoyed the most was when they; South Pole; same point, Shackleton; home 7 What does Leo admire about Shackleton? determination, ambition, bravery
3 1 B 2 B 3 A 4 C 5 A 6 B 7 C
4 1 connection to members of Shackleton’s team.
2 mental challenge … struggled with the most … 3 Shackleton was travelling into the unknown with only a compass to guide him, while our team had a map and modern navigation equipment …
Grammar focus
Passive forms
Grammar Reference Exercise 3 1 was 2 were 3 be 4 have 5 be Exercise 4 1 It was reported that there were gunshots. 2 It was claimed that the money was stolen. 3 The suspect was thought to have left the country. 4 The police are said to have made a lot of mistakes. 5 It is believed that the criminal had a false passport.
1 The passive would be better in sentences 1 and 2
because we don’t know, or it’s not important to know who does the action. The active would be better in sentences 3, 4 and 5 as the person/people doing the action are important.
2 The celebration is held in honour of monkeys.
3 1 will be taking place
2 will be donated 3 have been invited 4 can be seen 5 are believed 6 was started
4 Students’ own answers
Passive reporting verbs
5 Sentences B and C. Sentence C uses an impersonal
third-person pronoun.
6 1 are expected to carry 2 are thought to be
3 is claimed by 4 has been estimated 5 are said to
7 Students’ own answers
Speaking focus
Long turn (Part 2)
comparing and giving a reaction
1 Students’ own answers
2 1 Although 2 whereas 3 While 4 Both
3 1 A 2 A 3 B 4 B 5 A 6 A
4 1 She mentions differences of price, food, service,
reasons why you might go there. 2 She imagines how the restaurants make the customers feel.
5 special, expensive, adventurous, interesting, self-
service, casual, basic, young, special, different, less formal, cheaper
Subject/Verb agreement
Grammar Reference
Exercise 2 1 are 2 are 3 is 4 are 5 are 6 is
11 1 like 2 is 3 needs 4 is 5 is 6 both possible
12 Students’ own answers
1 Most of my family (+ singular/plural verb) 2 Both of my parents (+ plural verb) 3 One of my friends (+ singular verb) 4 No-one in my house (+ singular verb)
Use of English focus
Open cloze (Part 2)
1 Students’ own answers
2 1 doesn’t like 2 isn’t
3 – 4 1 few 2 get/become/grow 3 why 4 any
5 If/Provided/Assuming 6 been 7 every 8 without
5 1 not many, hardly any, only a few, almost no-one
2 has very few, hardly any, no addictive qualities 3 a huge amount of, a great deal of, a lot of 4 many, a large number of
6 Students’ own answers
Listening focus
Sentence completion (Part 2)
1 Students’ own answers
2 B
3 Students’ own answers
4 1 fruit 2 sugar 3 stomach(s) 4 6 /six hours
5 meat 6 brain 7 meal 8 thieves 9 fire 10 energy
5 – 6 Students’ own answers
Reading focus
Multiple choice (Part 5)
1 Students’ own answers
2 Suggested answers: It’s a liquid food product. It
contains soya and algae. There is only one flavour.
3 1 D 2 D 3 B 4 C 5 A 6 B
4 – 5 Students’ own answers
6 1 having none of it 2 do away with 3 hit upon
4 reached the end of the line 5 be confined to 6 went viral
7 1 both 2 both 3 raised 4 raised 5 increase
8 Students’ own answers
UNIT 6
Speaking focus
1 Students’ own answers
2 1 highest 2 One different 3 large 4 big 5 use
3 Students’ own answers
Discussion (Part 4)
4 – 5 Students’ own answers
6 – 7 1 Roberto: Would you agree with that, Beata?
2 Beata: Basically, you’re saying you don’t really need any talent to succeed. 3 Roberto: Yes, I suppose you’re right.
8 – 9 Students’ own answers
Vocabulary
the arts
10 1 contemporary 2 gallery 3 abstract 4 cast
5 productions 6 blockbusters
11 Students’ own answers
Listening focus
Multiple choice: short extracts (Part 1)
1 play, dislike; A
2 1 no 2 yes, music is mentioned 3 no, only A
4 lighting: semi-darkness, see clearly music: specially composed, welcome addition, helps to create costumes: jeans and hoodies 5 But … I just wish I’d been able to …
3 (key words in brackets)
2 B (how, feel, arrangements) 3 C (what, kind, programme) 4 C (why, different) 5 C (why, retire) 6 A (exhibition, what, agree, special) 7 A (actress, what, doing) 8 C (who, man)
4 – 5 Students’ own answers
Grammar focus
Future forms
Grammar Reference Exercise 1 1 ends 2 will get 3 is going to apply 4 will be 5 will invite 6 Shall, tell 7 will find 8 are holding 9 sees Exercise 2 1 G 2 A 3 E 4 C 5 H 6 D 7 B 8 F
1 1 will 2 modal verb 3 going to 4 present
continuous 5 going to 6 present simple 7 will 8 will
2 1 E 2 G 3 D 4 B 5 F 6 C 7 I 8 A
Writing focus
Describing a personal experience
1 staff, writer’s expectations, experience, prices, food,
other diners
2 Students’ own answers
3 A 2 B 4 C 1, 3, 4 D 1, 4
4 food: best pizza restaurant in the city, six pizzas on
menu, quality of the ingredients that count not size of the menu, taste authentically Neapolitan, top quality, affordable staff: efficient, couldn’t have been friendlier or more helpful experience: hot, first-rate, better than a characterless pizza chain, great place, top-quality, affordable
5 A definitely, authentically, specially, quickly, extremely,
strongly B is said to be, had … specially designed, were given C There’s nothing I hate more than …, but for me .., the only downside, But on the whole ... , I’d strongly recommend …
Review (Part 2)
6 Sample answer
I have just discovered a great Italian restaurant called Fratelli’s in Manchester. It’s a small restaurant tucked away in a side street near the city centre. From the outside, it doesn’t look very special, but you won’t regret stepping inside. The atmosphere is quiet and relaxed. Although the restaurant is always full, the staff never seem rushed and they always have time to talk about the food and make recommendations. The food is all well cooked and full of flavour. There are delicious pizzas and pasta dishes and some wonderful meat and fish dishes. My personal favourite is the pasta, which is freshly made every day in the kitchens. The prices are a nice surprise too, as it isn’t too expensive. This is a great restaurant for anyone who wants a quiet meal with family or friends and wants to enjoy top- quality food at very reasonable prices.
Review
1 1 C 2 B 3 A 4 A 5 B 6 C 7 C 8 B
2 1 little 2 many 3 bit/piece/slice 4 hardly 5 lots/
plenty 6 few 7 deal 8 amount/quantity
3 1 are 2 contain 3 is 4 eats 5 has 6 is
7 eat 8 is
4 1 are taught 2 has been reviewed 3 be fried 4 is
said 5 was eaten 6 have been invited / were invited
4 25 will have given 26 have been taken over by
27 are hardly any cheap/inexpensive 28 is believed to be 29 was still doing his homework/still hadn’t finished his homework 30 always turning up
UNIT 7
Reading focus
1 1 ‘fly the nest’ = move out of the parents’ home in
order to live independently
2 Students’ own answers
Multiple matching (Part 7)
2 a) convenient
3 Paraphrases are shown in brackets.
1 family member, disapproves (sister, thinks lazy and spoiled) 2 people, pity, situation (general reaction, feel sorry for me) 3 parents, mixed feelings (Mum and Dad like, but they’re worried) 4 doesn’t expect, parents, do everything (make an effort not to take my parents for granted) 5 good solution, short period (fine, not a long-term commitment) 6 health, out of work (long-term unemployment, stressed) 7 young people, control, lives (our generation, not empowered, lead own life) 8 change, surroundings (paint, decorate, throw stuff out) 9 encouraged, independent life (explore world, stand on own feet) 10 lack of privacy, reluctant to entertain (put you off having people over)
4 1 C 2 A 3 D 4 B 5 A 6 D 7 B 8 C 9 B 10 A
5 See the information in brackets in Activity 3.
Vocabulary
phrasal verbs
6 1 on 2 out 3 off 4 out 5 out 6 off 7 up
7 A let off
B move out C throw out D get on E build up F put off G take out
8 – 9 Students’ own answers
2 linking words: However (to express contrast), therefore (to express a conclusion) 3 clauses of purpose: In order to (to show purpose), Since (to show reason)
4 your college, visit, self-study centre, local university,
successful, recommend
5 advantages: 2 , 4 , 6
disadvantages: 1 , 3 , 5 , 7 , 8
6 Sample answer
Introduction The aim of this report is to outline the advantages and potential problems of investing money in a self-study centre for our college. In order to do this, I have visited the self-study centre at Central English University. Advantages There are several advantages of the facility at Central English University. Firstly, it helps to attract potential students to the university. Secondly, many students have also found the space and worksheets that are provided very useful. Disadvantages The main disadvantage is the significant cost. Despite many people from the community using the centre facilities, which helps to fund it, it cost a significant amount to set up and there is also the cost of having a full-time assistant on duty, even if the centre is empty. In addition, writing materials for the centre is time- consuming for the teachers. Recommendations Although there would be some students who would benefit from a self-study centre, the significant costs of time and money would outweigh the advantages. I would therefore recommend looking at other options.
Review
1 1 destruction 2 excessive 3 evidence 4 fictional
5 reality 6 choice
2 1 through 2 round 3 over 4 down 5 away
6 into
3 1 be learning 2 have started 3 be showing
4 be using 5 be watching 6 have lost
4 1 B 2 A 3 B 4 B 5 C 6 A 7 C 8 A
Progress Test 2
1 1 A 2 B 3 A 4 B 5 C 6 B 7 C 8 A
2 9 their 10 enough 11 to 12 so 13 the 14 which
15 off 16 If
3 17 spicy 18 sight 19 colourful 20 adventurous
21 surprisingly 22 fascinating 23 daily/everyday 24 fortunate
8 I’d imagine the treehouse might not be such fun in bad weather.
5 Students’ own answers
Listening focus
Vocabulary
describing places
1 – 2 Students’ own answers
3 bustling, cosy, inspiring, magnificent, mysterious,
peaceful, polluted, remote, run-down
4 1 inspiring/magnificent
2 remote 3 peaceful 4 mysterious 5 inspiring
5 Students’ own answers
Multiple choice (Part 4)
6 1 popular, 1930s; escape, reality; film, household
name; place, few, visited 2 relate, novel; choices, relevant; adventure stories, out of fashion; family disagreements, interesting 3 people, Shangri-La, unusual; education; indifference, money; avoid looking older 4 interesting, author; Buddhist; one trip, Tibet; information, books, magazines 5 similarities, show; interest, Tibetan culture; believed, could exist; unable, original ideas 6 Zhongdian; originally, Shangri-La; setting, novel; new, income 7 reaction, modern-day Shangri-La; surprise, tourists; disappointment, different, book; dissatisfaction, scenery
7 1 A 2 A 3 B 4 C 5 A 6 C 7 B
8 1 people, film, place
2 pessimistic years; keen to forget their troubles; fantasy 3 remote and insular place (it doesn’t say people didn’t go); beautiful, film based on book (it doesn’t say the film made the book a household name)
9 Students’ own answers
Vocabulary
travel: collocations and phrasal verbs
10 1 seasonal 2 direct 3 round 4 package
5 long-distance 6 direct
11 Students’ own answers
12 1 E 2 C 3 D 4 H 5 A 6 B 7 G 8 F
13 Students’ own answers
Grammar focus
Modal verbs
possibility and certainty
Grammar Reference
Exercise 1 1 C 2 F 3 A 4 D 5 B 6 E
1 Students’ own answers
2 1 must 2 can’t 3 may 4 couldn’t 5 could
3 A must B can’t, couldn’t C might, may, could
4 a) infinitive without to b) have + past participle
ability
5 A couldn’t have found B was able to find C won’t
be able to see D can’t see E couldn’t speak 1 E 2 C 3 A 4 B 5 D
6 1 E 2 C 3 D 4 B 5 A
7 1 must (the speaker is certain because of the promise)
2 were able (expresses ability on a particular occasion in the past) 3 to be able (modals like can do not follow other verbs) 4 couldn’t have been playing (the speaker is expressing certainty that they weren’t) 5 couldn’t have been (speaker is certain that Sam wasn’t)
8 1 He must have given up work.
2 It can’t be Alfie, because he never takes any exercise. 3 She may be expecting a message. 4 She couldn’t have got here before us. 5 It could be hiding in the shed.
9 Students’ own answers
Speaking focus
Long turn (Part 2)
stating preferences and speculating
2 the treehouse
3 1 certain 2 could 3 seems 4 looks 5 appears
6 definitely 7 must 8 imagine
4 1 I’m not absolutely certain what the place on the
right is. 2 It could be an underwater hotel. 3 The other one seems to have been built in the trees. 4 The underwater hotel looks quite luxurious. 5 The treehouse appears to be more basic. 6 It would definitely be less expensive to stay at. 7 It must be an interesting experience to stay at both of them.
Grammar focus
1 Students’ own answers
2 1 C 2 A 3 B
Reporting verbs
Grammar Reference Exercise 1 1 He refused to go to school. 2 He asked us who was in charge. 3 He suggested that we go to a new restaurant. 4 She insisted on letting her pay for the tickets. 5 She didn’t blame me for getting lost. 6 She wondered who she could ask. 7 She recommended that I reserve a place. 8 She warned me that it wouldn’t be easy. 9 He reminded me that it was Carlotta’s birthday soon.
3 1 The presenter advised everyone to find out as much
as possible about their prospective employer 2 Mike’s boss accused him of forgetting to give her the message. 3 Mike denied taking any calls from the customer. 4 Mike offered to find out what had gone wrong. 5 Joe suggested that I apply/that I should apply/ applying for the job. 6 Jack persuaded her/Ella to help him with the report. 7 Ruby’s manager explained that she should/needed to fill in the form in black ink.
4 A advise, persuade B offer C advise, deny,
recommend D accuse E advise, deny, recommend
say , speak , talk , tell
5 1 speak/talk 2 says 3 tell 4 say 5 say
6 spoke/talked
6 Students’ own answers
7 Suggested answers
Tim reminded Sophie that it was her manager’s responsibility to manage staff. Elena advised Sophie not to tell her manager. Rory recommended having a coffee with her co- worker. Maia said that Sophie should ignore her co-worker’s behaviour because he could be dealing with personal problems. Rick advised Sophie that her manager might react badly when she found out what had been going on and that her manager may feel she’s unable to trust her. Anna recommended that Sophie explain to her co- worker that she felt uncomfortable and would be forced to report him to her manager if things did not change.
Finally, it can be more relaxing. You don’t have to worry about delays or long waits at the airport and there are no communication problems. Sometimes, when you come back from a holiday abroad, you feel you need another holiday. In my opinion, a holiday at home is a good idea. You may discover surprising things about your own country.
6 Students’ own answers
Review
1 1 must have been
2 may have had 3 could have been/could be 4 might have mistaken 5 must have been 6 can’t be/can’t have been
2 1 which 2 who 3 that/who 4 where 5 which
6 which 7 which 8 where
3 1 C 2 B 3 C 4 D 5 C 6 B
UNIT 8
Listening and vocabulary focus
Multiple matching (Part 3)
1 Students’ own answers
2 1 E 2 D 3 A 4 C 5 H
3 Speaker 1 : E (easier for people to contact us whenever
they need us, work out of office hours when required)
4 Speaker 2 : D (becoming more affordable)
Speaker 3 : A (recruit, train) Speaker 4 : C (not having a long commute into work) Speaker 5 : H (water is recycled, using solar and wind energy)
5 Students’ own answers
Vocabulary
collocations and phrasal verbs with work
6 1 job
2 job 3 occupation 4 profession 5 employment 6 career
7 1 D 2 C 3 B 4 A 5 F 6 E
8 Students’ own answers
Reported statements
Grammar Reference Exercise 2 a 4 b 4 c 1 d 7 e 6 f 3 g 1 h 2 i 8 j 5 k 6 l 1
Direct speech Reported statements past simple past perfect present perfect past simple present simple will would present continuous past continuous be going to was going to would, might would, might
Reported questions and imperatives
Grammar Reference Exercise 3 1 How do you feel about winning the prize? 2 I’ll expect to see you at the station. 3 I’m not planning to apply for the job today. 4 Have you got enough to drink? 5 Are we driving to work this morning? 6 We’ve been waiting here for an hour.
5 A How did you hear about this job?
B Have you had much experience of doing this? C Enjoy your weekend! D Don’t worry.
6 1 He asked her if/whether she got paid well.
2 He asked her to let him know if there were any more job vacancies. 3 He asked her who she was going to be working with the following week. 4 He asked her what she’d done the previous day/the day before. 5 He told her not to forget/reminded her to take some photos. 6 He said they would/promised to email her if they came over to Greece.
7 Students’ own answers
Use of English focus
Concrete and abstract nouns
1 concrete nouns: engineer, journalist, musician, visitor
abstract nouns: engineering, journalism, music, visit
2 2 advice – advisor 3 employment – employer/
employee 4 tourism – tourist 5 application – applicant 6 representation – representative 7 childhood – child 8 politics – politician
Reading focus
Multiple matching (Part 7)
2 Suggested answers
1 passion to see the world 2 more, challenge 3 less expensive 4 a while to adapt 5 finding, ideal job by accident 6 discovering unexpected things 7 regularly travelling long distances 8 sacrificing career opportunities 9 appreciating, long holidays 10 wild, uninhabited environment
3 (phrases from the text in brackets)
2 A (wasn’t really stretching me) 3 C (enjoy the same lifestyle for far less,) 4 D (help me settle in, four months on) 5 B (stumbled across an advert) 6 E (lots of surprises) 7 A (hundreds of miles) 8 D (was building a career) 9 B (take time off to go travelling for a couple of months) 10 E (only the basic requirements)
Vocabulary
linking words and expressions
4 1 as well as, also, too
2 so, that’s why, since, as, because 3 so that, to, in order to 4 while, although, still, despite, however, even though
5 1 However
2 Although 3 That’s why 4 so 5 as well as 6 In order to 7 Despite 8 too
6 – 7 Students’ own answers
Grammar focus
1 – 2 Hi Mum,
The interview for the job in Greece went well, I think. First the interviewer asked me how I’d heard about it. I told her I’d spotted the advert in a local newspaper on the internet and thought it was something I’d enjoy doing be good at. Then she said the job would involve looking after young teenagers very young children and asked me whether I’d had much experience of doing this. So I told her that I look after Nancy and Harry now and again every month and that I was taking them camping on a cycling holiday the next day. She said I might be unlucky, as she’d heard it was going to snow rain. Then she told me to enjoy the weekend and said she’d phone write soon. She told me not to worry if I didn’t hear anything for a few weeks days. Fingers crossed, L x
Word formation (Part 3)
5 B
6 1 connection 2 Competitive 3 perfection
4 stressful 5 uncomfortable 6 confidence 7 dangerous 8 dependence
7 Students’ own answers
Listening focus
Multiple choice (Part 4)
1 – 2 Students’ own answers
3 A good fortune (luck)
B hard work (effort, dedication, long hours of practice) C raw talent (natural ability)
4 (key phrases in brackets)
1 B (effort, dedication, and long hours of practice) 2 B (people are getting better all the time because they’re practising longer and harder) 3 C (the child is unlikely to continue to make progress at such a fast rate) 4 B (older brother … happy to fight out endless battles) 5 A (could play whenever they liked) 6 C (a combination of lucky events) 7 B (better at taking chances and finding ways to improve)
5 – 6 Students’ own answers
Grammar focus
Third conditional
Grammar Reference Exercise 4 1 a) No b) No 2 a) No b) Yes 3 a) No b) No 4 a) Yes b) Yes
1 Students’ own answers
2 1 past
2 can come either first or second 3 the past perfect
3 1 hadn’t crashed 2 wouldn’t/may/might not have
injured 3 hadn’t had to 4 wouldn’t have had 5 hadn’t felt 6 might not have been 7 wouldn’t have succeeded 8 hadn’t supported
4 2 wouldn’t/might not/may not have hit your head on
the windscreen if you’d been wearing a seatbelt 3 ’d left earlier, you wouldn’t/might not/may not have got held up in the traffic. 4 you’d checked the weather forecast, you wouldn’t/ might/may not have got stuck
Grammar focus
Conditional forms
Grammar Reference
Exercise 1 1 B 2 E 3 F 4 C 5 D 6 A
Exercise 2 1 will learn only 2 both possible 3 you’re flying only 4 both possible 5 you’re feeling only 6 both possible
Exercise 3 1 If I had the right qualifications 2 I would/might go to university 3 if we were living in the country 4 If I were you 5 if we didn’t have to employ so many staff
1 Students’ own answers
2 a) When you ask … they choose
b) If you ask … they’ll probably say … ; if you’re speaking … they’ll probably choose … may say c) If you were playing … you might … ; (even) if you chose; if you won, you would doubtless say …
3 a) zero conditional: if + present (simple/continuous/
perfect) + present (simple/continuous/perfect) b) first conditional: if + present + will/going to/modal c) second conditional: if + past (simple/continuous) + would/might/could/should
4 1 may, might, could, can, going to, present perfect and
the imperative form 2 might, could and should
5 1 took, would you return
2 found, would you do 3 were driving, rang/was ringing, would you answer 4 was wearing/wore, didn’t suit, would you tell 5 Would you pay for, could 6 saw, would you say
6 – 8 Students’ own answers
Use of English focus
Vocabulary
word building
1 Students’ own answers
2 1 adjective 2 noun 3 noun 4 noun 5 noun
6 adjective
3 1 competitive 2 competition 3 perfectionists
4 perfection 5 athletics 6 athletic
4 1 competitive 2 competition 3 perfectionists
4 perfection 5 athletics 6 athletic
5 Sample answer
In today’s world, the professional and personal lives of sports heroes are scrutinised carefully and widely reported in the media. Some people claim that what sportspeople do in their own time is their own business. However, it is apparent that many young people are both influenced and inspired by the behaviour of famous sportspeople. Therefore, if, for example, a footballer commits a crime off the pitch, this will be noticed and does not set a good example to the young people who admire and look up to their hero. In addition, a team sport such as football should demonstrate how people can respect their colleagues and work together effectively on the pitch. If good sportsmanship is demonstrated, it encourages other people to act in a similar way. Many sportspeople are paid extremely well for what they do. In my opinion, this is another reason why they have a duty to show young people how to behave well. In my view, therefore, sports heroes have a responsibility to lead the way in being a positive role model for others to follow in both their personal and professional lives.
Review
1 1 B 2 C 3 A 4 A 5 D 6 C 7 B 8 A
2 1 take would take
2 would book book 3 will practise practised 4 didn’t have wouldn’t have 5 can become could have become 6 wouldn’t have offered hadn’t offered 7 didn’t become wouldn’t have become 8 could afford could have afforded
3 1 performance 2 possibility 3 determination
4 failure 5 superstitious 6 perfectionists 7 Confidence 8 unhappiness
Progress Test 3
1 1 B 2 A 3 D 4 D 5 B 6 A 7 B 8 C
2 9 have 10 even 11 Unless 12 of 13 be 14 for
15 other 16 something
3 17 useless 18 successfully 19 training 20 choice
21 employment 22 managers/management 23 unpleasant 24 complaints
4 25 put them up 26 must have forgotten
27 such a lot of 28 no point (in) entering 29 had paid 30 warned us not to swim/warned us against swimming
5 wouldn’t have lost all your work if you’d saved the document 6 you’d been paying attention, you’d have heard
5 – 6 Students’ own answers
Speaking focus
1 Students’ own answers
2 ambition, fitness, personality, determination, talent,
confidence
3 confidence: sure of your ability
talent: ability fitness: good health
Compensation strategies
4 1 C 2 B 3 A
I’m sorry, did you say …? Well, it’s difficult to say, of course, but … I mean … What I’m trying to say is … … or rather … Right, …
Vocabulary focus
Collocations
adjectives and nouns: success and failure
1 1 do 2 large 3 deeply 4 with 5 entire
2 Students’ own answers
verbs and nouns
3 1 give up, miss, waste 2 achieve, give up
3 lose, miss, win 4 beat 5 achieve, beat, miss, reach
4 1 miss/give up/waste 2 reached 3 win
4 wasted/missed 5 achieve 6 losing 7 beaten 8 gives up
5 1 have 2 be 3 come across 4 overcome 5 set
6 fulfil 7 cope 8 accomplish
6 – 7 Students’ own answers
Writing focus
Essay (Part 1)
structuring a paragraph
1 A true B false
2 C, B, A
3 Students’ own answers
4 Paragraph 3: 1
Paragraph 4: 3
