FCE Linkers
Unless is used instead of if...not in conditional sentences.
menos que – a no ser que
You can’t come in unless you’ve
got a ticket.
As long as – provided/providing (that) – on condition
that are used instead of only if in conditional sentences.
siempre y cuando – siempre que
You can borrow the bike on the
condition that you return it by
6 o’clock.
In case is used to express that we are doing something in
preparation for something which might happen.
por si
Take your mac in case it rains.
In case of is followed by a noun means ‘if and when
something happens’.
en caso de
In case of fire, dial 999.
In spite of - despite are followed by a noun phrase or
pronoun (that/this/what, etc.) or a verb in the ‘ing’ form.
a pesar de
Despite her success, she is so
modest.
In spite of being successful, she
is so modest.
Although – even though – though are followed by a clause.
Though is often used at the end of a sentence.
aunque
Although he has only been
playing for a year, he is now
number 3 in the world.
However- nevertheless are always followed by a comma.
sin embargo
What you said was true.
However, it was unkind.
Whereas - while introduce a contrast between two ideas.
mientras que
The first car is made in Koreo
while the second one is
manufactured in Japan.
For example – for instance – such as can be used within a
sentence.
Such as is not followed by a comma.
For example - for instance can begin a new sentence.
por ejemplo
Colourful vegetables, for
instance, bell peppers, contain
vitamin C.
Also occupies different positions in a sentence. It is placed
after auxiliary verbs and before other verbs.
As well - too usually go at the end of a clause.
tambien
My brother not only goes to
school; he works part time for
a company too.
Moreover - furthermore - in addition add extra
information to the point you are making and are followed by a
comma,
además
I studied journalism in college.
In addition, I had a part-time job
at a newspaper.
As well as means not only ….but also. It is followed by a noun
or noun phrase or a verb in the ‘ing’ form.
además de
Running is healthy as well as
making you feel good.
Due to - owing to - on account of mean because of. They
are followed by nouns or noun phrases.
debido a
Owing to the heavy rain, we
had to give up the idea of a
boat trip.
Due to owing to/on account of the fact that are followed
by a clause.
debido al hecho de que
I couldn’t study owing to the
fact that I had an headache.
Choose the correct option:
Exercise 1
1. _______ I phone you, you can assume the train’s on time. (in case, unless)
2. The organisers of the event have made arrangements for indoor as well as outdoor
activities ___________ rain. (in case of, unless)
[Type text]
