



































Prepara tus exámenes y mejora tus resultados gracias a la gran cantidad de recursos disponibles en Docsity
Gana puntos ayudando a otros estudiantes o consíguelos activando un Plan Premium
Prepara tus exámenes
Prepara tus exámenes y mejora tus resultados gracias a la gran cantidad de recursos disponibles en Docsity
Prepara tus exámenes con los documentos que comparten otros estudiantes como tú en Docsity
Encuentra los documentos específicos para los exámenes de tu universidad
Estudia con lecciones y exámenes resueltos basados en los programas académicos de las mejores universidades
Responde a preguntas de exámenes reales y pon a prueba tu preparación
Consigue puntos base para descargar
Gana puntos ayudando a otros estudiantes o consíguelos activando un Plan Premium
Comunidad
Pide ayuda a la comunidad y resuelve tus dudas de estudio
Ebooks gratuitos
Descarga nuestras guías gratuitas sobre técnicas de estudio, métodos para controlar la ansiedad y consejos para la tesis preparadas por los tutores de Docsity
Este documento contiene notas de clase sobre criptografía y seguridad informática, incluyendo conceptos básicos de criptografía simétrica y asimétrica, ataques de criptoanálisis y protocolos de seguridad. También aborda temas como la firma digital, el intercambio de claves y la autenticación de mensajes.
Tipo: Apuntes
1 / 43
Esta página no es visible en la vista previa
¡No te pierdas las partes importantes!




































'(3$57$0(172'(75$160,6,21 &LUFXLWRV(OpFWULFRV,
9LUJLQLD6RODUWH0XxR] 9LFWRU0DQXHO4XLQWHUR)ORUH]
(Q ORV ~OWLPRV DxRV ORV FDPSRV GH OD ,QJHQLHUtD KDQ UHSUHVHQWDGR XQ
LPSRUWDQWH SDSHO HQ OD IRUPD GH YLGD GH ODV SHUVRQDV /D FUHDFLyQ GH JUDQ
+R\ HQ GtD VH SXHGH KDEODU GH PXFKRV VLVWHPDV TXH GHILQHQ R UHSUHVHQWDQ XQD
VRFLHGDG WHFQROyJLFD PRGHUQD FRPR SRU HMHPSOR ORV VLVWHPDV WHOHIyQLFRV ORV
HQODFHV GH FRPXQLFDFLyQ YtD VDWpOLWH ORV HTXLSRV PpGLFRV XWLOL]DGRV SDUD
GLDJQyVWLFR\FLUXJtDORVURERWV\ODVKHUUDPLHQWDVHOpFWULFDV
/D,QJHQLHUtDHVXQiUHDDWUDFWLYD GHHVWXGLRGHELGRDODQHFHVLGDGGHPHMRUDU\
UHILQDU FRQWLQXDPHQWH GLFKRV VLVWHPDV DVt FRPR HO GHVHR GH GHVFXEULU \
3DUD SRGHU HQWHQGHU HQ TXH OXJDU VH DSOLFDQ ORV FLUFXLWRV HOpFWULFRV HV QHFHVDULR
FRQRFHUXQSRFRVREUHOD,QJHQLHUtD(OpFWULFD
/D ,QJHQLHUtD (OpFWULFD VH RFXSD GHO HVWXGLR GH ORV VLVWHPDV TXH VRQ FDSDFHV GH
SURGXFLUWUDQVPLWLU\PHGLUVHxDOHVGHWLSRHOpFWULFR6HGLVWLQJXHSRUTXHFHQWUD
VXV HVIXHU]RV HQ OD FUHDFLyQ GH VLVWHPDV WDQJLEOHV D SDUWLU GH PRGHORV TXH
GHVFULEHQ IHQyPHQRV QDWXUDOHV LQWHUSUHWDGRV SRU ORV ItVLFRV \ VRSRUWDGRV SRU
HOHPHQWRV PDWHPiWLFRV TXH VDWLVIDFHQ XQD GHWHUPLQDGD QHFHVLGDG SDUWLHQGR GH
/RVVLVWHPDVHOpFWULFRVSXHGHQFODVLILFDUVHHQORVVLJXLHQWHVJUXSRV
6LVWHPDV GH &RPXQLFDFLyQ ORV FXDOHV JHQHUDQ WUDQVPLWHQ UHFLEHQ \
GLVWULEX\HQLQIRUPDFLyQ&RPRHMHPSORVHWLHQHQORVHTXLSRVGHWHOHYLVLyQORV
UDGLRWHOHVFRSLRV ORV VLVWHPDV GH VDWpOLWHV ORV VLVWHPDVGH UDGDU ORV VLVWHPDV
WHOHIyQLFRVORVVLVWHPDVGHUDGLRHWF
6LVWHPDV GH &RPSXWDFLyQ ORV FXDOHV XWLOL]DQ ODV VHxDOHV HOpFWULFDV SDUD
SURFHVDU LQIRUPDFLyQ (MHPSORV 'HVGH OD FDOFXODGRUD PiV VHQFLOOD KDVWD HO
FRPSXWDGRUPiVVRILVWLFDGR
IXQFLRQDPLHQWRGHGLYHUVRVVLVWHPDVEDViQGRVHHQODVPDJQLWXGHVGHVHxDOHV
HOpFWULFDV TXH UHSUHVHQWDQ IHQyPHQRV FRPR WHPSHUDWXUD SUHVLyQ QLYHO \
FDXGDOGHXQUtRPRWRUHVHWF$OJXQRVHMHPSORVVRQHOFRQWUROGHODVOXFHVGH
GH OD DSHUWXUD \ FLHUUH GH ODV HVFOXVDV HQ HO FDQDO GH SDQDPi HO DWHUUL]DMH
DXWRPiWLFR GH ORV DYLRQHV HWF /RV 6LVWHPDV GH 3URFHVDPLHQWR GH 6HxDOHV
VLVWHPDVXWLOL]DGRVSDUDSURSyVLWRVHVSHFLDOHV8QHMHPSORGHHVWRVVLVWHPDVHV
HO VLVWHPD GH EDUULGR WRPRJUiILFR DVLVWLGR SRU FRPSXWDGRU &$7 XWLOL]DGR SDUD
GLDJQyVWLFRGHHQIHUPHGDGHV
6LVWHPDVGH3RWHQFLDTXHJHQHUDQ\GLVWULEX\HQHQHUJtDHOpFWULFD
([LVWH JUDQ LQWHUDFFLyQ HQWUH ODV GLIHUHQWHV GLVFLSOLQDV QRPEUDGDV DQWHULRUPHQWH
TXHLQWHUYLHQHQHQHOGLVHxR\RSHUDFLyQGHHVWDVFODVHVGHVLVWHPDV/D,QJHQLHUtD
(OHFWUyQLFD LQYROXFUD HO HVWXGLR GH VLVWHPDV TXH PDQHMDQ QLYHOHV GH SRWHQFLD
/RV FLUFXLWRV HOpFWULFRV VRQ XQ DVSHFWR FRP~Q SDUD WRGDV ODV UDPDV GH OD
,QJHQLHUtD VH DSOLFDQHQLQJHQLHUtDHOpFWULFDHOHFWUyQLFD\PHFiQLFDHQWUHRWUDV
pOWHQtDHQODPDQR
+DFLDPHGLDGRVGHOVLJOR;9,,,VHHVWDEOHFLyODGLVWLQFLyQHQWUHPDWHULDOHVDLVODQWHV
\ FRQGXFWRUHV /RV DLVODQWHV HUDQ DTXHOORV D ORV TXH *LOEHUW KDEtD FRQVLGHUDGR
HOpFWULFRV HQ WDQWR TXH ORV FRQGXFWRUHV HUDQ ORV DQHOpFWULFRV (VWR SHUPLWLy
SODFDVFRQGXFWRUDVTXHWHQtDQXQDOiPLQDDLVODQWHHQWUHHOODV)XHFRQRFLGRFRPR
ERWHOODGH/H\GHQSRUODFLXGDGHQTXHVHLQYHQWy
$SULQFLSLRVGHOVLJOR;,;HOFRQGH$OHVVDQGUR9ROWDFRQVWUX\yXQDSLODJDOYiQLFD
&RORFyFDSDVGH]LQFSDSHO\FREUH\GHVFXEULyTXHVLVHXQtDODEDVHGH]LQFFRQ
OD~OWLPDFDSDGHFREUHHOUHVXOWDGRHUDXQDFRUULHQWHHOpFWULFDTXHIOXtDSRUHOKLOR
GH XQLyQ (VWH VHQFLOOR DSDUDWR IXH HO SURWRWLSR GH ODV SLODV HOpFWULFDV GH ORV
DFXPXODGRUHV \ GH WRGD FRUULHQWH HOpFWULFD SURGXFLGD KDVWD OD DSDULFLyQ GHO
GtQDPR
0LHQWUDVWDQWR*HRUJ6LPRQ2KPVHQWyODVEDVHVGHOHVWXGLRGHODFLUFXODFLyQGH
ODVFDUJDVHOpFWULFDVHQHOLQWHULRUGHPDWHULDVFRQGXFWRUDV
(Q+DQV2HUVWHGGHVFXEULyTXHXQDDJXMDPDJQpWLFDFROJDGDGHXQKLORVH
DSDUWDED GH VX SRVLFLyQ LQLFLDO FXDQGR SDVDED SUy[LPD D HOOD XQD FRUULHQWH
HOpFWULFD\SRVWXOyTXHODVFRUULHQWHVHOpFWULFDVSURGXFtDQXQHIHFWRPDJQpWLFR'H
HVWDVLPSOHREVHUYDFLyQVDOLyODWHFQRORJtDGHOWHOpJUDIRHOpFWULFR6REUHHVWDEDVH
$QGUp$PSpUHGHGXMRTXHODVFRUULHQWHVHOpFWULFDVGHEtDQFRPSRUWDUVHGHOPLVPR
(VWROOHYyD0LFKDHO)DUDGD\DVXSRQHUTXHXQDFRUULHQWHTXHFLUFXODUDFHUFDGHXQ
FLUFXLWRLQGXFLUtDRWUDFRUULHQWHHQpO(OUHVXOWDGRGHVXH[SHULPHQWRIXHTXHHVWR
VyOR VXFHGtD DO FRPHQ]DU \ FHVDU GH IOXLU OD FRUULHQWH HQ HO SULPHU FLUFXLWR
6XVWLWX\yODFRUULHQWHSRUXQLPiQ\HQFRQWUyTXHVXPRYLPLHQWRHQODSUR[LPLGDG
GHO FLUFXLWR LQGXFtD HQ pVWH XQD FRUULHQWH 'H HVWH PRGR SXGR FRPSUREDU TXH HO
WUDEDMR PHFiQLFR HPSOHDGR HQ PRYHU XQ LPiQ SRGtD WUDQVIRUPDUVH HQ FRUULHQWH
HOpFWULFD
/RV H[SHULPHQWRV GH )DUDGD\ IXHURQ H[SUHVDGRV PDWHPiWLFDPHQWH SRU -DPHV
0D[ZHOOTXLHQ HQSUHVHQWyVXVHFXDFLRQHVTXHXQLILFDEDQODGHVFULSFLyQGH
ORV FRPSRUWDPLHQWRV HOpFWULFRV \ PDJQpWLFRV \ VX GHVSOD]DPLHQWR D WUDYpV GHO
(Q7KRPDV$OYD(GLVRQFRPHQ]yORVH[SHULPHQWRVTXHWHUPLQDUtDQXQDxR
PiVWDUGHFRQODLQYHQFLyQGHODOiPSDUDHOpFWULFDTXHXQLYHUVDOL]DUtDHOXVRGHOD
'HVGH TXH HQ HQWUy HQ IXQFLRQDPLHQWR HQ /RQGUHV OD SULPHUD FHQWUDO
HOpFWULFDGHVWLQDGDDLOXPLQDUODFLXGDGODVDSOLFDFLRQHVGHHVWDIRUPDGHHQHUJtD
GH HQHUJtD LQGLVSHQVDEOH SUHVHQWDQGR ODV YHQWDMDV GH VX OLPSLH]D VX IiFLO
WUDQVSRUWH\FRQYHUVLyQHQRWURVWLSRVGHHQHUJtD
XQDFRUULHQWHHVXQJHQHUDGRUGHFDPSRVHOpFWULFRV\PDJQpWLFRV(VWRVFDPSRV
VRQSHUSHQGLFXODUHVHQWUHVt\SHUSHQGLFXODUHVDODGLUHFFLyQHQTXHYLDMDODRQGD
HOHFWURPDJQpWLFD 'HVGH RWUR SXQWR GH YLVWD FLHQWtILFR ORV FDPSRV
HOHFWURPDJQpWLFRV H[SOLFDQ FLHUWDV IXHU]DV QDWXUDOHV +DVWD KDFH PX\ SRFR OD
JHQWH VyOR SRGtD HQWHQGHU IXHU]DV SURGXFLGDV SRU FRQWDFWR ItVLFR GLUHFWR 8QD
FXFKDUDHQODWLHUUDSRGUtDPRYHUVHVLDOJXLHQODPRYtDGLUHFWDPHQWHFRQVXPDQR
HVWiQHQPRYLPLHQWR&DUJDVHOpFWULFDVHQPRYLPLHQWRDEDUFDODOODPDGDFRUULHQWH
HOpFWULFD
6H SXHGH REVHUYDU TXH PDJQHWLVPR \ HOHFWULFLGDG HVWiQ tQWLPDPHQWH DVRFLDGRV
FRQORVFDPSRV\TXHHVWRVVHHQFXHQWUDQLQWHUUHODFLRQDGDVHQWUHVt8QDIXHU]D
HOpFWULFDRPDJQpWLFDVHGHELOLWDFRQHOLQFUHPHQWRGHODGLVWDQFLDDVXIXHQWH8Q
LPiQWLHQHGRVSRORVQRUWH\VXU8QDEDWHUtDWLHQHGRVWHUPLQDOHVXQRSRVLWLYR\
RWURQHJDWLYR8QJHQHUDGRU'&WDPELpQWLHQHGRVWHUPLQDOHVXQRSRVLWLYR\RWUR
OD IUHFXHQFLD /RV FXHUSRV TXH VH HQFXHQWUDQ FDUJDGRV HOpFWULFDPHQWH WDO FRPR
XQDSHLQHWD SXHGHQVHUGHXQDVRODSRODULGDG SRVLWLYRRQHJDWLYR SHURHOLPiQ
VL VRQ GH OD PLVPD SRODULGDG HOORV VH UHSHOHQ 8Q FDPSR HOpFWULFR WLHQH XQD
SRODULGDGGHILQLGDSXHGHDWUDHUXQDSDUWtFXODFDUJDGDHOpFWULFDPHQWHGHSRODULGDG
RSXHVWD OOHYiQGROD KDFLD OD IXHQWH HO FDPSR UHSHOH SDUWtFXODV VL HVWDV VRQ GH OD
PLVPD SRODULGDG TXH HO FDPSR HOpFWULFR /RV FDPSRV PDJQpWLFRV SXHGHQ HMHUFHU
IXHU]DVRPRYLPLHQWRGHFDUJDVHOpFWULFDVODVFXDOHVVRQOOHYDGDVSRUXQFDPLQR
TXHHVSDUDOHORDODVOtQHDVGHIXHU]DPDJQpWLFD
8Q HQUROODPLHQWR GH DODPEUH ERELQD DFW~D FRPR XQ HOHFWURLPiQ FXDQGR FLUFXOD
XQD FRUULHQWH HOpFWULFD SRU HO DODPEUH /D PDJQLWXG GHO FDPSR HOHFWURPDJQpWLFR
ERELQD6LODFRUULHQWHGLUHFWDIOX\HHQODERELQDODSRODULGDGGHOFDPSRPDJQpWLFR
HVILMD6LODFRUULHQWHDOWHUQDIOX\HHQODERELQDODSRODULGDGGHOFDPSRPDJQpWLFR
HV FRQPXWDGD FRQ HO SDVR GH OD FRUULHQWH HM (O WLPEUH (O FDPSR PDJQpWLFR
GHVDSDUHFH VL ODFRUULHQWH$&R'&GHVDSDUHFH $Vt PLVPRFXDQGRVHJHQHUDXQ
FDPSR PDJQpWLFR DOWHUQDQWH HVWH HV FDSD] GH LQGXFLU FRUULHQWH HQ RWURV
HQUROODPLHQWRV R ERELQDV FHUFDQDV HV DVt FRPR WUDEDMD XQ JHQHUDGRU HOpFWULFR
7tSLFDPHQWHXQDPDTXLQDGLHVHOXQDPDTXLQDGHYDSRUXQDPDTXLQDGHDJXDR
GH YLHQWR SURGXFH OD URWDFLyQ GH XQ LPiQ FHUFD D XQ JUDQ HQUROODPLHQWR GH
DODPEUH (O FDPSR PDJQpWLFR URWDQWH LQGXFH XQD FRUULHQWH HOpFWULFD TXH IOX\H D
WUDYpV GHO HQUROODPLHQWR GH DODPEUH \ DVt VH JHQHUD OD HQHUJtD HOpFWULFD /RV
PRWRUHV HOpFWULFRV VRQ HVHQFLDOPHQWH JHQHUDGRUHV HOpFWULFRV RSHUDQGR HQ IRUPD
FRQWUDULD (OORV XWLOL]DQ IXHU]DV PDJQpWLFDV DWUDFWLYDV \ UHSXOVLYDV JHQHUDGDV SRU
HOHFWURLPDQHVTXHFRQYLHUWHQHOHFWULFLGDGHQSRWHQFLDPHFiQLFD
3DUD GLVWULEXLU HFRQyPLFDPHQWH OD HOHFWULFLGDG VREUH JUDQGHV GLVWDQFLDV VH KDFH
XVR GH DOWRV YROWDMHV (QWUH OD SODQWD GH HQHUJtD \ XQD FDVD XQD VHULH GH
/RQJLWXG 0DVD 7LHPSR &RUULHQWH (OpFWULFD 7HPSHUDWXUD
7HUPRGLQiPLFD ,QWHQVLGDG /XPLQRVD (Q OD 7DEOD VH SUHVHQWDQ HVWDV
FDQWLGDGHVMXQWRFRQODXQLGDGEiVLFD\ORVVtPERORVFRUUHVSRQGLHQWHV
3DUDIDFLOLWDUODVRSHUDFLRQHV PDWHPiWLFDVFRQQ~PHURVH[WUHPDGDPHQWHJUDQGHV
R SHTXHxRV VH GHEHQ UHFRUGDU ODV SURSLHGDGHV GH QRWDFLyQ FLHQWtILFD PDWHPiWLFD
FHQWtPHWURV [
FHQWtPHWURV PHWURV P
$ FRQWLQXDFLyQ VH LQGLFDQ ODV SURSLHGDGHV PDWHPiWLFDV SDUD ODV RSHUDFLRQHV FRQ
Q
P
QP
'LYLVLyQ
Q
P
QP
Q P
QP
/DVPDVDVGHOSURWyQ\HOQHXWUyQVRQDSUR[LPDGDPHQWHLJXDOHV\DVXYH]XQDV
YHFHV PD\RU TXH OD GHO HOHFWUyQ SRU OR WDQWR OD PDVD GH XQ iWRPR HVWi
/RV iWRPRV GH GLYHUVRV HOHPHQWRV GLILHUHQ HQWUH Vt SRU HO WDPDxR GHO Q~FOHR
DWyPLFR\SRUHOQ~PHURGHHOHFWURQHVTXHJLUDQDOUHGHGRUGHOQ~FOHR
0RGHORV$WyPLFRV
/DVEDVHVHQTXHVHDSR\y7KRPSVRQSDUDHODERUDUVXPRGHORIXHURQ
x /DPDWHULDVHSUHVHQWDQRUPDOPHQWHQHXWUDORTXHVXSRQHTXHMXQWRDORV
HOHFWURQHV ORV iWRPRV KDQ GH FRQWHQHU HOHPHQWRV R SDUWtFXODV FDUJDGDV
x /RV HOHFWURQHV SXHGHQ VHU H[WUDtGRV GH ORV iWRPRV GH FXDOTXLHU VXVWDQFLD
5XWKHUIRUG LQWURGXFH HO PRGHOR QXFOHDU GHO iWRPR FRQ ODV VLJXLHQWHV
FDUDFWHUtVWLFDV
x ([LVWHXQQ~FOHRFDUJDGRSRVLWLYDPHQWHHQHOTXHVHHQFXHQWUDFRQFHQWUDGD
x /RV HOHFWURQHV JLUDQ DOUHGHGRU GHO Q~FOHR HQ Q~PHUR LJXDO D OD FDUJD
x /DFDUJDSRVLWLYDGHOQ~FOHRFRLQFLGHFRQHOQ~PHURDWyPLFR
x /RViWRPRVHQVXPD\RUSDUWHVRQHVSDFLRYDFtR
0RGHOR&XiQWLFRGH%RKU
%RKUVHEDVyHQORVVLJXLHQWHVSRVWXODGRV
x /RVHOHFWURQHVHQHOiWRPRHVWiQORFDOL]DGRVHQyUELWDVR QLYHOHVGHHQHUJtD
DOUHGHGRU GHO Q~FOHR %RKU HVWDEOHFLy OD FRPSDUDFLyQ HQWUH HO iWRPR \ HO
x /RV iWRPRV FRQWLHQHQ XQ Q~PHUR LJXDO GH SURWRQHV \ HOHFWURQHV HV GHFLU
TXHODPDWHULDHVHOpFWULFDPHQWHQHXWUDRTXHHVWiGHVFDUJDGD
x 6XSXVR TXH OD HQHUJtD GH ORV HOHFWURQHV WLHQH YDORUHV GHILQLGRV TXH
FRUUHVSRQGHQ DORVQLYHOHVGHHQHUJtDHOYDORUHQHUJpWLFRGHHVWRVQLYHOHV
QLYHOTXHHVHOPiVFHUFDQRDOQ~FOHRSXHGHFRQWHQHUVRORGRVHOHFWURQHV
VLXQiWRPRGHEHWHQHUWUHVHOHFWURQHVHQWRQFHVHOWHUFHURGHEHUiSDVDUDO
VLJXLHQWH QLYHO (O VHJXQGR QLYHO SXHGH FRQWHQHU XQ Pi[LPR GH
PHGLR GH OD IyUPXOD Q GRQGH Q HV HO Q~PHUR GHO QLYHO $ FDGD QLYHO R
FDSD VH OH DVLJQD XQ Q~PHUR OODPDGR 1~PHUR &XiQWLFR 3ULQFLSDO \ VH
QLYHOPiVFHUFDQRDOQ~FOHRKDFLDDIXHUD7DPELpQVHXVDQODVOHWUDVNOP
(QWUHSDUWtFXODVHOpFWULFDPHQWHFDUJDGDVVHSXHGHQSUHVHQWDUIXHU]DVTXHSXHGHQ
VHUDWUDFWLYDVRUHSXOVLYDV$VtORVSURWRQHVHMHUFHQIXHU]DVGHUHSXOVLyQVREUHORV
SURWRQHVORVHOHFWURQHVHMHUFHQIXHU]DVGHUHSXOVLyQVREUHORVHOHFWURQHVPLHQWUDV
8QiWRPRQRUPDOFRQWLHQHLJXDOQ~PHURGHSURWRQHV\HOHFWURQHVHVGHFLUTXHQR
SUHVHQWD FDUJD GH H[FHVR &XDQGR XQ HOHFWUyQ VDOH GH VX yUELWD HQ HO iWRPR
FRPLHQ]DDSURYRFDUIHQyPHQRVHQHOPDWHULDOSRUGRQGHGHDPEXODRFRUUH(VWH
IHQyPHQRVHOODPDHOHFWULFLGDGQRPEUHTXHVHGHULYDGHVXDJHQWHSURGXFWRU
SRVLWLYDV \ QHJDWLYDV 8QR GH HOORV HV HO IHQyPHQR GH OD HOHFWUL]DFLyQ SRU
IURWDPLHQWR R FRQWDFWR SDUD OR FXDO VH UHTXLHUH XQ FRQWDFWR PtQLPR HQWUH ODV
6H SXHGH FRQFOXLU TXH ORV HOHFWURQHV GHO ~OWLPR QLYHO GH HQHUJtD R HOHFWURQHV GH
YDOHQFLDWLHQHQOLEHUWDGSOHQDSDUDPRYHUVHGHXQiWRPRDRWUR(VWDFDUDFWHUtVWLFD
GH ORV HOHFWURQHV GH YDOHQFLD HV OD UHVSRQVDEOH GHO SURFHVR GH FRQGXFFLyQ GH OD
HOHFWULFLGDG 'HVGH HO SXQWR GH YLVWD HOpFWULFR ORV VyOLGRV VH FODVLILFDQ GH OD
x $LVODGRUHVR1R&RQGXFWRUHVQRSHUPLWHQHOSDVRGHFDUJDVDWUDYpVGHHOORV
&RPRSRUHMHPSORHODOJRGyQHOFDXFKRHWF
x 6HPLFRQGXFWRUHV7LHQHQH[DFWDPHQWHFXDWUR HOHFWURQHVHQVX~OWLPRQLYHO
GH HQHUJtD \ DHVWHJUXSRSHUWHQHFHQ ORVHOHPHQWRVGHO *UXSR,9 (MHPSORV
x &RQGXFWRUHV SHUPLWHQ HO SDVR GH FDUJDV D WUDYpV GH HOORV (MHPSORV 2UR
&KDUOHV$JXVWtQ&RXORPE UHDOL]yODSULPHUDLQYHVWLJDFLyQFXDQWLWDWLYD
GHODOH\TXHULJHODVIXHU]DVTXHVHHMHUFHQHQWUHORVFXHUSRVFDUJDGRV(ODQiOLVLV
OR UHDOL]y PHGLDQWH HO XVR GH XQD EDODQ]D GH WRUVLyQ GHPRVWUDQGR TXH OD IXHU]D
GH DWUDFFLyQ R UHSXOVLyQ HQWUH GRV FXHUSRV HV LQYHUVDPHQWH SURSRUFLRQDO DO
3RVWHULRUPHQWH VH GHPRVWUy TXH D XQD VHSDUDFLyQ GDGD OD IXHU]D HQWUH GRV
) 1HZWRQV HVODIXHU]DHQWUHODVGRVSDUWtFXODV
&RXORPEV (VODFDUJDQHWDGHODSDUWtFXOD$
&RXORPEV (VODFDUJDQHWDGHODSDUWtFXOD%
G PHWURV HVODGLVWDQFLDHQWUHODVSDUWtFXODV
/DGLUHFFLyQGHODIXHU]DHVVREUHODOtQHDTXHXQHXQDSDUWtFXODDODRWUD
/RDQWHULRUPHQWHGLFKRVHGHQRPLQD/H\GH&RXORPE\VHSXHGHHQXQFLDUDVt
H
GH$&XDOHVODIXHU]DQHWD\HOiQJXORVREUH$" 6
(QODWHRUtDGHFLUFXLWRVODVHSDUDFLyQGHFDUJDVFUHDXQDIXHU]DHOpFWULFD OODPDGD
YROWDMH \HOPRYLPLHQWRGHFDUJDVFUHDXQIOXLGRHOpFWULFR OODPDGRFRUULHQWH
$FRQWLQXDFLyQVHDQDOL]DQHVWRVGRVFRQFHSWRV
LPDJLQDULRJHQHUDQGRDVtXQFRUWHWUDQVYHUVDOFRPRVHLQGLFDHQODILJXUDDVt
HOHFWURQHV TXH REWLHQHQ VXILFLHQWH HQHUJtD GHO PHGLR SDUD DEDQGRQDU HO iWRPR
RULJLQDGRSRUHQHUJtDWpUPLFDTXHREWLHQHQORVHOHFWURQHVGHOPHGLRDPELHQWH
H
$ODPEUH
3ODQR,PDJLQDULR
(QHOHYHQWRGHTXH XQiWRPR SLHUGDXQHOHFWUyQOLEUH HVWHDGTXLHUHFDUJDQHWD
SRVLWLYD \ VH GHQRPLQD LRQ SRVLWLYR HQWRQFHV HO HOHFWUyQ OLEUH VH GHVSOD]D HQWUH
HVRVLRQHVSRVLWLYRV\GHMDOD]RQDGHOiWRPRRULJLQDOPLHQWUDVORVLRQHVSRVLWLYRV
RVFLODQ HQ XQD SRVLFLyQ ILMD VLHQGR HO HOHFWUyQ OLEUHHOSRUWDGRUGHODFDUJDHQHO
PHWDOVLWXDFLyQPRVWUDGDHQODILJXUD'HQWURGHHVWHFRQMXQWRORVHOHFWURQHV
OLEUHV JDQDQ R SLHUGHQ HQHUJtD HQ YLUWXG GH ODV FDPELRV GH GLUHFFLyQ \ YHORFLGDG
DWUDFFLyQ KDFLD LRQHV SRVLWLYRV \ IXHU]DV GH UHSXOVLyQ HQWUH HOHFWURQHV (VWH
PRYLPLHQWR HV WDO TXH GXUDQWH FLHUWR SHUtRGR HO Q~PHUR GH HOHFWURQHV TXH VH
QR VH DSOLTXHQ IXHU]DV H[WHUQDV HO IOXMR QHWR GH FDUJD HQ FXDOTXLHU GLUHFFLyQ HV
H
H
,H
,FRQYHQFLRQDO
,RQHV
SRVLWLYRV
3ODQR