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MATLAB Commands and Functions
Dr. Brian Vick
Mechanical Engineering Department
Virginia Tech
General Purpose Commands
Operators and Special Characters / 3
Commands for Managing a Session / 3
Special Variables and Constants / 4
System and File Commands / 4
Input/Output and Formatting Commands
Input/Output Commands / 5
Format Codes for fprintf and fscanf / 5
Numeric Display Formats / 5
Vector, Matrix and Array Commands
Array Commands / 6
Special Matrices / 6
Matrix Arithmetic / 6
Matrix Commands for Solving Linear Equations / 6
Cell Array Functions / 7
Structure Functions / 7
Plotting Commands
Basic xy Plotting Commands / 8
Plot Enhancement Commands / 8
Specialized Plot Commands / 8
Colors, Symbols and Line Types / 9
Three-Dimensional Plotting Commands / 9
Histogram Functions / 9
Programming
- Logical and Relational Operators /
- Program Flow Control /
- Logical Functions /
- M-Files /
- Timing /
- Exponential and Logarithmic Functions / Mathematical Functions
- Trigonometric Functions /
- Hyperbolic Functions /
- Complex Functions /
- Statistical Functions /
- Random Number Functions /
- Numeric Functions /
- String Functions /
- Polynomial and Regression Functions / Numerical Methods
- Interpolation Functions /
- Numerical Integration Functions /
- Numerical Differentiation Functions /
- ODE Solvers /
- Predefined Input Functions /
- Functions for Creating and Evaluating Symbolic Expressions / Symbolic Math Toolbox
- Functions for Manipulating Symbolic Expressions /
- Symbolic Calculus Functions /
- Symbolic Solution of Algebraic and Transcendental Equations /
- Symbolic Solution of Differential Equations /
- Laplace Transform Functions /
- Symbolic Linear Algebra Functions /
Special Variables and Constants
ans (^) Most recent answer. eps (^) Accuracy of floating-point precision. i,j (^) The imaginary unit - 1. Inf (^) Infinity. NaN (^) Undefined numerical result (not a number). pi (^) The number p.
System and File Commands
cd (^) Changes current directory. date (^) Displays current date. delete (^) Deletes a file. diary (^) Switches on/off diary file recording. dir (^) Lists all files in current directory. load (^) Loads workspace variables from a file. path (^) Displays search path. pwd (^) Displays current directory. save (^) Saves workspace variables in a file. type (^) Displays contents of a file. what (^) Lists all MATLAB files in the current directory. wklread (^) Reads .wk1 spreadsheet file.
Input/Output and Formatting Commands
Input/Output Commands
disp (^) Displays contents of an array or string. fscanf (^) Read formatted data from a file. format (^) Controls screen-display format. fprintf (^) Performs formatted writes to screen or file. input (^) Displays prompts and waits for input. ; (^) Suppresses screen printing.
Format Codes for fprintf and fscanf
%s (^) Format as a string. %d (^) Format as an integer. %f (^) Format as a floating point value. %e (^) Format as a floating point value in scientific notation. %g (^) Format in the most compact form: %f or %e. \n (^) Insert a new line in the output string. \t (^) Insert a tab in the output string.
Numeric Display Formats
format short (^) Four decimal digits (default). format long (^) 16 decimal digits. format short e (^) Five digits plus exponent. format long e (^) 16 digits plus exponents. format bank (^) Two decimal digits. format + (^) Positive, negative, or zero. format rat (^) Rational approximation. format compact (^) Suppresses some line feeds. format loose (^) Resets to less compact display mode.
Cell Array Functions
cell (^) Creates cell array. celldisp (^) Displays cell array. cellplot (^) Displays graphical representation of cell array. num2cell (^) Converts numeric array to cell array. deal (^) Matches input and output lists. iscell (^) Identifies cell array.
Structure Functions
fieldnames (^) Returns field names in a structure array. getfield (^) Returns field contents of a structure array. isfield (^) Identifies a structure array field. isstruct (^) Identifies a structure array. rmfield (^) Removes a field from a structure array. setfield (^) Sets contents of field. struct (^) Creates structure array.
Plotting Commands
Basic xy Plotting Commands
axis (^) Sets axis limits. fplot (^) Intelligent plotting of functions. grid (^) Displays gridlines. plot (^) Generates xy plot. print (^) Prints plot or saves plot to a file title (^) Puts text at top of plot. xlabel (^) Adds text label to x-axis. ylabel (^) Adds text label to y-axis.
Plot Enhancement Commands
axes (^) Creates axes objects. close (^) Closes the current plot. close all (^) Closes all plots. figure (^) Opens a new figure window. gtext (^) Enables label placement by mouse. hold (^) Freezes current plot. legend (^) Legend placement by mouse. refresh (^) Redraws current figure window. set (^) Specifies properties of objects such as axes. subplot (^) Creates plots in subwindows. text (^) Places string in figure.
Specialized Plot Commands
bar (^) Creates bar chart. loglog (^) Creates log-log plot. polar (^) Creates polar plot. semilogx (^) Creates semilog plot (logarithmic abscissa). semilogy (^) Creates semilog plot (logarithmic ordinate). stairs (^) Creates stairs pot. stem (^) Creates stem plot.
Programming
Logical and Relational Operators
== (^) Relational operator: equal to. ~= (^) Relational operator: not equal to. < (^) Relational operator: less than. <= (^) Relational operator: less than or equal to.
(^) Relational operator: greater than. = (^) Relational operator: greater than or equal to. & (^) Logical operator: AND. | (^) Logical operator: OR. ~ (^) Logical operator: NOT. xor (^) Logical operator: EXCLUSIVE OR.
Program Flow Control
break (^) Terminates execution of a loop. case (^) Provides alternate execution paths within switch structure. else (^) Delineates alternate block of statements. elseif (^) Conditionally executes statements. end (^) Terminates for, while, and if statements. error (^) Display error messages. for (^) Repeats statements a specific number of times if (^) Executes statements conditionally. otherwise (^) Default part of switch statement. return (^) Return to the invoking function. switch (^) Directs program execution by comparing point with case expressions. warning (^) Display a warning message. while (^) Repeats statements an indefinite number of times.
Logical Functions
any (^) True if any elements are nonzero. all (^) True if all elements are nonzero. find (^) Finds indices of nonzero elements. finite (^) True if elements are finite. isnan (^) True if elements are undefined. isinf (^) True if elements are infinite. isempty (^) True if matrix is empty. isreal (^) True if all elements are real.
M-Files
eval (^) Interpret strings containing Matlab expressions. feval (^) Function evaluation. function (^) Creates a user-defined function M-file. global (^) Define global variables. nargin (^) Number of function input arguments. nargout (^) Number of function output arguments. script (^) Script M-files
Timing
cputime (^) CPU time in seconds. clock (^) Current date and time as date vector. tic, toc (^) Start, stop a stopwatch timer.
Complex Functions
abs(x) (^) Absolute value; |x|. angle(x) (^) Angle of a complex number x. conj(x) (^) Complex conjugate of x. imag(x) (^) Imaginary part of a complex number x. real(x) (^) Real part of a complex number x.
Statistical Functions
erf(x) (^) Computes the error function erf (x). mean (^) Calculates the average. median (^) Calculates the median. std (^) Calculates the standard deviation.
Random Number Functions
rand (^) Generates uniformly distributed random numbers between 0 and 1. randn (^) Generates normally distributed random numbers.
Numeric Functions
ceil (^) Rounds to the nearest integer toward •. fix (^) Rounds to the nearest integer toward zero. floor (^) Rounds to the nearest integer toward - •. round (^) Rounds towards the nearest integer. sign (^) Signum function.
String Functions
findstr (^) Finds occurrences of a string. strcmp (^) Compares strings. char (^) Creates character string array
Numerical Methods
Polynomial and Regression Functions
conv (^) Computes product of two polynomials deconv (^) Computes ratio of polynomials. eig (^) Computes the eigenvalues of a matrix. poly (^) Computes polynomial from roots. polyfit (^) Fits a polynomial to data. polyval (^) Evaluates polynomial and generates error estimates. roots (^) Computes polynomial roots.
Interpolation Functions
interp1 (^) Linear and cubic-spline interpolations of a function of one variable. interp2 (^) Linear interpolation of a function of two variables. spline (^) Cubic-spline interpolation. unmkpp (^) Computes the coefficients of cubic-spine polynomials.
Root Finding and Minimization
fmin (^) Finds minimum of single-variable function. fmins (^) Finds minimum of multivariable function. fzero (^) Finds zero of single-variable function.
Numerical Integration Functions
quad (^) Numerical integration with adaptive Simpson’s rule. quadl (^) Numerical integration with adaptive Lobatto quadrature. trapz (^) Numerical integration with the trapezoidal rule.
Numerical Differentiation Functions
diff(x) (^) Computes the difference between adjacent elements in the vector x. polyder (^) Differentiates a polynomial, a polynomial product, or a polynomial quotient.
Symbolic Math Toolbox
Functions for Creating and Evaluating Symbolic Expressions
class (^) Returns the class of an expression. digits (^) Sets the number of decimal digits used to do variable precision arithmetic. double (^) Converts an expression to numeric form. ezplot (^) Generates a plot of a symbolic expression. findsym (^) Finds the symbolic variables in a symbolic expression. numden (^) Returns the numerator and denominator of an expression. sym (^) Creates a symbolic variable. syms (^) Creates one or more symbolic variables. vpa (^) Sets the number of digits used to evaluate expressions.
Functions for Manipulating Symbolic Expressions
collect (^) Collects coefficients of like powers in an expression. expand (^) Expands an expression by carrying out jpowers. factor (^) Factors an expression. poly2sym (^) Converts a polynomial coefficient vector to a symbolic polynomial. pretty (^) Displays an expression in a form that resembles typeset mathematics. simple (^) Searches for the shortest form of an expression. simplify (^) Simplifies an expression using Maple’s simplification rules. subs (^) Substitutes variables or expressions. sym2poly (^) Converts an expression to a polynomial coefficient vector.
Symbolic Calculus Functions
diff (^) Returns the derivative of an expression. Dirac (^) Dirac delta function (unit impulse). Heaviside (^) Heaviside function (unit step). int (^) Returns the integral of an expression. limit (^) Returns the limit of an expression. symsum (^) Returns the symbolic summation of an expression. taylor (^) Returns the Taylor series of a function.
Symbolic Solution of Algebraic and Transcendental Equations
solve (^) Solves symbolic equations.
Symbolic Solution of Differential Equations
dsolve (^) Returns a symbolic solution of a differential equation or set of equations.
Laplace Transform Functions
ilaplace (^) Returns the inverse Laplace transform. laplace (^) Returns the Laplace transform.
Symbolic Linear Algebra Functions
det (^) Returns the determinant of a matrix. eig (^) Returns the eigenvalues (characteristic roots) of a matrix. inv (^) Returns the inverse of a matrix. poly (^) Returns the characteristic polynomial of a matrix.
