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The muscles of the foot, or specifically the intrinsic muscles of the foot, consist of several muscle layers that lie between the back and sole of the foot. These are characterized because they begin and end within this body segment, which differentiates it from the extrinsic muscles, which are located in the leg, but generate foot movements because they are inserted into the latter. The main function of the foot muscles is to maintain the arches and stability of the foot during walking. There are a total of 19 muscles in the foot, which are divided into muscles of the sole of the foot and the muscles of the back of the foot. The dorsal group consists of only two muscles: the extensor corta of the fingers and the extensor corta of the big toe. However, the plantar muscles include the remaining 17 which separate into four layers numbered 1 to 4 from superficial to deep. Some coaches divide the plantar muscles into vertical groups rather than horizontal layers. In this way they are divided into central, medial and lateral plantar muscles. DORSAL MUSCLES OF THE FOOT Short finger extensor, short big toe extensor PLANTAR MUSCLES ORGANIZED BY LAYERS First layer : big toe abductor, short finger flexor , fifth finger abductor Second layer : plantar square, lumbricales Third layer : short flexor of the big toe, adductor of the big toe, short flexor of the fifth finger, opponent of the fifth finger Fourth layer : plantar and dorsal interosseous PLANTAR MUSCLES ORGANIZED INTO VERTICAL GROUPS Lateral group: fifth finger abductor , fifth short flexor finger, opponent of the fifth finger Central group: short flexor of fingers, plantar square, four lumbrical, three plantar interosseous , four dorsal interosseous Medial group: big toe abductor, big toe adductor, big toe flexor short
Top view
DORSAL MUSCLES OF THE
FOOT
ORIGIN : Superolateral aspect of the calcaneus bone, ligament Talocalcaneus interosseus, inferior retinaculum of extensor muscles INSERTION : Tendons of the 2nd To 4th finger of the extensor Longus muscle of the fingers FUNCTION: Finger extension INNERVATION : Deep fibular nerve (L5, S1) IRRIGATION : Fibular artery, tibial anterior artery, dorsal artery of the foot ORIGIN : Superolateral Face of the Calcaneal Bone INSERTION : Proximal PhalexX of the Big Toe FUNCTION : Extension of the first finger INNERVATION : Deep fibular nerve (S1, S2) IRRIGATION : Dorsal artery of the foot
SHORT FINGER EXTENDER
SHORT EXTENSOR OF THE FIRST FINGER
ORIGIN : Calcaneal tuberosity, retinaculum of the flexor muscles of the foot, plant aponeurosis INSERTION : Base of the proximal PhalexX of the first finger FUNCTION : Abduction and flex. Support of the longitudinal arch of the foot INNERVATION : Medial plant nerve (S1-S3) IRRIGATION : Plantar medial arteries and first plantar metatarsal artery ORIGIN : Calcaneal tuberosity, plant aponeurosis, intermuscular septum INSERTION : Middle Phalanges of fingers 2- 5 FUNCTION : Flexion of the fingers. Supports the longitudinal arch of the foot INNERVATION : Medial nerve (S1-S3) IRRIGATION : Medial and lateral plant arteries, palmar arch, plant metatarsal and digital plant arteries
FIRST LAYER
ABDUCTOR OF THE FIRST FINGER
SHORT FLEXOR OF THE FINGERS
ORIGIN : Tendons of the flexor Longus muscle of the fingers INSERTION : Medial portion of the bases of the proximal phalanges and Extender Expansions from the 2nd To The 5th finger FUNCTION : Art. Metatarsophalangeal of the 2-5 finger: flexion and abduction. Art. Interphalangeal 2-5 finger: Extension INNERVATION : 1st lumbrical: Plantar medial nerve (S2- S3); 2nd-4th lumbrical: Plantar lateral nerve (S1-S3) IRRIGATION: Lateral plantar artery, plant metatarsal arteries, dorsal metatarsal arteries , dorsal digital arteries ORIGIN : Posterior tibial muscle tendon, medial and lateral cuneiform Bone Cuboid Bone INSERTION : Lateral and medial Faces of the base of the proximal PhalexX of the first finger FUNCTION : Flexing. Supports the longitudinal arch of the foot INNERVATION : Medial plant nerve (S1-S3) IRRIGATION : First metatarsal artery (Plantar Arch); superficial branch of medial plantar artery)
LUMBRICALES
THIRD LAYER
SHORT FLEXOR OF THE FIRST FINGER
INSERTION : Base of the proximal PhalexX of the Fifth finger FUNCTION : Flexion INNERVATION : Lateral palmar nerve (S1-S3) IRRIGATION : Arch arterylateral tarsal arterylateral plant artery
ABDUCTOR OF THE FIRST FINGER
FLEXOR SHORT Of the FIFTH FINGER Of the FOOT ORIGIN : Base of the Fifth metatarsal IRRIGATION : Medial and lateral plant arteries, plantar arch, plant metatarsal arteries INNERVATION : Lateral plant nerve (S1-S3) FUNCTION : Adduction and flexion INSERTION : Lateral aspect of the base of the proximal PhalexX of the first finger ORIGIN : Oblique head: Bases of the 2-4 metatarsal, Cuboid Bone, lateral cuneiform and tendon of the fibular muscle Long
IRRIGATION : Arch artery, dorsal and plant metatarsal arteries INNERVATION : Lateral plant nerve (S3-S3) FUNCTION : Metatarsophalangeal joints from the 2nd To the 4th finger: flexion and abduction Interphalangeal joints from the 2nd To the 4th finger: Extension INSERTION : 1st dorsal Interosseous: medial Portion of the base of the proximal phalanx of the second finger 2nd - 4th Interosseous Dorsal: lateral portions of the bases of the proximal Phalanges and Extender Expansions of the 2nd ORIGIN : Opposite sides of the five metatarsals
DORSAL INTEROSSEOUS
