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Opinión essey de inglés, Apuntes de Inglés

Plantilla para hacer un opinión essey para selectividad

Tipo: Apuntes

2020/2021

Subido el 19/03/2023

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2 documentos

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Proves d’accés a la universitat
Llengua estrangera
Anglès
Sèrie 2 - A
Ubicació del tribunal ..................................................................................
Número del tribunal ....................................................................................
Etiqueta de l’alumne/a
Etiqueta de qualificació Etiqueta del corrector/a
Qualificació TR
Comprensió oral
Comprensió escrita
Redacció
Suma de notes parcials
Qualificació final
2021
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Proves d’accés a la universitat

Llengua estrangera

Anglès

Sèrie 2 - A

Ubicació del tribunal ..................................................................................

Número del tribunal ....................................................................................

Etiqueta de l’alumne/a

Etiqueta de qualificació Etiqueta del corrector/a

Qualificació TR

Comprensió oral

Comprensió escrita

Redacció

Suma de notes parcials

Qualificació final

2

Part 1: Listening comprehension

GOALBALL, A UNIQUE SPORT

In this radio programme you are going to hear some new words. Read and listen to them. Make sure you know what they mean.

goalball: golbol low vision: baixa visió / baja visión eyeshade: antifaç / antifaz

Ready? Now read the questions on the following page. Read them carefully before listening to the radio programme.

[Now listen to the interview.]

4

Part 2: Reading comprehension

THE WOMAN WHO SAVED MILLIONS OF LIVES WITHOUT KNOWING

One young black woman made one of the greatest contributions of all time to modern medicine, even

though she never knew the important role she has played.

Henrietta Lacks was diagnosed with cervical cancer in 1951 at the age of 31, shortly after giving

birth to her fifth child. At the time, segregation was widespread in the US, so she turned to Johns

Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore, Maryland, as it was one of the few which provided medical care to

black people.

The ward where she ended up was down the hall from George Gey, a researcher who had been

trying to grow human cells in his lab for decades. During the treatment to remove her tumour, her

doctor sent a small sample of tissue without her knowing to Gey. Up to this point, attempts to grow

human cells outside the body had failed. But something about Lacks’s cells was about to change that.

In most people a natural process called senescence puts a limit on the lifespan of cells. Senescence

is linked to aging: as cells divide and multiply over time, the accuracy of each accompanying

replication of DNA decreases. The protective caps on the end of each strand of DNA, which are

called telomeres, shorten. Eventually the DNA strands become unprotected and mutations associated

with cancers and other age-related diseases arise.

Typically human cells are able to divide around 50 times before they reach senescence. But

Lacks’s cells were different. In the laboratory, her cells were able to divide and replicate indefinitely.

They were, in essence, immortal. It made them perfect for medical research as a culture of identical

cells could be grown quickly. Gey shared them widely with other scientists, and they became a

workhorse of biological research.

Her cell line, which came to be known as “HeLa” in honour of Lacks, is the first and most

commonly used immortalised cell line in medicine. Today, work done with HeLa cells underpins

much of modern medicine. Millions of people owe their lives to the tissue taken from her—the cell

line it generated was used to create the first polio vaccine, cancer medicines and in vitro fertilisation.

Her cells even made it into space before any living human. One of the most recent applications has

been in research for vaccines against COVID-19.

But the story of Henrietta Lacks also illustrates the racial inequities that are embedded in

American medical research and health-care systems. Lacks was a black woman. Doctors and scientists

revealed Lacks’s name publicly, gave her medical records to the media and even published her cells’

genome online, repeatedly failing to ask her family for consent. None of the biotechnology or other

companies that profited from her cells passed any money back to her family, either.

Now, the extraordinary events of 2020—the #BlackLivesMatter movement for racial justice, and

the unequal death toll of COVID-19 on communities of colour—are forcing scientists to reconsider

past injustices. Some have called for a reduction, or even an end, in the use of HeLa cells in research.

The argument is that, because the cells were obtained without Lacks’s knowledge or consent (even

though this was legal at the time), any use of them is unethical and perpetuates an injustice.

But that is not what many Lacks family members want. Henrietta Lacks has dozens of

descendants, several of whom are calling for people to celebrate her life and legacy in her centennial

year, #HELA100. To her grandson Alfred Lacks Carter, the most important thing about HeLa cells is

how they have advanced cancer research—an adequate tribute, given that Lacks died of the disease

at the young age of 31. “The cells were taken in a bad way but they are doing good for the world,” he

says. And they do so for people of all ethnicities.

Text adapted from an article on BBC.com (November 20, 2020)

ward: sala d’hospital / sala de hospital tissue: teixit / tejido strand: cadena culture: cultiu / cultivo underpins: forma la base de death toll: nombre de víctimes / número de víctimas

Espai per al corrector/a No Correcta Incorrecta contestada

Correctes Incorrectes No contestades Recompte de les respostes

Nota de comprensió escrita 5

QUESTIONS

Choose the best answer according to the text. Only ONE answer is correct.

[3 points: 0.375 points for each correct answer. Wrong answers will be penalized by deducting 0.125 points. There is no

penalty for unanswered questions.]

1. Which one of the following sentences about Henrietta Lacks is NOT true? She is responsible for a great advance in medicine. She died while giving birth to her fifth son. She never knew of her contribution to medicine. She was segregated for being black. 2. When Henrietta Lacks was in hospital, George Gey operated to remove her tumour. received some of her tissue. informed her of his experiments. was growing human cells in his lab. 3. Because of senescence, cells continue dividing and multiplying. the DNA replicates perfectly throughout one’s lifetime. cancers are avoided. cells eventually die. 4. Lacks’s cells “became a workhorse of biological research.” This means that they were used over and over again. they divided endlessly. they could be shared easily. they were preserved in a lab. 5. The HeLa cell line has been the basis for medical research for years. was immortalised in a laboratory. is only used in studies on the health of black people. cannot be used in present-day research anymore. 6. According to the text, neither Henrietta nor her family were ever asked permission to conduct experiments with her cells. the companies that used her cells in their products have paid her family compensation. Lacks’s medical records have been very useful to scientists and doctors, and that’s why they were published. Black people at that time had their lives exposed by doctors and the health-care system. 7. The #BlackLivesMatter movement has made researchers consider stopping the use of HeLa cells completely. has increased the number of COVID-19 deaths among black people. considers the research done with HeLa cells illegal. expects scientists to continue the experiments with HeLa cells. 8. Some of Henrietta’s descendants want to pay tribute to all the people who have died of cancer. do not mind what was done wrong, because the result was worth it. are organising a party to celebrate the anniversary of her death. are encouraging people of all races to contribute to cancer research.

7

L’Institut d’Estudis Catalans ha tingut cura de la correcció lingüística i de l’edició d’aquesta prova d’accés

Etiqueta de l’alumne/a

2

Part 1: Listening comprehension

THE MYSTERY OF JIM THOMPSON

In the following conversation you are going to hear some new words. Read and listen to them. Make sure you know what they mean.

silk: seda guild: gremi / gremio spinner: filador / hilandero fabrics: roba, tela / ropa, tela legacy: llegat / legado teakwood: teca (tipus de fusta / tipo de madera)

Ready? Now read the questions on the following page. Read them carefully before listening to the conversation.

[Now listen to the interview.]

Espai per al corrector/a No Correcta Incorrecta contestada

Correctes Incorrectes No contestades Recompte de les respostes

Nota de comprensió oral 3

QUESTIONS

Choose the best answer according to the recording. Only ONE answer is correct.

[3 points: 0.375 points for each correct answer. Wrong answers will be penalized by deducting 0.125 points. There is no

penalty for unanswered questions.]

1. Which of these facts is NOT true about Jim Thompson? He worked as an architect in New York. He arrived in Bangkok in the middle of the World War. His father was a rich textile businessman. He had four siblings. 2. The Thais did not use silk because there were not many silk manufacturers in Thailand. silk from Europe was better than Thai silk. Thai silk spinners had all been sent to Europe. they used other types of cloth that were cheaper. 3. Which of these statements is TRUE according to the text? Thais defended Asian art, and specially Asian architecture. Thompson did not like parties but attended international events. Thais liked Western things more than traditional Thai things. Thompson felt more Thai than American after some time in Thailand. 4. How did Thompson disappear? He was murdered by Asian spies while he was on holiday. He was on holiday in Malaysia and did not return after leaving for a stroll. His plane was lost at sea while flying to Malaysia. He was kidnapped in Malaysia by his driver and guide. 5. What contributed to the mystery of his disappearance? The Malaysian police did not want to investigate his disappearance. His sister was murdered not long after he went missing. The CIA admitted that Thompson was an agent and had been sent somewhere else. Truman Capote wrote a best-selling crime novel about his life. 6. Which of these things does Thompson’s firm NOT have? Restaurants. Silk industries. Architecture studios. Wine bars. 7. What can you visit in Thompson’s mansion? Thompson’s collection of Thai art. The houses that Thompson designed when he was an architect. Documents from Thompson’s career as a spy. One of the best collections of Western art objects. 8. What is special about Thai buildings? The buildings are never isolated but always built in groups of six. They have a special room to display a family’s possessions. The houses are held together without nails. They are built partially underground.

Espai per al corrector/a No Correcta Incorrecta contestada

Correctes Incorrectes No contestades Recompte de les respostes

Nota de comprensió escrita 5

QUESTIONS

Choose the best answer according to the text. Only ONE answer is correct.

[3 points: 0.375 points for each correct answer. Wrong answers will be penalized by deducting 0.125 points. There is no

penalty for unanswered questions.]

1. Which of the following statements is NOT true? A plastic straw was removed from the sea turtle. The images seen on YouTube are tough to watch. The biologists extracted the straw right away. A plastic straw made the turtle bleed. 2. The harm that plastic causes on marine birds results in a constant feeling of hunger. has resulted in fewer anchovies in the sea. is minor in 90 % of cases. prevents them from migrating. 3. We can deduce from Matthew Savoca’s research that anchovies cannot smell algae. anchovies feed on algae. seagulls migrate to avoid eating plastics. seagulls feed on anchovies. 4. Plastic is a threat to animals because it is poisonous. most of it does not remain on the sea surface. it can be thrown away easily. it does not last very long. 5. Straws, water bottles and plastic bags sink down to the ocean floor. float for a short time. are eaten by only a few marine species. last much longer than expected. 6. The massive use of plastic started on a Pacific island in 1966. has been documented since 1966. has not changed in the last 50 years. is a relatively recent phenomenon. 7. The impact of plastic waste on wildlife was predicted by scientists 30 years ago. can be easily solved by science. requires government intervention. has remained the same over the years. 8. According to the text, which of the following is an effective solution to the threat of plastic waste on wildlife? Delaying taking measures now and waiting for science to solve the problem. Financing scientific research to change the nature of plastic. Locating crucial areas and then forbidding plastics there. Taking voluntary measures to reduce people’s use of plastic.

6

Grammar Vocabulary Text Maturity Total Nota de la redacció

Part 3: Writing

Choose ONE topic. Your answer should be 125-150 words in length. There is no specific penalty for exceeding 150 words in length. Extra points are not given for exceeding 150 words. [4 points]

1. Last summer you went rock climbing in the Pyrenees and realized that all the surroundings were full of plastic waste. Write an informal letter to a friend of yours describing your feelings. 2. Imagine that you are the chief editor of an important newspaper and you decide to write an editorial about the environment and global warming. Write a formal essay arguing for strong, efficient measures to protect the environment. 3. You have recently finished high school. A few years from now, when you look back on your time in high school, what part will you remember fondly? And which part will you wish you could forget? Write an essay describing how you think you will view your high school experience.

L’Institut d’Estudis Catalans ha tingut cura de la correcció lingüística i de l’edició d’aquesta prova d’accés

Etiqueta de l’alumne/a