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2.-Put these sentences into the passive voice:
1.People should send their complaints to the head office.
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2.They had to postpone the meeting because of illness.
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2.They will ask you a lot of questions in the interview.
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3.Nobody told me that George was ill.
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.4.His colleagues gave him a present when he retired.
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5.They didn´t ask me my name.
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6.I think they should have offered Tom the job.
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3 .-Transform into passive:
1.We should give him more money........................................................................
2.They could help him more...................................................................................
3.He might finish it soon.........................................................................................
4.They must decorate the house...........................................................................
5.They ought to send a letter.................................................................................
6.You must not hammer nail into the walls without permission......................
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7.They can´t buy the book at the bookshop because it´s too expensive
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The police officer showed us the way.
…………………………………………………
…………………………………………………
Our neighbour gave me a lift.
…………………………………………………
…………………………………
PASSIVE (CAUSATIVE FORM: HAVE + OBJECT + PP)
1. Use the words in brackets to complete these sentences. Use the
structure “to have something done”.
- We _____________________ (our hours / paint) next summer.
- I have lost my keys. I’ll have to ____________________ (another key / make).
- Your hair is a mess. You should ________________________ (your hair /
cut).
- The floor is very dirty. Why don’t you ________________________ (it / clean)?
- My father’s car is not working very well. He ______________________(it / service) tomorrow.
- Many young people today _______________________ (their nose / pierce).
Have or get something done
This construction ( Subject + have / get + object + past participle ) is passive in meaning.
It may describe situations where we want someone else to do something for us. Examples:
- When are you going to get that window mended? - We're having the house painted.
When the verb refers to something negative or unwanted, it has the same meaning as a passive sentence:
- Jim had his car stolen last night. (= Jim's car was stolen)
- Your dog looks beautiful!
- Oh, yes! I like__________________________ (wash)
- What about your son's teeth?
- Not bad, he is_________________________ (see)
- Your trousers are too long.
- Yes, _____________________________ (shorten) 4. Put the following sentences into the passive mode or add the most suitable causative.
- Once they asked me to introduce my closest friend to my oldest friend.
- Once ____________________________________
- They have a special firm which delivers quality wine for their restaurant.
- They _____________________________________
- People believe that whales can talk to each other.
- Whales___________________________________
- An American company employed him since he left school.
- He_______________________________________
- A group of workers were filling the holes in the pavement under the sun.
- The holes_________________________________
- Can we paint these walls with plastic paint?
- Can these walls__________________________
- I am writing all those letters to send them tomorrow.
- All those letters__________________________
REPORTED SPEECH.- EXERCISES
Change the following sentences into reported speech.
- The spokesman said: “I can’t understand why billiards has been prohibited.”
- Gihan exclaimed: “We have had too many prohibitions.”
- The young lady said: “I did not make such a mistake.”
- She said: “We’ll go and get some food.”
- Winston Churchill said: “I wake up at six every day”
- A company representative said: “This probably won’t happen.”
- A farmer said: “If the situation goes on like this, we will lose the
consumers’ confidence forever”.
- He added: “We need someone who will realise that celibacy has to be a
personal choice”.
- She said: “I think the amount of immigrants right now is OK, but I don’t
think we need any more”.
- He said: “In Japan paper-folding was valued for its decorative function”.
- “If I don’t win this game, I will retire,” Kasparov said.
- The police said: “Youssef planned the World Trade Centre bombing”.
- She said: “As a woman, my life will change with the new millennium”.
- “I watched a documentary about dolphins on TV yesterday,” said John.
12 - “Stay with us until tomorrow, Tom”. My uncle … …………………………………………. with them for the night. (insist) 13 - “How about having a swim?” they said. They… ……………………………………………………………………… .. a swim. (suggest) 14 - “You'd b etter start learning for the exam, Roger,” the biology teacher said. The biol ogy teacher… ……………………………………………… ..learning for the exam.(advise)
RELATIVE CLAUSES
Defining and non-defining relative clauses
Non-defining relative clauses
Use We use non-defining relative clauses to give extra information about the person or thing in the main clause. The extra information is not essential. Robbie Williams’ Millennium , which is one of his most successful singles , was released in 1999.
Form In non-defining relative clauses we put a comma before and after the main clause. We use the relative pronouns who , which , whose , where and when in non-defining relative clauses. The relative pronoun cannot be omitted. Mark Smith, who lives next door to us , plays in a rock band.
1 Combine the sentences. Use who , which , whose , where or when****.
Ivan is very good-looking. He’s Helen’s brother. Ivan, who is Helen’s brother, is very good-looking.
1 The book is about a murder on the Nile. (It was written by Agatha Christie.) ………………………………………………………………………………..
2 The diamond necklace has been found by the police. (It was stolen last week.) …………………………………………………………………………………
3 Steven Spielberg lives in Hollywood. (He is a famous film director.) ……………………………………………………………………………….
4 My friend Isabel wants to do media studies. (Her father is a TV presenter.)
5 The new club plays great music. (Jamie works there.) ………………………………………………………………………………
6 My holiday in Ibiza was wonderful. (I first met Jenny then.) ……………………………………………………………………………..
7 The new band is very good. (It was formed last year.) ……………………………………………………………………………..
Defining relative clauses
Use We use defining relative clauses to give essential information about the person or thing in the main clause. It tells us which person or thing we are talking about. This is the CD which everyone is talking about.
Form There are no commas in defining relative clauses. We can replace who or which with that in defining relative clauses. She’s the woman that works with my mother. This is the book that I told you about.
Who , which , that and when can be omitted when they are the object of the verb in the second clause, e.g. There’s the man that the police have been looking for. Whose and where can’t be omitted.
2 Combine the sentences. Use who , which , that , where or when****.
That’s the school. I used to go to it. That’s the school (that) I used to go to.
1 There’s the girl. I was telling you about her.
……………………………………………………………………….
2 That was the day. They got married then.
……………………………………………………………………… 3 She’s the girl. Her brother plays in the football team.
4 That’s the café. I meet my friends there.
…………………………………………………………………….
5 This is the film. I’ve been waiting to see it for ages.
……………………………………………………………………..
6 Have you met the girl? She’s going out with Ted.
- Nicole Kidman is a famous actress. Her exhusband was Tom Cruise.
- The headmaster of your school is an old friend of mine. I am writing a letter to him.
- The car runs quite well. Bill sold us it.
- That is the song. I heard it on the radio this morning.
- The pyramids of Egypt should not be missed. They have written a lot about them.
- She expects me to clean the house. It is impossible.*
CONDITIONAL CLAUSES
First, second and third conditionals
First conditional
We use the first conditional to talk about situations that are possible or likely to happen. If he finishes his homework, he ’llgo to the cinema.
Second conditional
We use the second conditional to talk about situations which are imaginary or unlikely to happen. If I met Leonardo DiCaprio, I’d ask him for his autograph.
Third conditional
We use the third conditional to talk about imaginary or hypothetical situations in the past. If she had got up earlier, she wouldn’t have missed the train.
1 Match the two parts of the sentences.
1 If she had more time, … 2 If she has the new Star Wars game, … 3 If I was rich, … 4 He would have phoned the police … 5 If he had a motorbike, … 6 If she had watched the tennis match, …
a he’d ride it to school. b she’ll let you play it. c I’d buy a sports car. d she would have known the result. e I’ll tell you. f she’d learn another language. g if he’d seen the robbery.
7 If I find the letter, …
2 Read the text. Then complete the sentences in the first, second or third
conditional. Use the correct form of the verbs.
Andrew Chance’s mother was horrified when she received her son’s
Internet shopping bill. Thirteen-year-old Andrew had spent nearly £
million on eMall, an American Internet shopping site. Andrew used his
parents’ password to get into the
site. He then bought a Rolls Royce, a Van Gogh painting and an antique bed.
‘I’m in big trouble,’ the worried teenager said yesterday.
1 If Andrew’s parents ……………… (not buy) him the computer, he wouldn’t have
shopped on the Internet.
2 Andrew would make more friends if he ……………… (spend) less time on
the Internet.
3 If his parents ……………… (find out) earlier, Andrew would have spent less money.
4 If Andrew’s mother doesn’t pay, she ……………… (have to) go to prison.
5 Andrew ……………… (not get) into trouble if he hadn’t used his parents’ password.
6 If I ……………… (be) Andrew’s mother, I’d sell his computer.
7 If teenagers ……………… (have) a computer, they’ll want to surf the Internet.
3 Rewrite the sentences in the first, second or third conditional.
He can’t find his wallet so he’s angry. (Second conditional) If he could find his wallet, he wouldn’t be angry.
1 In order to lose weight you need to exercise more.
(First conditional) If you want ……………………………………………………
2 He may be late, but he can meet us at the Blue Note café.
(First conditional) If he’s …………………………………………………………
3 An old woman saw him burgle the house. That’s why he’s in prison.
(Third conditional) If she hadn’t …………………………………………………
4 He wants to be rich and famous. Then he’ll be happy.
(Second conditional) If he was ……………….…………………………………
5 Dave fell asleep so he missed the end of the film.
(Third conditional) If he hadn’t ……………..…………………………………..
4. Rephrase the following sentences into conditionals (types I, II or III)
1 - You were not at home yesterday. Your little brother had an accident. (type III)
- I didn't renew my subscription because I lost interest in the magazine's
articles.
- He was too slow to win the race.
- If I don't find a cheap flight, I won't go to Rio. (UNLESS)
- She will understand you provided that you don't speak too fast.(UNLESS)
25.Whenever Peter and I meet, we talk about the good old times.
26.Should you call Tim, tell him to bring my DVDs back on Sunday.
27.Mancini will be transferred to Juventus only if they accept his offer.
Provided………………..
WISH CLAUSES
A. Complete these sentences with the correct form of the verb in brackets. Some sentences require a negation and use the contractions in the negative form.
- Bruce wishes he ___________(have) more money so he could buy a new
sweater.
had Bruce w ishes he
- I wish I ___________( (be) taller so
that I could be in the basketball team.
w ere I w ish I * (be) talle (^) 3. I wish you ___________( (stop)
watching television while I am talking to you.
w ould stop I w ish you * (stop
- I wish you ___________( (do) that. It
annoys me.
w ouldn't do I w ish you * (do)
- I wish the holidays ___________(
(come) so we could go off to the seaside.
w ould come I w ish the holiday
- Of course Tom wishes he
___________( (come) with us to Paris, but he has to stay here.
could come Of course Tom w
- I wish we ___________( (go) to the
match on Saturday but we're visiting my uncle.
could go I w ish w e * (go) t
- I wish you ___________( (keep) your
mouth shut yesterday. Now Mary knows.
had kept I w ish you * (keep
- If only I ___________( (lose) all my
money. Now I'm broke.
hadn't lost If only I * (lose) al
- Peter is always late. If only he
___________( (turn up) on time for a change!
B. Complete the sentences in such a way that it means the same as the
sentence before it.
Example: I haven’t a job at the moment ---- If only/I wish I had a job
I’m not going to the party --------- If only/I wish I were going to the
party
I married Myrtle instead of Francis -------- If only/I wish I had
married Francis
You won’t ever wait for me -----------If only/I wish you would wait for
me
1.We’ve run out of petrol -------- If only/I wish...............................................................
I’m taking a test tomorrow -------- If only/I wish..........................................................
2.This holiday has been a disaster
